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2005, Journal of High Energy Physics
We give an explicit demonstration of the equivalence between the Normal Matrix Model (NMM) of c = 1 string theory at selfdual radius and the Kontsevich-Penner (KP) model for the same string theory. We relate macroscopic loop expectation values in the NMM to condensates of the closed string tachyon, and discuss the implications for open-closed duality. As in c < 1, the Kontsevich-Miwa transform between the parameters of the two theories appears to encode open-closed string duality, though our results also exhibit some interesting differences with the c < 1 case. We also briefly comment on two different ways in which the Kontsevich model originates.
Nuclear Physics B, 2003
We show that the c = 1 bosonic string theory at finite temperature has two matrixmodel realizations related by a kind of duality transformation. The first realization is the standard one given by the compactified matrix quantum mechanics in the inverted oscillator potential. The second realization, which we derive here, is given by the normal matrix model. Both matrix models exhibit the Toda integrable structure and are associated with two dual cycles (a compact and a non-compact one) of a complex curve with the topology of a sphere with two punctures. The equivalence of the two matrix models holds for an arbitrary tachyon perturbation and in all orders in the string coupling constant.
Physics Letters B, 1995
We show that the most general two-matrix model with bilinear coupling underlies c = 1 string theory. More precisely we prove that W 1+∞ constraints, a subset of the correlation functions and the integrable hierarchy characterizing such twomatrix model, correspond exactly to the W 1+∞ constraints, to the discrete tachyon correlation functions and to the integrable hierarchy of the c = 1 string theory.
2016
It is generally accepted that the double-scaled 1D matrix model is equivalent to the c = 1 string theory with tachyon condensation. There remain however puzzles that are to be clarified in order to utilize this connection for our quest towards possible non-perturbative formulation of string theory. We discuss some of the issues that are related to the space-time interpretation of matrix models, in particular, the questions of leg poles, causality, and black hole background. Finally, a speculation about a possible connection of a deformed matrix model with the idea of Dirichret brane is presented.
Nuclear Physics B, 1995
The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. arXiv:hep-th/9505127v2 28 Jun 1995 hep-th/9505127 ABSTRACT We derive a Kontsevich-type matrix model for the c = 1 string directly from the W ∞ solution of the theory. The model that we obtain is different from previous proposals, which are proven to be incorrect. Our matrix model contains the Penner and Kontsevich cases, and we study its quantum effective action. The simplicity of our model leads to an encouraging interpretation in the context of background-independent non-critical string field theory.
String Theory in a Nutshell, 2011
It is generally accepted that the double-scaled 1D matrix model is equivalent to the c = 1 string theory with tachyon condensation. There remain however puzzles that are to be claried in order to utilize this connection for our quest towards possible non-perturbative formulation of string theory. W e discuss some of the issues that are related to the space-time interpretation of matrix models, in particular, the questions of leg poles, causality, and black hole background. Finally, a speculation about a possible connection of a deformed matrix model with the idea of Dirichret brane is presented.
Physical Review D, 1997
We discuss a T-duality transformation for the c = 1/2 matrix model for the purpose of studying duality transformations in a possible toy example of nonperturbative frameworks of string theory. Our approach is to first investigate the scaling limit of the Schwinger-Dyson equations and the stochastic Hamiltonian in terms of the dual variables and then compare the results with those using the original spin variables. It is shown that the c = 1/2 model in the scaling limit is T-duality symmetric in the sphere approximation. The duality symmetry is however violated when the higher-genus effects are taken into account, owing to the existence of global Z 2 vector fields corresponding to nontrivial homology cycles. Some universal properties of the stochastic Hamiltonians which play an important role in discussing the scaling limit and have been discussed in a previous work by the last two authors are refined in both the original and dual formulations. We also report a number of new explicit results for various amplitudes containing macroscopic loop operators.
1998
We consider Heterotic string theories in the DLCQ. We derive that the matrix model of the Spin(32)/Z_2 Heterotic theory is the theory living on N D-strings in type I wound on a circle with no Spin(32)/Z_2 Wilson line on the circle. This is an O(N) gauge theory. We rederive the matrix model for the 8 Heterotic string theory, explicitly taking care of the Wilson line around the lightlike circle. The result is the same theory as for Spin(32)/Z_2 except that now there is a Wilson line on the circle. We also see that the integer N labeling the sector of the O(N) matrix model is not just the momentum around the lightlike circle, but a shifted momentum depending on the Wilson line. We discuss the aspect of level matching, GSO projections and why, from the point of view of matrix theory the 8 theory, and not the Spin(32)/Z_2, develops an 11'th dimension for strong coupling. Furthermore a matrix theory for type I is derived. This is again the O(N) theory living on the D-strings of type I...
Journal of High Energy Physics, 2019
We study the scattering of long strings in c = 1 string theory, both in the worldsheet description and in the non-singlet sector of the dual matrix quantum mechanics. From the worldsheet perspective, the scattering amplitudes of long strings are obtained from a decoupling limit of open strings amplitudes on FZZT branes, which we compute by integrating Virasoro conformal blocks along with structure constants of boundary Liouville theory. In particular, we study the tree level amplitudes of (1) a long string decaying by emitting a closed string, and (2) the scattering of a pair of long strings. We show that they are indeed well defined as limits of open string amplitudes, and that our results are in striking numerical agreement with computations in the adjoint and bi-adjoint sectors of the dual matrix model (based on proposals of Maldacena and solutions due to Fidkowski), thereby providing strong evidence of the duality.
International Journal of Modern Physics A, 2004
Even though matrix model partition functions do not exhaust the entire set of τ -functions relevant for string theory, they seem to be elementary building blocks for many others and they seem to properly capture the fundamental symplicial nature of quantum gravity and string theory. We propose to consider matrix model partition functions as new special functions. This means they should be investigated and put into some standard form, with no reference to particular applications. At the same time, the tables and lists of properties should be full enough to avoid discoveries of unexpected peculiarities in new applications. This is a big job, and the present paper is just a step in this direction. Here we restrict our consideration to the finite-size Hermitean 1-matrix model and concentrate mostly on its phase/branch structure arising when the partition function is considered as a D-module. We discuss the role of the CIV-DV prepotential (as generating a possible basis in the linear space of solutions to the Virasoro constraints, but with a lack of understanding of why and how this basis is distinguished) and evaluate first few multiloop correlators, which generalize semicircular distribution to the case of multitrace and non-planar correlators. § • One of the goals of generic string theory [1] is to identify the properties of partition functions of various string models. These are defined as generating functions of all the correlators in a given quantum theory. Associated with the three existing formulations of quantum mechanics (linear algebra of operators in the Hilbert and Fock spaces, wave equations, path integral), there are three possible descriptions/definitions of the partition function: as a matrix element, as a solution to a system of linear differential equations (as an element of a D-module), as a (functional) integral over trajectories in configuration and/or phase space (over field configurations). These very different definitions emphasize different properties of partition functions, and their equivalence implies deep and non-trivial relations and symmetries. Among these implications, there are integrability properties of partition functions, placing them into the class of generalized τ -functions [2], which satisfy infinite sets of compatible nonlinear difference-differential equations, (generalized Hirota equations). Moreover, partition functions of different models are often related by dualities and/or mirror-like symmetries. Despite their general definitions and symmetries, partition functions are rarely expressible through conventional special functions and possess complicated analytical properties, with all kinds of singularities and branchings.
2013
In this talk, we first review the possibility of matrix models toward a nonperturbative (critical) string theory. We then discuss whether the c = 1 matrix model can describe the black hole solution of 2D critical string theory. We show that there exists a class of integral transformations which send the Virasoro condition for the tachyon field around the 2D black hole to that around the linear dilaton vacuum. In particular, we construct an explicit integral formula wihich describes a continuous deformation of the linear dilaton vacuum to the black hole background. Contents 1. Introduction: Basic
Nuclear Physics B, 1995
We propose a new formulation of the space-time interpretation of the c = 1 matrix model. Our formulation uses the well-known leg-pole factor that relates the matrix model amplitudes to that of the 2-dimensional string theory, but includes fluctuations around the fermi vacuum on both sides of the inverted harmonic oscillator potential of the double-scaled model, even when the fluctuations are small and confined entirely within the asymptotes in the phase plane. We argue that including fluctuations on both sides of the potential is essential for a consistent interpretation of the leg-pole transformed theory as a theory of spacetime gravity. We reproduce the known results for the string theory tree level scattering amplitudes for flat space and linear dilaton background as a special case. We show that the generic case corresponds to more general space-time backgrounds. In particular, we identify the parameter corresponding to background metric perturbation in string theory (black hole mass) in terms of the matrix model variables. Possible implications of our work for a consistent nonperturbative definition of string theory as well as for quantized gravity and black-hole physics are discussed.
Arxiv preprint hep-th/9211085, 1992
We discuss the basic features of the double scaling limit of the one dimensional matrix model and its interpretation as a two dimensional string theory. Using the collective field theory formulation of the model we show how the fluctuations of the collective field can be interpreted as the massless "tachyon" of the two dimensional string in a linear dilaton background. We outline the basic physical properties of the theory and discuss the nature of the Smatrix. Finally we show that the theory admits of another interpretation in which a certain integral transform of the collective field behaves as the massless "tachyon" in the two dimensional string with a blackhole background. We show that both the classical background and the fluctuations are non-singular at the black hole singularity.
Nuclear Physics B, 1999
We consider Heterotic string theories in the DLCQ. We derive that the matrix model of the Spin(32)/Z 2 Heterotic theory is the theory living on N D-strings in type I wound on a circle with no Spin(32)/Z 2 Wilson line on the circle. This is an O(N) gauge theory. We rederive the matrix model for the E 8 × E 8 Heterotic string theory, explicitly taking care of the Wilson line around the lightlike circle. The result is the same theory as for Spin(32)/Z 2 except that now there is a Wilson line on the circle. We also see that the integer N labeling the sector of the O(N) matrix model is not just the momentum around the lightlike circle, but a shifted momentum depending on the Wilson line. We discuss the aspect of level matching, GSO projections and why, from the point of view of matrix theory the E 8 ×E 8 theory, and not the Spin(32)/Z 2 , develops an 11'th dimension for strong coupling. Furthermore a matrix theory for type I is derived. This is again the O(N) theory living on the D-strings of type I. For small type I coupling the system is 0+1 dimensional quantum mechanics.
Journal of High Energy Physics, 2007
A prescription is given for computing anomalous dimensions of single trace operators in SYM at strong coupling and large N using a reduced model of matrix quantum mechanics. The method involves treating some parts of the operators as "BPS condensates" which, in certain limit, have a dual description as null geodesics on the S 5. In the gauge theory, the condensate is similar to a representative of the chiral ring and it is described by a background of commuting matrices. Excitations around these condensates correspond to excitations around this background and take the form of "string bits" which are dual to the "giant magnons" of Hofman and Maldacena. In fact, the matrix model approach gives a quantum description of these string configurations and explains why the infinite momentum limit suppresses the quantum effects. This method allows, not only to derive part of the classical sigma model Hamiltonian of the dual string (in the infinite momentum limit), but also its quantum canonical structure. Therefore, it provides an alternative method of testing the AdS/CFT correspondence without the need of integrability.
Nuclear Physics B, 1997
Via compactification on a circle, the matrix model of M-theory proposed by Banks et al suggests a concrete identification between the large N limit of two-dimensional N = 8 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory and type IIA string theory. In this paper we collect evidence that supports this identification. We explicitly identify the perturbative string states and their interactions, and describe the appearance of D-particle and D-membrane states. * Here we work in string units α = 1. A derivation of (1) from matrix theory and a discussion of our normalizations is given in the appendix.
NATO ASI Series, 1997
2004
Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. The interaction of D-branes : A bosonic picture 4 3. The interaction of D-branes : A fermionic picture 6 3.1 Adding tachyons 11 3.2 Two branes 13 4. Annulus diagram from boundary states 14 4.1 Preliminaries 14 4.2 The boundary state for the rolling tachyon 15 4.3 Cylinder computation 18 5. Discussion 20
Nuclear Physics B, 1994
We invesigate how the exact 2D black-hole solution for the critical string theory should be described, at least perturbatively with respect to the inverse mass of the black hole, within the framework of matrix model. In particular, we propose a working hypothesis on the basis of which we can present plausible candidates for the necessary non-local field redefinition of the tachyon field and the deformation of the usual c = 1 matrix model with µ = 0. We exhibit some marked difference in the properties of tachyon scattering of the deformed model from those of the usual c = 1 model corresponding to tachyon condensation. These results lead to a concrete proposal for the S-matrix for the tachyon
1995
We show how the two-matrix model and Toda lattice hierarchy presented in a previous paper can be solved exactly: we obtain compact formulas for correlators of pure tachyonic states at every genus. We then extend the model to incorporate a set of discrete states organized in finite dimensional sl 2 representations. We solve also this extended model and find the correlators of the discrete states by means of the W constraints and the flow equations. Our results coincide with the ones existing in the literature in those cases in which particular correlators have been explicitly calculated. We conclude that the extented two-matrix model is a realization of the discrete states of c = 1 string theory. *
Journal of High Energy Physics
We sharpen the duality between open and closed topological string partition functions for topological gravity coupled to matter. The closed string partition function is a generalized Kontsevich matrix model in the large dimension limit. We integrate out off-diagonal degrees of freedom associated to one source eigenvalue, and find an open/closed topological string partition function, thus proving open/closed duality. We match the resulting open partition function to the generating function of intersection numbers on moduli spaces of Riemann surfaces with boundaries and boundary insertions. Moreover, we connect our work to the literature on a wave function of the KP integrable hierarchy and clarify the role of the extended Virasoro generators that include all time variables as well as the coupling to the open string observable.
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