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1995, Computers & Education
This paper discusses our experiences in using state-of-the-art software tools in teaching an advanced relational database design course (a previous graduate course in database is the prerequisite for this course), which is taken as an elective by graduate students in the Department of Computer and Information Science at Cleveland State University. As an experiment, the class material was slightly modified to include student exposure to a prototype of current software that uses expert systems information technology (IT) to automate relational database design for microcomputer users at the management level. Surprisingly, the results in terms of student interest, involvement, and inquisitiveness were far better than expected considering the minor changes to the course that were involved. Typically in the past, students in Computer and Information Science departments have approached the study of relational database design solely from the point of view of learning normalization theory. This approach was used to train graduate students to become database administrators. However, more and more the needs of today are for students to be able to understand and certainly be able to use and deal with the latest expert system software in the database area including database design. We feel that database design courses should reflect these needs.
proceedings.informingscience.org
Most universities where students study informational technologies and computer science have an introductory course dealing with the development and design of databases. These courses often include usage of database design tools. In this paper, the #EER tool is presented, the task of which is to make the process of relational databases design easier for the students and partially automatize it. The tool evolved due to the experience in using similar tools for educational purposes. It enables fast and efficient development of the relational database conceptual model and its automatized compilation into a relational model and further to data definition language (DDL) commands. #EER tool is based on the extended entity-relationship (EER) model for conceptual modeling of relational databases. Modular architecture of the tool, the development of which is based on the usage of the design patterns, along with the benefits that its usage brings, is also presented.
Entity Relationship Diagrams (ERD) seems like a dying art, but many proponents believe that they should be the starting point of all software development projects. A new data modeling tool developed by Oracle could change the way data modeling in taught in today's classrooms. The powerful and easy to use tool that supports ERD allows a student to learn the entire cycle from logical to relational and finally to the physical design of the database. We present the way the tool was introduced in an introductory database management class. It is our belief that students can develop a higher level of expertise on the difficult concepts of database modeling and design with the aid of this tool.
Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, 2007
This paper identifies several areas of database modeling and design that have been problematic for students and even are likely to confuse faculty. Major contributing factors are the lack of clarity and inaccuracies that persist in the presentation of some basic database concepts in textbooks. The paper analyzes the problems and discusses ways to minimize them. Specifically, the paper discusses the practical role of normalization in database design, addresses the confusion in representing attributes with repeating values, discusses how to remove inconsistencies in defining relations and first normal form, simplifies the process of identifying candidate keys to normalize relations, clarifies the conditions under which insertion and deletion anomalies may occur, and sheds light on the confusion in defining weak entities. Normalization plays a vital role in both the theory and the practice of database design. The topdown approach popularly used in relational database design creates a conceptual schema that is represented by entity-relationship (E-R) models, and then uses mapping rules to convert the conceptual schema to relation schemas. Because E-R modeling is an intuitive process, errors could occur in identifying entities and their relationships, resulting in un-normalized relations. Unnormalized relations also could result from converting files in legacy systems and spreadsheets to relational tables. Normalization plays a key role in verifying the goodness of design of such relations and in improving the design. The concept of repeating values in relations plays a major role in defining relations and first normal form. Yet, textbooks in general do not distinguish between multi-valued and single-valued attributes in a schema. This lack of clarity may result in conflicting interpretations of the schema. The paper presents a simple solution to the problem. The lack of clarity in defining the terms tables, relations, and first normal form (1NF) in textbooks is another potential source of confusion. Some books define relation as a table with no duplicate tuples, and only atomic values. These books then redundantly define 1NF as a relation with only atomic values. Others define a relation as a table with columns and rows, and state that a relation is in 1NF if each value is atomic. These definitions fail to specify an important requirement of 1NF that there are no duplicate tuples. A third definition of 1NF that fails to include this property is that a table is in first normal form if each value is atomic. A challenging task for many students during the normalization process is checking whether a determinant is a Material published as part of this publication, either on-line or in print, is copyrighted by the Informing Science Institute. Permission to make digital or paper copy of part or all of these works for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that the copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage AND that copies 1) bear this notice in full and 2) give the full citation on the first page. It is permissible to abstract these works so long as credit is given. To copy in all other cases or to republish or to post on a server or to redistribute to lists requires specific permission and payment of a fee. Contact [email protected] to request redistribution permission. Teaching Database Modeling and Design 482 candidate key. The standard method is to check whether every attribute of the relation is functionally dependent on the determinant. The paper presents a method that involves only the determinants, and therefore makes it easier to identify candidate keys. The paper also provides an alternate definition of Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF), which is easier to apply. Discussions in textbooks and other literature on the topic of normalization often give students the impression that data redundancy in un-normalized relations leads to all three types of anomaliesinsertion, deletion, and update. The paper shows that though data redundancy generally results in insertion and deletion anomalies, that is not always the case. The conditions under which insertion/deletion anomalies don't occur are discussed. Guidelines for mapping conceptual schema to relational tables often use the terms strong entity and weak entity to provide separate mapping rules for each. It is shown that the definition of weak entity as presented in many textbooks, however, is inaccurate. These books define weak entity using logical dependence rather than identifier dependence of entities. The paper shows that several database design concepts and techniques commonly are presented inaccurately or ambiguously in textbooks and are problematic for students. However, as presented in the paper, simple solutions exist to minimize students' problems in these areas.
ACM Sigcse Bulletin, 1997
Integrating the practical use of a database product into the theoretical curriculum of a database management course is a challenge, The approach described minimizes the amount of class time that is allocated to teaching students the use of a database product, while providing guidance to the students in the use of the tool. Introduction of the database product is accomplished through cooperative learning, where students help each other learn the intricacies of the system. To facilitate this process, the students are provided with a complete database implementation example. Using this example, students gradually advance from a tutorial exercise, to a step-by-step extension of the example, and finally to more difficult extensions. These self-paced assignments provide a solid foundation for the students' knowledge in the implementation of their own cooperative group project.
2001
This paper describes the development of a second database course for undergraduates, preparing students for the advanced database concepts they will experience in industry. Assuming an introductory course on relational database systems as a prerequisite, the topics addressed in the course include object-oriented data modeling, objectoriented database systems, object-relational database systems, Web access to databases, and professionalism and ethics. We present our experience with teaching the course, elaborating on the topics and assignments. We also present feedback from students and industry partners as well as our own assessment of future course refinements.
IT programs are facing the challenge of integrating coherent programs from topics that are parts of other domains. Database topics have been identified as one of the core areas of an IT curriculum. IT programs have typically adopted Database texts and approaches used in other disciplines. However, there is a current debate in Information Systems and Computer Science about the structure and content of Database courses. With the advent of the World Wide Web and browser-based computing, the use models for both the design and access of database systems have changed radically. Current best practice indicates the use of a multi-tiered deployment model f or systems to facilitate scalability and manageability. Conceptual modeling with UML and a close binding of the system design to the real-world objects greatly reduces the need for traditional normal-form optimizations in relational database designs. The emphasis on use-case driven, iterative system development has changed the dynamics of database design in the system development process. An argument is made that the traditional database curriculum along with much of the traditional operating systems and programming language curriculum should be integrated into a system development sequence that presents the necessary concepts in the context of current system development processes for Information Technology students. We present our proposed curriculum as a work-in-progress to document the IT perspective and to elicit comment from the academy.
This is a tale of two treatments in a research study, with the goal of identifying a method that would improve end-users' understanding of relational data structures and organisation. Following unsatisfactory results from a previous approach, we examined and evaluated the use of Design Research as a framework in which to design, construct and evaluate a suitable tool. The conclusion was that the best approach by far was Design Research.
Earth Science Informatics, 2016
This article describes how practical lectures can be innovated by the experience of a practical case study. The design and implementation of the geographical information system BotanGIS brought several innovations to the study branch Geoinformatics at the Faculty of Science of Palacky University in Olomouc. This article deals mainly with introducing a new practical example into the course Database Systems. This new theme explains the design and inner structure of the relational database BotanGIS. The valuable contribution lies in the way a real database example from practice is explained to the students in the process of education. The instruction started with a visit to the botanical garden and the collection greenhouses. Subsequently, students worked at a computer laboratory, trying to find some information about plants by various queries in the botanical portal BotanGIS. Finally, a detailed model of the relational database was explained. The teacher's experience enriched the students' knowledge in the field of the conceptual database design.
Computers in Human Behavior, 2005
Database design and use has educational interest for utilitarian and learning reasons. Database technology has significant economic impact and the demand for database design can not be covered by the existent educated experts. Furthermore the database management systems available at schools could be used for the design and implementation of high quality learning activities. Databases are general purpose modeling environments that enable problem solving using conceptual frameworks closer to the solver and the problem than the machine architecture. Databases design introduction in the curricula of secondary education programs raises educational research questions. Research questions concern the didactics of the subject as well as the value of database design based learning activities. In this paper we present some of the more significant findings of an action research concerning the database design in secondary education. Research questions concern the ideas of students about databases and their difficulties during database design. Data, collected using a variety of research activities, are analyzed and discussed and teaching strategies are proposed. He has participated in several research projects about the educational use of Information and Communication Technologies while he is Informatics teacher at a vocational public school named 2 nd TEE of Rhodes at Greece and a PhD student at University of Aegean. His research interests include data and procedural modeling, algorithms visualization, and Computer Sciences Education.
International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 2010
Database design is one of the main topics of any introductory database course. Traditionally, for teaching it entity-relationship diagrams (ERD) are used. However, in the last years, Unified Modeling Language (UML) has emerged as an effective modeling tool for database design. In this paper we present a web-based tool designed to give support to teaching and learning conceptual database design using UML class diagrams. The proposed UML environment is an effective tool for formative assessment since it is capable of correcting automatically UML class diagrams exercises providing immediate feedback to the student. The tool is part of a more general framework, denoted ACME, which provides the main functionalities of an e-learning platform. The tool has been used in a first experimental group of an introductory database course
2002
To apply Extended Entity Relationship Model (EER) is a good method for representing requirements on information systems, because of its high level of abstraction. Although it is very close to the user, it is not so trivial when some constructs, such as higher order relationships, are used. This paper describes the characterisation and several important results of an experiment performed at our university in order to show some of the difficulties found when novice students and practitioners use ternary relationships. Some special topics in identifying ternary relationships such as the importance of the domain of text and the intersection data are also investigated. In order to guide and help users in the design task, these results are introduced in PANDORA Case Tool, a research project which tries to serve as a methodological assistance tool.
2010
ACME-DB is a web-based e-learning tool for skills training and automatic assessment of main database course topics. This tool is composed of a set of correction modules each one designed for a specific type of problems. Among them, entity-relationship diagrams, relational database schemas, normalization, relational algebra and SQL. In this paper we describe how ACME-DB has been used in teaching/learning of database design in our university and how it has influenced in the academic results.
Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Conference of Engineering and Implementation on Vocational Education (ACEIVE 2018), 3rd November 2018, North Sumatra, Indonesia, 2019
The global issue of problems in learning and teaching database subjects is a factor causing learning difficulties for students. Various problems of learning and teaching database systems lead to low learning outcomes, lack of learning motivation and lack of modeling and database design skills by students. In addition to teaching errors in managing learning, the models and approaches used in teaching and learning are not appropriate because they are not in accordance with the characteristics of the subjects and characteristics of students. The solution to the problem of learning and teaching database systems from previous researchers is to collaborate learning models based on the relevance between learning models with the characteristics of database subjects and characteristics of students so that database competencies can be fulfilled so that graduates can compete in the work industry.
One objective of a database management course is to enable students to participate in real-world database development processes. This includes hands-on-skills in database modeling and design but also requires a deep knowledge of the underlying technology of database management systems. Due to the relative high maturity and proliferation of database systems it is usually quite easy for students to achieve practical knowledge in accessing and managing database management systems. Providing a learner with conceptual and theoretical knowledge concerning database management systems is usually more diffcult to achieve. Our approach is to deliver tool-mediated activities that engage students in theoretical and conceptual topics.
The normalization of relational database schema is the most important trade-off between database performance and data redundancy. This is also one of the major hurdles among database beginners. This critical topic is not only challenging instructors on how to convey the knowledge correctly, but also challenging students on how to acquire the knowledge efficiently. With this concern in mind, this intelligent tutoring system is created as an additional assistance to both instructors and students. This system can be adopted as an in-class course ware or out-class tutoring system. In this paper, I presented the design and implementation philosophy of the user interface module that is empowering the intended tutoring system to push through learn-by-doing while guiding a student to normalize a relational schema from first normal form into third normal form. The synergistic effect between a tutoring system and a student is also discussed.
Computers & Education, 2010
This paper describes an active method for database design learning through practical tasks development by student teams in a face-to-face course. This method integrates project-based learning, and project management techniques and tools. Some scaffolding is provided at the beginning that forms a skeleton that adapts to a great variety of student-proposed domain projects and emulates the real way of working in database design. We include a quasi-experimental study in which the results of five academic years are analyzed. The first three years a traditional strategy was followed and a course management system was used as material repository. The active method was introduced for the last two years and coexisted with the traditional one. The course management system greatly simplifies the management of the numerous documents produced, the description and scheduling of tasks, the identification of teams, as well as all communication needs. In this study we analyze aspects such as exam dropout rates, exam passing rates, exam marks, and class attendance. Students that followed this active learning approach obtained better results than those that followed a traditional strategy. Besides, the experience of the introduction of such a method in a student subgroup positively influenced the whole group.
IEEE Transactions on Education, 2000
This paper presents a Web-based educational system, ADVICE, that helps students to bridge the gap between database management system (DBMS) theory and practice. The usage of ADVICE is presented through a set of laboratory exercises developed to teach students conceptual and logical modeling, SQL, formal query languages, and normalization. While working on the exercises, students use the system to access real databases, and the system provides them with feedback about their solutions. From the perspective of an instructor, the system allows easy exercise management and continual progress monitoring. The paper also describes a practical experience with the use of ADVICE on a database course over a three-year period.
2016
In this report, we present an example of the re-design of a particular course unit using the ACM Computer Science Curricula 2013, in order to address a concern of a Quality Assurance evaluation made using the same standard. The course unit described in this report is a Databases course unit given in the third semester of Computer Science at Reykjavik University. We first present the process of synthesizing the ACM topics and learning outcomes into a course description and associated learning outcomes. We then present an evaluation of the ACM conformance of the course unit to the ACM learning outcomes, which shows that the objectives of the re-design were met. Finally, we describe the execution of the course unit; in particular how the teacher ensured coverage of the learning outcomes. We believe that the experience of using the ACM curricula for the course re-design was very positive. The major contribution in this work is the process for re-designing learning outcomes according to ...
2009
A web based tool is designed and implemented. This tool is giving an interactive hands-on experience in relational database design such as database normalization process, check the decompositions during normalization that it is lossless or lossy and check for dependency preservation. It act as a tutor for learning relational database design concepts as well as design the information using relational model with insuring all sorts of anomalies. This paper presents the web based tool and its effectiveness in teaching relational data model. The effectiveness of the tool has been evaluated on the basis of number of test cases.
Journal of Accounting Education, 2004
Accounting has often been criticized for providing summarized information that satisfies only a limited number of information views. Relational database models can facilitate the collection of an extensive amount of disaggregated data beyond what is available in the traditional accounting model. The ability to query the database provides the decision maker with more types of information, while avoiding the overload that can occur when too much information is presented that is irrelevant to the decision process of a certain group. This article presents a simple hands-on illustration in Microsoft Access that can be used in accounting courses to provide students with the fundamentals of using the relational database model in meeting the information needs of organizational decision makers.
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