Best Fire-fighting Practices for LNG Bunkering Operations

Journal of international maritime safety, environmental affairs, and shipping, 2020

This paper was to conduct a comparative analysis between two credible marine fuels: LNG and hydrogen from safety perspective. As the first step, a bulk carrier 80,000 DWT Kamsarmax was selected as the case ship, whereas the conceptual design of retrofitting the bunkering system was implemented. In order to gain important insights into risk levels of those fuels associated with bunkering, accidental fire/explosion scenarios were developed, and the potential risks of those adverse situations were quantified. The results were interpreted as a form of the levels of safety zones applicable for bunkering. As the first attempt to compare the risk of two promising marine fuels, this paper is highly believed to give some meaningful insights into proper understanding of risk levels, thereby establishing safety practices and conducting future regulatory frameworks to mitigate those risks accordingly.

The National Marine Safety Committee is developing a new fire safety standard applicable to domestic commercial vessels in Australia. The process involves applying the terms of reference for the standard, reviewing incident data, identifying issues and developing solutions to those issues. This paper discusses observations arising from a study of fire incident data. Specific issues pertaining to fire safety are listed, as well as proposed solutions to those issues.

ASME/USCG 2013 3rd Workshop on Marine Technology and Standards, 2013

Scenario based learning that places you in the various roles within the LNG bunkering process. Understand the knowledge requirements necessary to maximise safety in LNG bunkering operations. Discover how to assess the competency gap between crew, terminal personnel and port staff to mitigate the human element risks in LNG bunkering. Work together to utilize this analysis to determine training that builds upon existing skills, optimizes training times and harmonises with those involved in the operations.

Chemical Engineering Transactions, 2019

According to the international standards ISO 16924, EN 13645 and NFPA 52, LNG fuelling stations need to include a means of containing spilled LNG in order to reduce the possible consequences of a spill. This can be accomplished by placing the LNG-containing installations inside a bund or by draining spills to a retention area remote from the storage area. In some standards, however, an exception to this requirement is provided. The ISO 16924 standard states, for example, that containment of LNG spills from the storage tank and associated equipment is not required if it is demonstrated that the consequences of LNG spills can be safely mitigated without the use of a containment. The EN 13645 standard specifies, on the other hand, that a containment system must only be provided if leaks of flammable liquids are considered to be a possible scenario. As a result of this ambiguity in international standards, local legislation will sometimes prescribe that the construction of a bund or equ...

Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols, 2017

Failure analysis of storage tank component in LNG regasification unit using fault tree analysis method (FTA)

Ocean Engineering, 2018

The globally expanding shipping industry has several hazards such as collision, capsizing, foundering, grounding, stranding, fire, and explosion. Accidents are often caused by more than one contributing factor through complex interaction. It is crucial to identify root causes and their interactions to prevent and understand such accidents. This study presents a detailed review and analysis of fire and/or explosion accidents that occurred in the maritime transportation industry during 1990 to 2015. The underlying causes of fire and/or explosion accidents are identified and analysed. This study also reviewed potential preventative measures to prevent such accidents. Additionally, this study compares properties of alternative fuels and analyses their effectiveness in mitigating fire and explosion hazards. It is observed that Cryogenic Natural Gas (CNG), Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and methanol have properties more suitable than traditional fuels in mitigating fire risk and appropriate management of their hazards could make them a safer option to traditional fuels. However, for commercial use at this stage, there exist several uncertainties due to inadequate studies, and technological immaturity. This study provides an insight into fire and/or explosion accident causation and prevention, including the prospect of using alternative fuels for mitigating fire and explosion risks in maritime transportation. Cover Letter Highlights  A detailed review and analysis of fire and explosion accidents in the maritime transportation industry during 1990 to 2015.  Underlying causes of fire and explosion accidents are identified and analysed.  Study also reviewed potential preventative measures to prevent such accidents.  Study provides deep insight into accident causation and prevention, including the prospect of using alternative fuels for maritime transportation.