THE FUNCTION OF NOUN PHRASES BETWEEN ALBANIAN AND ENGLISH

2021

A phrase is a word or a group of words that may stand as a single grammatical unit. It can be part of a clause or a sentence with or without any specific meaning. Phrases are mandatory constituents of simple, complex and compound sentences. The syntax of Albanian language has an early beginning, but its development is still an ongoing process. The main issues faced by the syntax of Albanian language have been the terminology, definition and classification of grammar and syntactic units. In the syntax of Albanian language there is a constant process of codification, i.e., definition of units and syntactic categories. Our interest here is the definition of the terms <em>word-group, syntagm, phrase </em>and<em> syntactic constituent</em>. On the other hand, the term <em>phrase</em> is well defined in English language. Clear and timely classification of different types of phrases has facilitated syntactic analysis of clauses and sentences. Phrases and...

World Journal of English Language, 2022

The nominal clause and noun phrases in Albanian and English are in an oppositional relationship. This study makes descriptions of syntactic structure using constituent analysis between the two languages. The question that now emerges is what kind of language is implied by this type of description. Tufte (1971, p.41) rightly noted that “Noun phrases are any and all structures headed by a noun, or by a pronoun, or any other word or structure that stands in for a noun. Thus, even an entire clause may function as a noun phrase”. Furthermore, the fact that phraseological categories coexist or are "projections" of specific word-level categories demonstrates that categories are complex entities. This was originally emphasized in Harris (1951) and was expanded upon by Muysken (1985) and Chomsky (1970).

In Albanian and English we have same kind of sentences (simple, compound or complex sentence). The major of elements or constituents that can be found in clauses are subject, predicate, object, complement etc. For Albanian and English most linguists agree on the needs to recognize at least the following word classes: noun, verb, adjective, preposition, adverb, determinative and conjunction. Each of these words classes is illustrated in the sentence below. The noun or noun phrase can be subject, object, and predicate (…) in the meaning of the structure of syntax. “The kernel sentence, then, has two main parts –a subject and a predicate. The subject consists of noun phrase; the predicate consists of the verb phrase”. We may begin our inquiry into the study of syntax between Albanian and English. There are four main types of sentences: simple, compound, complex and compound complex. By the simple sentence we can see the structure between Albanian and English, too e.g. Maca e mbyeti miun. S (NP) P (VP) O (NP) The cat killed the mouse. S (NP) P (VP) O (NP) Key words: sentence, simple, compound, complex and compound complex.

Functional Structure in DP and IP. The Cartography of …, 2002

Journal of Educational and Social Research

In this study, we will highlight the contrastive aspect of defining the parts of speech between Albanian and English. In this contrastive analysis of the definition of parts of speech between Albanian and English, differences in grammatical terms have been noted, such as the division of parts of speech in Albanian language into variable and invariable parts of speech, in contrast to English, which divides them into closed and open classes. Moreover, throughout this grammatical and semantic research of defining the parts of speech, it is noted that the English language distinguishes eight parts of speech but does not include the numerals and particles, whereas the Albanian language includes them. It is interesting that in the English language, the definitions of the parts of speech, besides the part that are more comprehensive, they also have a more meaningful and logical use of terminology, compared to terminology used to define parts of speech in the Albanian language, which is muc...

Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 2013

This paper introduces a comparative approach to the structural patterns of verbal phraseological units in English and Albanian. The structural criterion brings forth pronounced distinctive features characterising phraseological units and especially contrasting them to free word-groups. In the same way as we speak of word patterns, the structure of phraseological units is also based on certain patterns. In this paper we are going to focus on verbal phraseological units which compared to free word-groups have structural stability, semantic unity and figurativeness. Both languages, English and Albanian are very rich in such phrases and share some similarities. Structural invariability is an essential feature of phraseological units, though, as we shall see, some of them possess it to a lesser degree than others. Structural invariability of phraseological units finds expression in a number of restrictions. The aim of this study is to find out the main restrictions regarding the structure of verbal phraseological units and to give the main structural patterns in both languages. Their structure is contrasted and compared by use of examples in English and Albanian as well.

2016

The task of defining what an idiomatic expression is remains still a rather difficult one. The border between literal and idiomatic expressions is still controversial. The difficulty in defining phraseological unitss is due to several factors. Current treatment of phraseology in specialised registers acknowledges the need for corpus-based studies of the prototypical lexico-grammatical patternings and discourse functions of lexical phrases across disciplines. Thus, the aim of this paper is to deal with some lexical, grammatical and functional features of phraseological units in order to understand their nature and to deal with idiomatization as a process. More precisely, this research study intends to explore prototypical lexico-grammatical features and patterns of phraseological units in English and Albanian. This analysis is based entirely on corpus evidence, since all collocational patterns discussed are extracted mainly from literary texts in both languages, specifically compiled...

1985

The aim of this paper is to describe the internal syntax of Hungarian noun phrases in terms of their immediate constituent structure. The external syntax of NPs, ie their distribution in larger phrases and sentences will be mentioned only in passing–for a more detailed discussion, see Kenesei (1985). Section 1 deals with the lower bar-levels, and Section 2 describes the possessive constructions: the results are summarized as context-free rule schemata in Section 3.

2021

The Albanian language is one of the oldest languages in the Balkans, however was documented very late, around the 15th century. The Albanian language is part of the trunk of Indo-European languages. The oldest language of this trunk is the Sanskrit language. The main and greatest writers of the time, the authors who made the first attempts to study the structure of the grammar of the Albanian language were: Lekë Matrënga, Pjetër Budi, Frank Bardhi and Pjetër Bogdani. The aim of this paper is to highlight the lexicon of old Albanian authors. Our main goal is the realization of the lexical results of the selected authors.

Comparison of the Syntactical Role of Non-FInite Verbs in Albanian and English language.