FTIR ATR SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN FIBER

Heritage

This paper presents the limitations and potential of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy applied to the study of cellulosic textile collections. The technique helps to differentiate natural fibres according to the content of lignin, pectin, hemicellulose, and wax, although some problematic issues should be considered. The spectral differences derived from the environmental humidity uptake and the plant composition are reviewed and discussed in the light of new experimental data. Diagnostic bands are proposed that can discriminate between different fibres from different plants. The contribution of ageing is also considered, demonstrating that sometimes aged fibres cannot be reliably recognised. In contrast, the potential of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy to discriminate between natural and modified fibres is discussed and proven. The best results were obtained when microinvasive ATR-FTIR spectroscopy was coupled with SEM observations. The proposed protocol was tested on microsamples of various cellulosic m...

American Journal of Analytical Chemistry

Nowadays, the material recycling is a growing trend in development of building materials and therefore using of secondary raw materials for production new building materials is in accordance with sustainable development in civil engineering. Therefore, it is increasingly becoming crucial to accelerate the transition from application of non-renewable sources of raw materials to renewable raw materials. One fast renewable resource is natural plant fibers. The use of the cellulosic fibers as environmentally friendly material in building products contributes to the environmental protection and saves non-renewable resources of raw materials. Wood fibers and recycled cellulose fibers of waste paper appear as suited reinforcing elements for cement-based materials. In this paper, there is used application of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) on cellulose fibers coming from different sources. FTIR spectra of cellulose fiber samples are investigated and compared with reference sample of cellulose.

BioResources, 2011

Medium density fiberboard (MDF) is an engineered wood product formed by breaking down selected lignin-cellulosic material residuals into fibers, combining it with wax and a resin binder, and then forming panels by applying high temperature and pressure. Because the raw material in the industrial process is ever-changing, the panel industry requires methods for monitoring the composition of their products. The aim of this study was to estimate the ratio of sugarcane (SC) bagasse to Eucalyptus wood in MDF panels using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square (PLS) regressions were performed. MDF panels having different bagasse contents were easily distinguished from each other by the PCA of their NIR spectra with clearly different patterns of response. The PLS-R models for SC content of these MDF samples presented a strong coefficient of determination (0.96) between the NIR-predicted and Lab-determined values and a low standard error of prediction (~1.5%) in the cross-validations. A key role of resins (adhesives), cellulose, and lignin for such PLS-R calibrations was shown. PLS-DA model correctly classified ninety-four percent of MDF samples by cross-validations and ninety-eight percent of the panels by independent test set. These NIR-based models can be useful to quickly estimate sugarcane bagasse vs. Eucalyptus wood content ratio in unknown MDF samples and to verify the quality of these engineered wood products in an online process.

2000

Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy was combined with multivariate data analysis to investigate the chemical changes in wood during particle-and medium density fibreboard (MDF) production of grand fir (Abies grandis [Douglas ex D. Don] Lindl.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). The mechanical and technological properties of the novel particle-and fibreboards from beech or grand fir wood were similar to those of conventional panels from pine and spruce. This indicates that these timbers can be used as resources for wood-based panel production. Principal component analysis of FTIR spectra differentiated wood, fibres, particles, MDF, and particleboards of both species in the whole production process. Modifications in the spectra of fibres and particles suggested that cellulose properties of wood were changed during mechanical pulping. Wet chemical analysis confirmed that the furfural content was lower in fibres and higher MDF boards than in wood. Different binders and hydrophobic additives were clearly traceable and discernable in wood composites. Samples from the same production step were clustered together, indicating high homogeneity of the raw materials, and intermediate and final products, respectively. This suggests that FTIR spectroscopy in combination with cluster analysis is a useful tool to assess product quality and can be further developed to control and optimize production processes for innovative wood-based panels.

Futuristic Trends in Engineering, Science, Humanities, and Technology/Tro-India, 2016

— Throughout this research, the fundamental characterization of functional groups bond structure and the behavior of natural fiber before and after treatment were understood. Fibers were obtained by extracting it from the bamboo, betel nut and hemp plants. The Infrared spectrum of natural fiber were obtained and tested using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in the range of 400 cm-1 to 4000 cm-1 for untreated and alkali treated fibers. It was prepared quantitatively and qualitatively according to ASTM E168-06 and ASTM E1252-98 standards. Based on the Infrared spectral, the functional groups of the plant fiber were then collected and classified. The effect of chemical treatment was evaluated and discussed. Based on the result obtained, the bond structure of certain functional groups (i.e. hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin) was removed and changed due to the alkaline treatment.

Studies in Conservation, 2003

The ability to accurately identify fibres is of importance to conservators, allowing the most appropriate methods of treatment to be employed. Our research has concentrated on the development of an ATR FT-IR spectroscopic technique for the characterisation of cellulosic (plant) fibres. Six species of fibre were examined, taken largely from the bast group (flax, hemp, jute and ramie), along with cotton and sisal. Initially, unprocessed fibres were considered; subsequently, processed fibres from a variety of sources were examined. Peak intensity ratio techniques were employed to differentiate the fibre types on the basis of relative lignin content with respect to other cellular components. It was found that for each of the species of fibre, the ratios fell within characteristic ranges. 1 Authors' Biographies Paul Wyeth received a BA (Hons) from Cambridge, where he remained to study for a PhD. He joined the Chemistry Department at the University of Southampton in 1978 and currently holds a joint appointment as lecturer in the Chemistry Department and lecturer in Conservation Science at the Textile Conservation Centre. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry and a member of the United Kingdom Institute for Conservation and of the recently constituted Institute for Conservation Science. He has helped to establish the Southern Conservation Network, which supports heritage conservators and curators in the South of England. His research interests encompass applications of microstructural and microspectroscopic analysis in the areas of conservation science and natural technology. Paul Garside studied for his Master of Chemistry degree at Southampton, graduating in 1998. He stayed on for doctoral research with Paul Wyeth on the characterisation of natural polymer fibres in historic textiles. He has developed significant expertise in applying analytical methodology to conservation science problems and is now extending this through postdoctoral studies at the Research Centre for Textile Conservation and Textile Studies, University of Southampton.

2017

The effects of combined scouring-bleaching and reactive dyeing were investigated by characterizing the functional groups changed of cotton, betel nut, banana and jute fibers using caustic soda, Hydrogen peroxide and reactive dyestuffs. FTIR ATR spectroscopy provided a fast and semi-quantitative assessment of the removal of pectin, lignin, Hemicelluloses, oil, waxes etc on those fibers surface by comparing the changes in intensity of the carbonyl peak induced by Hydrogen peroxide and caustic soda treatments well as bond changing in reactive dyeing around 4000 cm -1 . Above all fibers are not reacting identically during changing impurities and covalent bond forming between cellulose and reactive dyes.

Studies in Conservation, 2006

The ability to accurately identify fibres is of importance to conservators, allowing the most appropriate methods of treatment to be employed. Our research has concentrated on the development of an ATR FT-IR spectroscopic technique for the characterisation of cellulosic (plant) fibres. Six species of fibre were examined, taken largely from the bast group (flax, hemp, jute and ramie), along with cotton and sisal. Initially, unprocessed fibres were considered; subsequently, processed fibres from a variety of sources were examined. Peak intensity ratio techniques were employed to differentiate the fibre types on the basis of relative lignin content with respect to other cellular components. It was found that for each of the species of fibre, the ratios fell within characteristic ranges. 1 Authors' Biographies Paul Wyeth received a BA (Hons) from Cambridge, where he remained to study for a PhD. He joined the Chemistry Department at the University of Southampton in 1978 and currently holds a joint appointment as lecturer in the Chemistry Department and lecturer in Conservation Science at the Textile Conservation Centre. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry and a member of the United Kingdom Institute for Conservation and of the recently constituted Institute for Conservation Science. He has helped to establish the Southern Conservation Network, which supports heritage conservators and curators in the South of England. His research interests encompass applications of microstructural and microspectroscopic analysis in the areas of conservation science and natural technology. Paul Garside studied for his Master of Chemistry degree at Southampton, graduating in 1998. He stayed on for doctoral research with Paul Wyeth on the characterisation of natural polymer fibres in historic textiles. He has developed significant expertise in applying analytical methodology to conservation science problems and is now extending this through postdoctoral studies at the Research Centre for Textile Conservation and Textile Studies, University of Southampton.

Biomass and Bioenergy, 2004

The chemical composition of a variety of agricultural biomass samples was analyzed with near infrared spectroscopy and pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectroscopy. These samples were selected from a wide array of agricultural residue samples and included residues that had been subjected to a variety of di erent treatments including solvent extractions and chemical modiÿcations. This analysis showed that both spectroscopic tools, coupled with multivariate analytical techniques, could be used to di erentiate the samples and accurately predict the chemical composition of this disparate set of agricultural biomass samples. ?

Carbohydrate Polymers, 2010

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, in combination with multivariate analysis, enable the analysis of wood samples without time-consuming sample preparation. The aim of our work was to analysis the wood samples qualitatively and quantitatively by FTIR spectroscopy. A Van Soest method to determine the lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose content, was used as reference method. Multivariate calibration was performed based on first derivative of the FTIR spectra in the wave number range from 1900 to 800 cm −1 , using principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and partial least-squares (PLS) chemometric methods. Multivariate calibration models for FTIR spectroscopy have been developed. Using PCA and HCA approach, wood samples were classified as softwoods and hardwoods while wood samples with and without treatments were labeled as wood, neutral detergent solution fiber (NDSF), acid detergent solution fiber (ADSF) and strong acid solution fiber (SASF). Furthermore, PLS regression method was applied to correlate lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose contents in wood samples with the FTIR spectral data. The models' refinement procedure and validation was performed by cross-validation. Although a wide range of input parameters (i.e., various wood species) was used, highly satisfactory results were obtained with the root-mean-square errors for the contents of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose are 1.51, 0.96 and 0.62%, respectively. This study showed that FTIR spectra have the potential to be an important source of information for a quick evaluation of the chemical composition of wood samples.