Assessment: Constructing and Evaluating

1 | P a g e https://www.ero.govt.nz/publications/the-collection-and-use-of-assessment-information-good-practice-insecondary-schools/examples-of-good-practice/ Teachers used a range of locally developed and nationally referenced assessment tools to increase their knowledge of students' achievement.

According to Linn and Miller (2005) define assessment as any of a variety of procedures used to obtain information about student performance. Assessment refers to the full range of information gathered and synthesized by teachers about their students and their classrooms (Arends, 1994) Assessment is a method for analyzing and evaluating student achievement or program success. 3. 3. Assessment for Learning Is practiced, students are encouraged to be more active in their learning and associated assessment. The ultimate purpose of assessment for learning is to create self-regulated learners who can leave school able and confident to continue learning throughout their lives. Teachers need to know at the outset of a unit of study where their students are in terms of their learning and then continually check on how they are progressing through strengthening the feedback they get from their learners.

" There are three sides to every story—your side, my side, and the truth. " —JOHN ADAMS The goal of assessment is to collect objective evidence that represents the truth about student performance. In order to assure objectivity the assessment plan must be well grounded in the principles of assessment. The first step in developing an objective assessment plan is to become familiar with the terminology of assessment to facilitate your understanding of the bigger picture. The purpose of this chapter is to review the basic terminology and principles of assessment and provide you with a basic understanding of the framework on which to base an objective and comprehensive systematic assessment plan. These concepts are discussed in detail in subsequent chapters. Many of you are familiar with these terms. Some readers may even prefer to move past this chapter and delve right into the strategies for developing assessment tools. However, as further discussion demonstrates, you cannot start collecting data until your assessment plan is established. Unless you consistently work in the area of assessment, you will find this refresher beneficial. Reviewing this chapter will increase your fluency in the Language of Assessment and your understanding of the proposed guidelines. Assessment Chapter 1, " The Role of Assessment in Instruction, " introduces you to the concept of assessment as the broad and comprehensive process of collecting quantitative and qualitative data to make informed educational decisions about students. It is a process that encompasses the full range of procedures used to obtain information about student

Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 1998

The techniques of constructing tests is the central focus of this book. Conventional assessment items such as multiple choice (Chapter 4), short answer and essay format questions (Chapter 5) are compared and contrasted. Extensive examples are included throughout the text to indicate how to implement the various test items. The advantages and disadvantages of each item type is examined. This book is designed to be a practical guide to test planning and construction and the interpretation of test results. It also provides educators with important fundamental information about assessment and measurement. While in one chapter (Chapter 2) it gives clear and precise advice on the technical aspects of measurement, including descriptive statistics, standard scores, reliability and validity, other chapters consider test planning (Chapter 3), grading techniques (Chapter 7), standardized testing (Chapter 8), and the ethics of student assessment (Chapter 9).

IJMRAP, 2021

This literature based paper provides an understanding of the various forms of assessments conducted at higher education institutions. The paper highlights what assessment is and its purpose before moving into the specific of what each type and purpose of assessment is. The paper discourses on the three main assessment types, which are; diagnostic, formative and summative assessment vis a vis types, implementation, effectiveness and quality. Formative assessment has been dealt with in-depth as the most critical form of assessment in higher education. This paper acknowledges that the main types of assessment (diagnostic, formative and summative) should be maintained at higher education institutions though variations or innovations can occur within the same constructs to enable effective teaching, learning and positive feedback on the learner, the teacher and the systems or processes. The paper concludes and recommends that diagnostic, formative and summative assessment modes all be used in their various types in higher education institutions and could come in the form of individual, group or class work/ tasks; in the form of written, oral, practical, problem based, performance or work placement; where group or class work/ tasks enhances the skills of working and accomplishing together as a team.

Assessment Practices in Education "We plan. We develop. We deliver. We assess and evaluate the results of the assessment. We revise, deliver the revised material, and assess and evaluate again. Perfection is always just out of reach; but continually striving for perfection contributes to keeping both our instruction fresh and our interest in teaching piqued."-E.S. Grassian Assessment is a fundamental element in the process of teaching and learning and is instrumental in enhancing its overall quality. Well designed assessment sets clear expectations, establishes a reasonable workload-one that does not drive students into rote reproductive approaches to study, and offers myriad opportunities for students to self-monitor, rehearse, practise and receive feedback. It is an integral component of a coherent and a sound educational experience. The paper attempts to highlight some of the foundational concepts and principles of assessment, assessment strategies and assessment literacy-in other words, what it is, why it is important to a teacher and how it is practised with reference to a good Language test. We have this notion that assessment often hinders the flow of teaching; but it is not so. There are so many assessment techniques that we consciously and unconsciously incorporate in our teaching strategies, however, at times we are unaware of the specific terminologies that go with them. The term raises some questions in my mind: How good or effective an assessor am I? Am I neglecting assessments while I teach? Am I able to draw a line between a smooth flow of instructions and at the same time keep an eye on the effect of instructions on the learners? Are these one to three hour tests actually valid form of assessment? If a learner fails a test does that mean that his assessment is negative? A commendable aspect of assessment is that it focuses on what students know, what they are able to do, and what values they have when they graduate to higher pastures in their academic journey. Let us not judge our students simply on what they know. That is the philosophy of the quiz programme. Rather let them be judged on what they can generate from what they know — how well they can leap the barrier from learning to thinking.-Jerome Bruner (Harvard Educational Review, 1959) Assessment does not stand in isolation from other acts that are a part of the process of learning, unlearning and relearning. Introducing multifaceted learning strategies in class would open up numerous vistas for learners with multiple intelligences and would certainly validate the process of assessments that are employed by the teachers. There is an urgent need to have a more constructive approach towards assessment planning and strategies.

1985

The idea of assessment as learning is discussed, along with the practical history of assessment, and how student assessments should be conducted. Background information covers the use of assessment in'business and government, as well as in education and psychology. It is proposed that assessment include: multidimensional sampling of students' abilities in action; observation and judgment of those samples on the basis of explicit criteria; and structured feedback, administered sequentially in relation to a learner's development. Each of these elements in turn must contribute to the growth of the students' ability to self-assess. Issues relevant to beginning, intermediate, and advanced learners are identified, and research on criteria, feedback, and self-assessment is reviewed. To help faculty design individual classroom assessments, consideration is given to: determining a specific ability or expected outcome, identifying component abilities, selecting or designing a stimulus and context, attending to developmental levels, developing criteria, providing for self-assessment, and judging performance and giving feedback. Included are guidelines for judging whether criteria are effective and an example of extending assessment beyond the classroom to a wider curriculum context. (SW)