REVIEW OF HEAT EXCHANGERS

International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET), 2022

Heat transfer is one of the most important processes in many industries. For this a heat exchanger is used. There are many different types of heat exchanger available that are double tube heat exchanger, Shell and Tube heat exchanger, tube in tube heat exchanger, Plate heat exchanger, Finned heat exchanger etc. In heat exchanger a fluid is used to cool another fluid which is a higher temperature, this is done either with direct contact between the fluids or indirect contact between the fluids with a surface in between. Most common type of heat exchanger used in industries is Shell and Tube heat exchanger due to its dimension flexibility which is it dose not have any dimension limit to it. As most of the Shell and Tube heat exchanger in the industries are of long lengths and also they are equipped with only single pass of the tube and with either parallel flow or counter flow. They are also equipped with different types of baffle plate at different angles and placing. In this project we have done construction and performance on Shell and Tube heat exchanger which is made in compact size and which is also equipped with parallel flow and counter flow. We have given multiple passing of the tube throughout the shell which results in better cooling of water. The cooling medium used in this project is water at normal room temperature. Because of the compact size of this heat exchanger it can be used in small spaces with availability of water like in small scale industries.

Heat exchangers are one of the most important heat transfer apparatus that find its use in industries like oil refining, chemical engineering etc. Shell and tube (U-tube) type of heat exchangers have been commonly and effectively used in industries over the year. In this paper, shell and tube (U-tube) heat exchanger is designed which includes thermal design, mechanical design and hydraulic design. Different types of methods are carried out for optimum design. According to design parameters experimental analysis is carried out, which reveal the clear idea about temperature difference and dimension of heat exchanger. General Design consideration and design procedure is also illustrated.

Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Science, and Innovation

In industrial processes, heat exchangers are needed to transfer a certain amount of heat energy from the system to the environment. The research object observed using a heat exchanger type 1- 2 shell and a tube was water in hot and cold fluids. It aimed to determine the relationship between hot and cold fluids and the heat transfer coefficient, fouling factor, and tool efficiency. The research method varied the hot water by 50, 70, 90, 100 mL/s and the cold water by 20, 40, 60, 80 mL/s. After getting the data for each fluid's inlet and outlet temperatures, the effectiveness analysis was calculated. The research results on the hot fluid variable demonstrated that the more the fluid was flowing into the shell, the higher the heat transfer coefficient, heat transfer velocity, and average effectiveness. Meanwhile, the fouling factor tended to decrease along with the increasing hot fluid. The cold fluid variable, the higher the cold fluid flows into the tube, the higher the heat tran...

International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development

The paper considered a review for the design of a shell and tube heat exchanger. Therein, popular analytical techniques such as log mean temperature difference (LMTD) and effectiveness-number of transfer units (ε-NTU) were considered in the analysis. In the design, analysis, performance charts and tables describing the performance of the shell and tube heat exchanger in terms of crucial dimensionless parameters were developed. These fundamental dimensionless parameters account for the thermal & the physical properties of the fluids and the heat exchanger (HX) material. Using the information from the performance charts and tables, a basic design for the shell and tube heat exchanger can be readily formulated. The basic design involves choosing an appropriate number of transfer units (NTU) and capacity rate ratio for a given application. The NTU and capacity rate ratio can then be extrapolated to develop a detailed design for the shell and tube heat exchanger. Since NTU and capacity rate ratio accounts for all the significant physical and thermal properties of the heat exchanger, performance tables and charts would certainly help in maximizing the performance and minimizing the cost of the shell and tube heat exchanger. In the case considered herein, both LMTD and ε-NTU techniques yield the same exact results.

European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research, 2021

A shell-and-tube heat exchanger which was subjected to different flow configurations, viz. counter flow, and parallel flow, was investigated. Each of the flow configurations was operated under two different conditions of the shell, that is, an uninsulated shell and a shell insulated with fiber glass. The hot water inlet temperature of the tube was reduced gradually from 60 oC to 40 oC, and performance evaluation of the heat exchanger was carried out. It was found that for the uninsulated shell, the heat transfer effectiveness for hot water inlet temperature of 60, 55, 50, 45, and 40 oC are 0.243, 0.244, 0.240, 0.240, and 0.247, respectively, for the parallel flow arrangement. For the counter flow arrangement, the heat transfer effectiveness for the uninsulated shell are 2.40, 2.74, 5.00, 4.17, and 2.70%, respectively, higher than those for the parallel flow. The heat exchanger’s heat transfer effectiveness with fiber-glass-insulated shell for the parallel flow condition with tube ho...

2014

A heat exchanger is a device that is used to transfer thermal energy (enthalpy) between two or more fluids, at different temperatures and in thermal contact. In this problem of heat transfer involved the condition where different constructional parameters are changed for getting the performance review under different condition. An excel program has been developed for the ease of calculation and obtaining result after changing different parameters. The tube diameter, tube length, shell types etc. are all standardized and are available only in certain sizes and geometry. And so the design of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger usually involves a trial and error procedure where for a certain combination of the design variables the heat transfer area is calculated and then another combination is tried to check if there is any possibility of increasing the heat transfer coefficient. Since several discrete combinations of the design configurations are possible, the designer needs an efficient...

The In these researches work a shell and tube type single pass heat exchanger considered for the comparative analysis. Analysis has been perform in two different phases, in first phase we prepare one setup of shell and tube type heat exchanger with brass tube for shell and cold water for straight copper tube of 500 mm for hot water due to its good thermal conductivity. After the experimental study a computational fluid dynamic analysis was perform by creating a virtual model in CFD environment. The CFD model has created according to the physical parameter of experimental setup and same boundary condition has provided to analysis the performance of heat exchanger. The solution obtained for each combination of velocity and temperature input and corresponding output is stored in the form of solution table and graph. After the CFD analysis a comparative study has been performed to know the effectiveness of heat exchanger.

Engineering Today

The constant need for heat exchangers that are easy to manufacture and maintain, and that have a standardized and already known manufacturing technology, has led to the fact that shell and tube heat exchangers are one of the most common devices used in the process industry. In this paper, the analytical and numerical models of the basic shell and heat exchanger have presented with dimensions of 3750 x 1000 mm and a nominal heat capacity of 410 kW. Using the flow simulation, the influence of different numbers and arrangement of baffles and the changing the position of the inlet and outlet of warmer fluid are considered. The temperatures of the fluids on the inlet and outlet are taken into account as the main parameters for heat exchanger performance. From obtained results, it can be concluded that with the increase in the number of baffles, the performance of the heat exchanger is increased. The position of the inlet and outlet of the warmer fluid greatly influence the heat exchanger...

In the present study inlet temperature of shell and tube side are taken as input parameters with a given bundle arrangement of square pitch. The thermal analysis is done firstly taking water inside the tube and steam on shell side. The design of shell and tube exchanger using Kern method for water and steam combination is validated by well-known Dittus-Boelter equation of turbulent flow inside tube. The analysis is extended using the above Kern method with different fluid combinations such as sulphur-dioxide on the tube side steam on shell side and carbon-dioxide side on tube side and steam on shell side, Parameters such as heat transfer coefficient, friction coefficient, length, area and pressure drop are determined. "C" Program is written to evaluate the above parameters. Graphs are drawn to depict the behavior for different fluid combinations. The results are tabulated.

2021

Shell and Tube heat exchangers are having special importance in boilers, oil coolers, condensers, pre-heaters. They are also widely used in process applications as well as the refrigeration and air conditioning industry. The robustness and medium weighted shape of Shell and Tube heat exchangers make them well suited for high pressure operations. The aim of this study is to experiment, validate and to provide design suggestion to optimize the shell and tube heat exchanger (STHE). The heat exchanger is made of acrylic material with 2 baffles and 7 tubes made of stainless steel. Hot fluid flows inside the tube and cold fluid flows over the tube in the shell. 4 K-type thermocouples were used to read the hot and cold fluids inlet and outlet temperatures. Experiments were carried out for various combinations of hot and cold water flow rates with different hot water inlet temperatures. The flow conditions are limited to the lab size model of the experimental setup. A commercial CFD code wa...

Heat exchanger is a device which transfers the energy from a hot fluid to a cold fluid, with high rate and low investment. In the industry lots of heat exchangers are available but the problem is that it may harm or reduce the flow of heat transfer with some conditions. To formulate the problem in heat exchanger, Device is placed or run in different condition at different parameter. The tube diameter, length, types etc. are all standardized and are available in geometry. In smart engineering or advance engineering manufacturing process in water is being used in both as shell and tube side in heat exchanger. In the shell side, water exit from the heat exchanger and passes through cooling tower for cooling of fluid but water is not sufficient cooled by the cooling tower for again using in heat exchanger. In this paper we introduce a new technology which is based on shell with baffle with open structure allowing the shell side fluid to flow the baffle parallel to the tube. Although longitudinal flow such is not new, the type of baffle with its shape and engineered profile, result in specific flow characteristics which in many application , lead to optimize heat transfer efficiency.

International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 2019

A heat exchanger is equipment that transfers heat energy from one fluid stream to another fluid stream across a solid surface by conduction and convection. Heat exchangers are used in air conditioning & refrigeration systems, power plants, automotive industries, chemical processing, waste heat recovery systems, and food industries. Shell & tube heat exchangers are the most widely used heat exchanger. Earlier many types of studies were carried out on baffle of heat exchanger, as the hydraulic performance of shell side of exchanger relies on baffle elements such as changing baffle types, baffle segments, baffle angles, baffle cuts, etc. are introduced. But only a few researches are concentrated on the tube side. In this paper, efforts have been made to design a shell & tube heat exchanger by using the kern method & referring TEMA standards. Also, the fluid flow behavior & heat transfer mechanism of shell & tube heat exchanger with four different cross-sections of the tubes i.e. Circul...

This paper presents a model of counterflow shell and tube type heat exchanger in which water was working as heat transfer interacting fluid. To perform thermal analysis of shell and tube type heat exchanger we were first decided to design a heat exchanger. This was capable of cooling water from 55 o C to 45 o C using water at room temperature (25 o C). The designing was completed according to the Kern's method as well as to suit the norms of tubular exchanger manufacturer's association (TEMA). After thermal model design calculation our purpose was to ensure the correctness in design. Heat exchanger was designed on CAD software and its thermal analysis tested on ABAQUS 6.13. It was also fabricated based on the data obtained from mathematical modelling and tested under actual loading conditions. Altered materials were used for heat exchanger components during its thermal analysis. All these observations along with their discussions have been discussed in detail inside the paper.

Applied Thermal Engineering, 2009

For the purpose of heat transfer enhancement, the configuration of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger was improved through the installation of sealers in the shell-side. The gaps between the baffle plates and shell is blocked by the sealers, which effectively decreases the short-circuit flow in the shell-side. The results of heat transfer experiments show that the shell-side heat transfer coefficient of the improved heat exchanger increased by 18.2-25.5%, the overall coefficient of heat transfer increased by 15.6-19.7%, and the exergy efficiency increased by 12.9-14.1%. Pressure losses increased by 44.6-48.8% with the sealer installation, but the increment of required pump power can be neglected compared with the increment of heat flux. The heat transfer performance of the improved heat exchanger is intensified, which is an obvious benefit to the optimizing of heat exchanger design for energy conservation.

— The importance of mini shell and tube heat exchangers (STHEs) in industrial and other engineering applications cannot be underestimated. Hence, based on the problems associated with the design of STHEs, a mini STHE was developed for transfer of heat between two fluids without mixing on the laboratory scale using locally available materials and technology based on an optimized LMTD technique. The performance of the heat exchanger was assessed and evaluated to determine the optimum combination of design parameters. Copper was utilized for the tube side fluid due to its higher thermal conductivity and anti-microbial property, while galvanized steel was used for the shell side fluid due to its cost and corrosion resistance. Parametric studies were carried out on STHE design parameters to obtain an optimal design for efficiency and effectiveness after relevant design considerations. Experimental results were validated with quantitative models, and it was discovered that both Dell-Belaware and Engineering Science Data Unit (ESDU) approaches produced the optimal results required for the selection of shell side and tube fluid film coefficients, respectively over other correlations. In conclusion, the values of parameters of interest were also presented after rigorous mathematical calculations at optimal level and probable recommendations were later made.