EDWARD LEAR IN BANGALORE

Asiatic: IIUM Journal of English Language and Literature, 2016

2014

The last three decades of the nineteenth century and the first few of the twentieth witnessed an explosion of travel literature from Eastern India, particularly from Bengal. That Calcutta was the capital of British India till 1911 was of course one, of its reasons. The spread of English education for the middle class in the nineteenth century played a significant role in developing such narratives. It is through learning English that the enlightened Bengali of the new age learnt to see modern Europe. Also the emancipation of women, inculcated to a great extent by the progressive Brahmo Samaj movement, made the weaker sex venture into Victorian homes. Apart from the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, these sea voyages to Europe and to England in particular, (often referred to by a general term ‘Vilayet’ in most of the writings) gained greater impetus and were recorded in a variety of literary forms ranging from diaries, religious tracts, personal memoirs, comparative analyses of the ...

Journal of British Studies, 2005

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Journal of Law and Social Sciences, Singapore, ISSN 2251-2853, 2012

Early French travellers painted very interesting pictures when they travelled to far off regions in the South-East Asia and articulated the idea of the exotic east through their travelogues for a curious western audience. The paper seeks to study the changes in perceptions in early travel writings of the east and the west and explores how the east was perceived by the west and how these ideas changed with the advent of Colonialism and Occidentalism.

Ancient India has hosted many foreign travellers. It was through the records and writings of these travellers, the world first heard about India and her people. Many of those travellers have documented the culture and lifestyle prevailing in the various parts of India then. The most prominent of the travellers are listed in this article. Megasthanese Megasthanese was the first important foreign traveller to reach India. He came here in about 305 BC, as a representative to Selucus, the then army general of Alexander the Great. He lived for many days at Pataliputra and visited various parts of India. He observed that the climate in India was good and the soil was very fertile. He wrote the book Indica about his experiences in the country. He remarks about the caste system and the various sports in the land in his book.

Susheila Nasta (ed.), India in Britain: South Asian Networks and Connections, 1858-1950, 2012

A comparison of M.K. Gandhi, Swami Vivekananda and Rudyard Kipling's experiences of arrival from India in late Victorian London.

Cambridge Scholars Publishing , 2021

Introduction to English Writings from Northeast India: of Inclusions, Exclusions and Beyond

The history of English travel narratives reveals that its origin and development is closely linked to the British encounter with the colonial 'other.' In the 'golden age' of European navigation and discovery travel narratives emerged in England in an effort to familiarise the unknown and the strange. Once the initial mapping was done by the navigators, travellers, artists and explorers went to the newly discovered territories and narrated the natural as well as the ethnographic conditions they observed there. Such travel narratives undoubtedly had a role in advancing the colonial and the imperial agenda, though simultaneously, they influenced the growth of modern form of tourism during the late eighteenth and the nineteenth century. William Hodges was the first European landscape painter to visit India. During his stay in India (1780-85) he travelled extensively and made several sketches for his paintings, forty eight of which were completed and published between 1785 and 1788 as Select Views of India. A few years later he wrote Travels in India, During the Years 1780, 1781, 1782, & 1783 (1793). The present article aims to explore how Hodges exceeds his artistic self and becomes an apologist for the emerging British Empire in India.

100 Years of A Passage to India: International Assessments, ed. Harish Trivedi, 2024

Needless to say, he never contemplated a technical transcription of the original; he did not propose to copy it. Jorge Luis Borges, 'Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote'

Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies, 2002

Pramod K. Nayar was a period of crisis for the English in India. The several wars, charges of corruption, infighting at the East India House (London), mounting debts,1 the Parliamentary investigations of the 1780s, and the trial of Warren Hastings (beginning in 1788), followed by the appointment and disputed recall of Governor-General Arthur Wellesley, eroded the East India Company's (EIC) standing. Meanwhile, numerous English soldiers died in battles or suffered imprisonment across India. The Annual Register (1767:41) and other periodicals noted the crisis. The India affairs were described as "embarrassed* (CR 35:1) and India itself as a "precarious possession" (The Times, 25 February 1785). However, India's importance to England continued to grow amidst these problems. Englishmen continued to see India as a career, as the Monthly Review pointed out (MR 78:396). William Thomson in Memoirs of the Late War in Asia (1781) unambiguously stated that "the preservation of India. .. [is]. .. the only means of saving us from a general bankruptcy" (1:305). Control over land, revenue, trade, and military superiority emerged as the prime concerns for the EIC, as the several letters between Fort William (Calcutta) and India House illustrate. Extensive descriptions of the Indian landscape also mark travelogues of the period. In this essay I shall focus on the manner in which aesthetics and colonial ideology imbricate in these descriptions. I argue from the premise that contemporary aesthetics helped furnish a ready tool with which the traveller could articulate specifically colonial themes in her/his narrative. More importantly, aesthetics frequently helped camouflage colonial ideology