Clinical course and consequences of hepatitis A infection

Gastroenterology & Hepatology: Open Access, 2016

States and in 2005, the disease becomes notifiable [2,5]. HAV is a very resistant virus in the environment because of by the absence of envelop. The virus is resistant against denaturation by drying, temperature as high as 56°C and as low as -20°C and acid at pH 3.0 . The virus can also survive in used water for weeks at 20 °C temperature especially if the humidity is low. The virus is neutralized after heating at 70 °C for 4 min and inactivated by radiation, by the glutaraldehyde 2%, formaldehyde and bleach reconstituted and diluted at 1/5 7].

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is one of the well-known viruses that cause hepatitis all around the globe. Although this illness has decreased in developed countries due to extensive immunization, numerous developing and under-developed countries are struggling with this virus. HAV infection can be spread by oral-fecal contact, and there are frequent epidemics through nutrition. Improvements in socioeconomic and sanitary circumstances have caused a shift in the disease’s prevalence worldwide. Younger children are usually asymptomatic, but as they become older, the infection symptoms begin to appear. Symptoms range from slight inflammation and jaundice to acute liver failure in older individuals. While an acute infection may be self-limiting, unrecognized persistent infections, and the misapplication of therapeutic methods based on clinical guidelines are linked to a higher incidence of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and mortality. Fortunately, most patients recover within two months ...

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 1986

Hepatology, 2006

Acute liver failure (ALF) due to hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is an uncommon but potentially lethal illness. The aim of this study was to identify readily available laboratory and clinical features associated with a poor prognosis among ALF patients with HAV infection. The presenting features of 29 adults with anti-HAV IgM positive ALF enrolled in the ALFSG between 1998 and 2005 were reviewed. The HAV patients listed for transplantation by UNOS were also reviewed. Acute HAV accounted for 3.1% of patients enrolled in the ALFSG. At 3 weeks follow-up, 16 had spontaneously recovered (55%), 9 underwent transplantation (31%), and 4 had died (14%). A prognostic model incorporating 4 presenting features (serum ALT <2,600 IU/L, creatinine >2.0 mg/dL, intubation, pressors) had an AUROC for transplant/death of 0.899 which was significantly better than the King's College criteria (0.623, P ‫؍‬ .018) and MELD scores (0.707, P ‫؍‬ .0503). Between 1988 and 2005, the frequency of patients requiring liver transplantation for HAV in the UNOS database significantly decreased from 0.7 % to 0.1% (P < .001). In addition, the proportion of HAV cases enrolled in the ALFSG significantly decreased from 5% to 0.8% (P ‫؍‬ .007). In conclusion, the frequency of HAV patients enrolling in the ALFSG and being listed for liver transplantation in the United States has declined in parallel. A prognostic index consisting of 4 clinical and laboratory features predicted the likelihood of transplant/death significantly better than other published models suggesting that disease specific prognostic models may be of value in non-acetaminophen ALF. (HEPATOLOGY 2006;44:1589-1597

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 2006

International Journal of Medical Laboratory Research , 2018

Aim: Acute viral hepatitis A (HAV) is a major problem in parts of the developing countries. HAV is transmitted enterically and its incidence is high in places where poor hygienic conditions prevail. Most studies in the past have been on liver the primary organ affected by HAV and reports on extrahepatic organs are lacking. The present study was carried out to ascertain the alterations on the haematological, hepatic and renal parameters. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective study and was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in India. Data was analysed in people who expressed known symptoms of HAV and established by Anti-HAV IgM antibody. A total of 22 paediatric and 109 adult people were included in the study and compared with healthy individuals who were tested negative for infectious and chronic diseases. Results: The results indicated that jaundice, vomiting and fever were the predominant clinical symptom seen in both children and adults. There was significant difference in the various haematological, hepatic and electrolyte endpoints (p < 0.05 to 0.0001), while there was no such difference in the renal function test parameters. Conclusion: The present study indicates that acute infection with HAV causes alterations in haematological, hepatic parameters and in the levels of electrolytes in the serum.

Hepatic Medicine: Evidence and Research, 2011