Effects of Ankaferd on Anastomotic Healing of Colon

2013

Objective: Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS), a mixture of five medicinal plant extracts, has been used historically as a haemostatic agent. The aim of this in vivo study was to investigate the effects of ABS on burn healing using a rat burning model. A total of 24 male Wistar rats were used in this study. Burns were induced in wistar albino rats divided into two groups as following; Group-I was treated with ABS pad. Group-II (negative control) received no treatment (dressing with salin). Prior to burn injury, the animals were anesthesized. Dorsum of each rat was shaved with an electrical clipper and then the area was burned in order to obtain 20 mm in diameter of second degree burn injury. The method depended on contact burn injury using a metal brass heated in boiling water. Three animals of each group were sacrificed on the 3 rd postburn day, and nine animals of each group were sacrified on the 14 th postburn day and samples were collected. The efficacy of treatment was evaluated based on the wound diameter, inflammation, granulation, and fibrosis. Results: There was no significant difference between groups in terms of wound diameter, inflammation, granulation and fibrosis on the third day. Significant differences were found in both groups in terms of wound diameter, wound contraction, inflammation, and fibrosis on the 14 th day. Wound diameter and inflammation were found to be significantly decreased and fibrozis was found to be significantly increased in ABS group. Granulation was found to be no significantly increased in the ABS group than in control one. Conclusion: It may be concluded that ABS is effective in the treatment of burn wound healing. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are necessary to value the benefits and possible adverse effects of the application of this product on burn wound.

International journal of experimental pathology, 1992

Histologic evaluation of intestinal wound healing with and without cytostatics was performed in 36 rats. Variables were the relative position of the wound edges in mucosa and muscularis, necrosis, exudate, granulation tissue, granulocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, restoration of the mucosal epithelium, and repair of the muscularis propria. The relative position of the wound edges in the mucosa and the muscularis in the initial phase of wound healing depended on technique but appeared to improve in the later phases of wound healing. It was not affected by the administration of antineoplastic agents; neither were muscularis repair, epithelial restoration of the mucosa, necrosis, nor exudate. Granulation tissue, fibroblasts and macrophages were present in maximal amounts after 7 days appearing later or showing this maximum at a different moment in time when antineoplastic agents were given. The processes of epithelial and muscularis repair were not influenced by the relative position ...

Medical Principles and Practice, 2009

achieved statistical significance. The mean tissue hydroxyproline level and fibrosis grade also were similar across all 5 groups. Conclusion: In traumatic hemorrhagic shock, anastomosis safety does not appear to be affected by the type of fluid used for resuscitation. Moreover, LR, HES and HS all seemed to reinforce healing as effectively as transfused blood.

Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2014

We investigated the effects of Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) and tripeptide copper complex (TCC) on wound healing in rats. A total of 24 outbred, male, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into (1) ABS, (2) TCC, and (3) control groups. Bilateral experimental wounds were created near the caudal border of the scapula. Each wound in the respective treatment group was treated daily with sponges soaked in ABS solution, topical TCC gel, or saline. On days 0, 7, 14 and 21, unhealed wound area was measured and biopsy samples were taken for histopathological analysis (except day 0). Median time for the first observable granulation tissue was not significantly different in the ABS, TCC, and control groups (5.8, 5.5, and 6.7 days, respectively) (P>0.05). Filling of the open wound with granulation tissue to skin level was significantly slower in the control group than in the ABS and TCC groups (18, 9, and 11 days, respectively). The mean unhealed wound area was significantly smaller and the mean percentage of total wound healing was significantly higher in the ABS-and TCC-treated wounds than in the control wounds on day 7, 14, and 21 (P<0.05); the average time for healing was also significantly shorter in the treatment groups than in the control group (17.4, 16.8 vs. 23.6 days, respectively) (P<0.05). Our results suggest that topical application of ABS and TCC have beneficial effects on wound healing.

International journal of clinical and experimental medicine, 2014

Intestinal obstruction (IO) is an important risk factor for the development of bacteria translocation (BT), a serious condition associated with sepsis and potential mortality. Ankaferd is an herbal extract that is reported to exert anti-hemorrhagic, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, and anti-inflammatory, effects in the intestine. In this study, we employed an animal model of intestinal obstruction to evaluate the effects of Ankaferd in the prevention of bacterial translocation and the suppression of the inflammatory response. Thirty male Wistar Albino rats were allocated randomly to three groups: Group 1 (sham) underwent ileal manipulation alone; Group 2 (intestinal obstruction, IO) underwent complete ileal ligation; Group 3 (intestinal obstruction + Ankaferd blood stopper, ABS) underwent complete ileal ligation and intraperitoneal Ankaferd injection. All rats were euthanized after 24 hours. Blood samples were collected for the measurement of serum oxidative stress parameters and cytok...

Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery, 2010

Background Ankaferd Blood Stopper® (ABS) is a folkloric medicinal plant extract used as a hemostatic agent in traditional Turkish medicine. This experimental study investigated the histopathological and immunohistochemical effects of ABS on vascular tissue in a rat model of aortic bleeding. Methods Four groups of 11 Wistar albino rats were used. The abdominal aortas of the rats were wounded; an ABS-soaked tampon was applied to rats in Groups 1 and 3, and a plain gauze tampon was applied to rats in Groups 2 and 4 until the bleeding stopped. The bleeding time was recorded. Immediately following sacrificing, the arteriotomy sites from Groups 1 and 2 were removed. The abdominal incisions in Groups 3 and 4 were closed following hemostasis. On Day 7 of the study, Group 3 and 4 rats were sacrificed and the abdominal aorta arteriotomy sites were removed for histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation. Results The mean bleeding time in 15 animals in Groups 2 and 4 was 4.9 ± 0.6 s, and in 22 animals in Groups 1 and 3 was 3.1 ± 0.6 s. Distal aortic occlusion was not observed on either Day 1 or 7 in any group. Significantly more widespread and dense endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) staining was observed in Group 1 animals than Group 2. On Days 1 and 7 after application of ABS, histopathological changes, consisting of necrosis, inflammation, and endothelial cell loss, in the rat abdominal aortas did not differ between Groups 1 and 2. The basophilic discoloration in the ABS group on the operation day was a result of a foreign body reaction and hemosiderin-loaded histiocyte accumulation, which occurred on Day 7. Conclusions In this study, hemostasis was successfully achieved with ABS in rat abdominal aortas. No histopathological change was found in the rat abdominal aortas between the ABS and control groups on Days 1 and 7. Further studies on the long-term effects of foreign body reactions and hemosiderin-loaded histiocyte accumulation are required.

Turkish Journal of Hematology, 2011

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the surgical and histopathological hemostatic effects of topical Ankaferd blood stopper (ABS) on major arterial vessel injury related to elevated intra-arterial blood pressure in an experimental rabbit model. Materials and Methods: The study included 14 New Zealand rabbits. ABS was used to treat femoral artery puncture on 1 side in each animal and the other untreated side served as the control. Likewise, for abdominal aortic puncture, only 50% of the aortic injuries received topical liquid ABS and the others did not (control). The experiment was performed under conditions of normal arterial blood pressure and was repeated with a 50% increase in blood pressure. Histopathological analysis was performed in all of the studied animals. Results: Mean bleeding time in the control femoral arteries was 105.0±18.3 s, versus 51.4±9.8 s (p<0.05) in those treated with ABS. Mean blood loss from the punctured control femoral arteries was 5.0±1.5 mg and 1.6±0.4 mg from those treated with ABS (p<0.05). Histopathological examination of the damaged arterial structures showed that ABS induced red blood cell aggregates. Conclusion: ABS administered to experimental major arterial vessel injury reduced both bleeding time and blood loss under conditions of normal and elevated intra-arterial blood pressure. ABS-induced erythroid aggregation was prominent at the vascular tissue level. These findings will inform the design of future experimental and clinical studies on the anti-bleeding and vascular repairing effects of the novel hemostatic agent ABS. (Turk J Hematol 2011; 28: 206-12)

Biomedicine &amp; Pharmacotherapy, 2019

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a major neonatal health problem that especially affects preterm infants and causes severe morbidity and mortality. Although its pathogenesis is not fully understood, important risk factors include prematurity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Ankaferd Blood Stopper® (ABS) has antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, antiapoptotic, and wound healing accelerant properties. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether treatment with ABS reduced the severity of NEC in rat pups in an experimental NEC model. Thirty-six newborn Wistar albino rat pups were randomly assigned to the control, NEC + saline, or NEC + ABS groups. NEC was induced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide, feeding with hyperosmolar enteral formula, and exposure to hypoxia/hyperoxia and cold stress. ABS was administered intraperitoneally to the pups in the NEC + ABS group daily starting on day 1 of the study at a dose of 2 ml/kg by diluting 2 ml with saline at a ratio of 1:3. All pups were sacrificed on day 4. The terminal ileum including the proximal colon was removed for histopathological and immunohistochemical examination and biochemical analysis. Macroscopic assessment and intestinal injury scores were lower in NEC + ABS group compared to the NEC + saline group (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemical evaluations of caspase-3,-8, and-9 revealed significantly reduced apoptosis in the NEC + ABS group compared to the NEC + saline group (p = 0.001). Total oxidant status, oxidative stress index, tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1β levels, and lipid, protein, and deoxyribonucleic acid oxidation products were significantly lower in the NEC + ABS group compared to NEC + saline group (p < 0.001 for all), while total antioxidant status, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase levels were higher in the NEC + ABS group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.01, respectively). ABS treatment has the potential to effectively reduce the severity of intestinal damage in NEC due to its antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. Therefore, NEC may be an alternative option for treatment.

A AB BS S T TR RA AC CT T O Ob b j je ec c t ti i v ve e: : An ka ferd blo od stop per (ABS) is a uni qu e stan dar di zed me di ci nal plant extract which has be en ap pro ved in the ma na ge ment of post-sur gi cal ex ter nal ble e ding and den tal surgery in Tur key. ABS is ob ta i ned from fi ve dif fe rent plants' ex tracts na mely Thymus vul ga ris, Glycyrrhi za glab ra, Vi tis vi ni fe ra, Al pi ni a of fi ci na rum and Ur ti ca di o i ca. The aim of this pa per is to test the ef fects and se arch the un derl ying mo le cu lar mec ha nisms of ABS on the early wo und he a-ling pro cess of ex trac ti on soc ket's soft tis su e in a rat ex pe ri men tal mo del. M Ma a t te e r ri i a al l a an nd d M Me et t h ho od ds s: : Locally bred fe ma le 20 al bi no rats' right and left ma xil lary mo lars we re ex trac ted. On the right si de, 0.2 mL ABS was app li ed on each soc ket, and the left si de was used as the con trol. The ani mals were sac ri fi ced on 1,2,4 and 7 th days. In di rect im mu no his to lo gi cal pro ce du re was per for med on cryo-sec ti ons. Di gi tal ima ges we re cap tu red and qu an ti ta ti ve ima ge analy sis was car ri ed out for va ri o us im mu no his toc he mi cal mar kers; col la gen type 1, col la gen type 3, α-smo oth musc le ac tin, fib ro nec-tin, β 2 mic rog lo bu lin, vas cu lar en dot he li al growth fac tor and, cyclo oxy ge na se-2. R Re e s su ul lt ts s: : Im mu-ne re ac ti vity was aug men ted sta tis ti cally sig ni fi cantly (p<0.05) in va ri o us days for; col la gen type 1, col la gen type 3, α-smo oth musc le ac tin, fib ro nec tin, β 2 mic rog lo bu lin, vas cu lar en dot he li al growth fac tor, Cyclo oxy ge na se-2 and mo no nuc le ar pha gocy te mar ker. C Co on nc c l lu u s si i o on n: : ABS en han ced the number of the cells har bo ring the im por tant mar kers of soft tis su e he a ling as well as the bi o lo gi cal re-ac ti vity of the se cells for the se mo le cu les in the ex trac ti on soc kets. The re fo re this study is im por tant for eva lu a ting wo und he a ling ac ce le ra ting ef fect of ABS. K Ke ey y W Wo or rd ds s: : Wound healing; models, animal; immunohistochemistry; Ankaferd blood stopper Ö ÖZ ZE ET T A Am ma aç ç: : Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) ® , Türkiye'de eksternal kanamalarda kullanılmak üzere onay almış bitki kökenli bir ekstrakttır. ABS, Thymus vulgaris, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Vitis vinifera, Alpinia officinarum ve Urtica dioica isimli beş bitkinin ekstraktından elde edilmektedir. Bu çal-ışmanın amacı deneysel rat modelinde ABS'nin çekim bölgesindeki yumuşak doku yara iyileşmesi üzerine olan etkinliğinin ve bunun mekanizmasının erken safhada değerlendirilmesidir. G Ge er re eç ç v ve e Y Yö ön nt te em ml le er r: : Standart yem ile beslenmiş 20 dişi albino ratın sağ ve sol maksiller molarları çekildi. Sağ tarafta çekim sonrası boş kalan her sokete 0,2 mL ABS uygulandı, sol taraf kontrol grubu olarak bırakıldı. Ratlar 1,2,4 ve 7. günlerde sakrifiye edildi. Kryokesitler üzerinde yara iyileşmesinde görev alan kollajen tip 1, kollajen tip 3, α-düz kas aktin, fibronektin, β2 mikroglobulin, vasküler en-dotelyal büyüme faktörü ve siklooksijenaz-2 indirekt immünohistokimyasal yöntemlerle işaretlenerek, elde edilen veriler üzerinden sayısal analiz yapıldı. B Bu ul lg gu ul la ar r: : Kollajen tip 1, kollajen tip 3, α-düz kas aktin, fibronektin, β2 mikroglobulin, vasküler endotelyal büyüme faktörü, sik-looksijenaz-2 ve tek çekirdekli fagosit immün işaretlenme skorları için elde edilen sonuçlar, çeşitli günlerde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede arttı (p<0,005). S So on nu uç ç: : ABS, çekim soketinde yumuşak doku iyileşmesinin önemli belirteçlerini barındıran hücrelerin sayısını ve bu moleküller açısından biyolojik aktivitesini arttırmaktadır. Bu nedenle çalışma, ABS'nin yara iyileşmesini erken dönemde hızlandırıcı etkisinin değerlendirilmesi açısından önemlidir. A An na ah h t ta ar r K Ke e l li i m me e l le er r: : Yara iyileşmesi; modeller,hayvan; immünohistokimya; Ankaferd kan durdurucu

World Journal of Surgery, 2008

Background Activated protein C (APC) is a serine protease with anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory activities. The delaying effects of intra-abdominal sepsis on wound healing process in colonic anastomoses have been previously demonstrated. This study was designed to investigate the role of APC on wound healing process in left colonic anastomoses in the presence of intra-abdominal sepsis. Methods The left colonic anastomosis was performed in 48 rats that were divided into four groups: (1) shamoperated group, laparatomy plus cecal mobilization (n = 12); (2) sham + APC group, identical to group I except for APC treatment (n = 12); (3) CLP group, cecal ligation and puncture (n = 12); 4) CLP + APC-treated group, 100 lg/kg, 15 min before the construction of colonic anastomosis (n = 12). Anastomotic bursting pressures were measured in vivo on day 7. Tissue samples were obtained for analyses of hydroxyproline (HP) contents, myeloperoxidase (MPO) acivity, malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitrate/nitrite (NO 3-/NO 2-) levels. The plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a), interleukin (IL)-6, and D-dimer also were measured. Results Intra-abdominal sepsis led to significant decreases in colonic anastomotic bursting pressures and tissue HP contents, along with increases in MPO activity, MDA and NO 3-/NO 2 levels, and also plasma levels of TNF-a, IL-6, and D-dimer (P \ 0.05). However, APC treatment led to significant increases in anastomotic bursting pressures and tissue HP ontents, along with decreases in MPO activity, MDA and NO 3-/NO 2 levels, and also plasma levels of TNF-a, IL-6, and D-dimer (P \ 0.05). Conclusions This study clearly showed that APC treatment prevented the delaying effects of intra-abdominal sepsis on colonic anastomotic wound healing process. Further clinical studies are required to determine whether APC has a useful role in the enhancement of anastomotic healing during particular surgeries in which sepsis-induced injury occurs.

Acta Veterinaria Brno

In this study, the effects of Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) and silver sulphadiazine (SSD) cream on burn wound healing were investigated in rats. A total of 24 outbred, male, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to (1) ABS, (2) SSD, and (3) control groups. Bilateral burn wounds were created near the caudal border of the scapula. Wounds in each group were treated daily with sponges soaked in ABS solution, 1% SSD cream, or saline, respectively. On days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28, unhealed wound area was measured and biopsy samples were taken for histopathological examination (except day 0). At the end of day 28, all rats in the ABS and SSD groups had complete coverage of the wounds with granulation tissue and epithelialization, whereas wounds in the control group were not completely epithelialized. On day 7, the mean unhealed wound areas and the mean percentages of wound contraction were not significantly different among the groups. However, the mean percentage of wound contraction in...

Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS), a unique traditional herbal mixture, has been used topically to stop bleeding for centuries in Anatolia. ABS is a standardized mixture of the plants Thymus vulgaris, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Vitis vinifera, Alpinia officinarum, and Urtica dioica. Through its effects on the endothelium, blood cells, angiogenesis, cellular proliferation, vascular dynamics, and cell mediators, ABS is now becoming an official alternative hemostatic medicine for intractable bleedings that are resistant to conventional anti-hemorrhagic measures in Turkey. Furthermore, ABS seems to have a considerable therapeutic benefit, because of its anti-infective, antineoplastic, and wound healing properties, to restore and maintain tissue homeostasis in a variety of diseases. (Altern Med Rev 2010;15(4):329-336)

Bratislavské lekárske listy, 2010

To investigate intra-abdominal, local histopathological and hemostatic effects of Ankaferd (ABS) in an experimental liver injury. Forty rats were randomly assigned to the primary suture group (PS) (n = 15), ABS group (n = 15) and control group (n = 10). A wedge resection was performed on the left lobe of the liver. In the primary suture group, the liver was sutured with polypropylene material, while in ABS group the liver surface was covered with ABS. Adhesion, histo-pathological scores and hydroxyproline levels were measured postoperatively on day 3 and day 15. The mean bleeding time was 7.5 sec shorter in the ABS group (6.5 sec-13.5 sec) and 107 sec shorter in PS group. AST, ALT, total bilirubin and ALP values complete blood count (CBC) did not change. Intra-abdominal adhesions were the same in PS and ABS groups on 3rd (2.20 +/- 1.30 vs 2.0 +/- 1.11) and 15th (1.60 +/- 0.54 vs 1.25 +/- 0.7) days postoperatively. Histopathological scores were better in the ABS group than in the pri...

Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2009

Introduction: Hemorrhage is a leading cause of death after trauma. It is also the major cause of operating room deaths among patients who undergo liver surgery. Various techniques and materials have been attempted to manage bleeding, but a standard method has not been defined yet. We studied the hemostatic effects of Ankaferd Blood Stopper on liver injury in comparison with regenerated oxidized cellulose. Materials and Methods: Thirty Wistar albino rats underwent partial hepatic laceration by scissors. The animals were randomized to the treatment of resected surface with either Ankaferd Blood Stopper ⃝ R (ABS, n = 11) or regenerated oxidized cellulose (Surgicel ⃝ R , n = 9), or were left untreated (controls, n = 10). All the animals were resuscitated with lactated Ringer's solution at 3.3 ml/min/kg to a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 100 mmHg. Survival time, total blood loss, resuscitation volume, and MAP were recorded for 30 min or until death. The rats that were alive at the end of 30 min were sacrificed with blood withdrawal from catheters. Results: Rats in the ABS and Surgicel groups survived significantly longer than rats in the control group (p = .0001). There were no significant differences between the ABS and the Surgicel groups in survival (p = .91). Application of ABS and Surgicel was associated with a significant reduction in blood loss compared to controls (p = .008), with no significant differences between active treatment groups (p = .74). The resuscitation volume was not different. Conclusions: ABS is as effective as Surgicel in achieving hemostasis following partial liver excision in an experimental rat model.

Acta cirúrgica brasileira / Sociedade Brasileira para Desenvolvimento Pesquisa em Cirurgia, 2011

To evaluate the effects of metoclopramide on abdominal wall healing in rats in the presence of sepsis. 40 rats divided into two groups of twenty animals, subdivided into two subgroups of 10 animals each: group (E) - treated with metoclopramide, and saline-treated control group. The two groups were divided into subgroups of 10 to be killed on the 3rd day (n = 10) or day 7 (n = 10) after surgery. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture. We performed also the section and anastomosis in left colon. The synthesis of the abdominal wall was made with 3-0 silk thread. We measured the breaking strength of the abdominal wall and made the histopathological evaluation. on 3rd day postoperative, the average breaking strength in the E group was 0.83 ± 0.66 and in group C was 0.35 ± 0.46 (p = 0.010). On the seventh day, the breaking strength in group E was 11.44 ± 5.07, in group C 11.66 ± 7.38 (p = 1.000). The E7 group showed lower inflammatory infiltration, foreign body reaction, fibrin...