Chemical Properties and Fiber Dimension of Eucalyptus pellita

Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology, 2016

Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell is one of pulp woods that is being developed through breeding plantation programs in Indonesia. The research aimed at exploring the chemical and morphological characteristics of fiber, and to determine the rank of plus trees from 4 provenances based on the suitability for pulps. The materials included the plus trees of E. pellita (9 years) from the 2nd generation of progeny tests in Pelaihari, South Borneo. Wood properties under investigation included the chemical properties and morphological fiber characteristics (fiber dimensions and its derived properties). In the present study, data were analyzed using descriptive statistic, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Pearson's correlation. Results showed that the chemical properties of E. pellita, i.e. the contents of ethanol-toluene extractives, hot water soluble extractives, holocellulose, alphacelullose, and lignin were 3.

The aim of this study was to investigate the fiber properties and pulp and paper-making potential of Eucalyptus globulus grown in Farta Woreda, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. Six trees with an age of eight years were sampled, and sample discs were taken at the bottom (10%), middle (50%) and top (90%) along the tree height, as well as 2x2x2 cm blocks of wood at 10%, 50% and 90% of the disc radius (distance from the pith to the bark of the tree). Fiber properties were determined, and their variation along tree height and transversally from pith to bark was evaluated. The results showed that the overall mean values along tree height and distance from the pith to the bark were 0.77mm for fiber length, 12.38µm for fiber diameter, 2.94µm for cell wall thickness, 8.23µm for lumen diameter, 19.61µm for fiber width, 0.74 for runkel ratio, 39.22% for slenderness ratio, 67.83% for flexibility coefficient, and 0.47 for wall coverage ratio. Fiber length, lumen and fiber diameter, fibe...

The wood material gain or lose moisture from the air based upon the conditions of the surrounding environment because of its hygroscopic structure. For this reason, it is an important issue that it must be dried to required moisture level of end use place to prevent deformations (warping, twisting, throughability etc.) formed in the place of use and reduces the dimensional changes. Effects of natural drying conditions on the eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) wood fiber morphologies were investigated. For this purpose, eucalyptus timber was dried until air-dried moisture level (12%) by natural drying method in two different conditions (indoor and outdoor) in the Eastern Mediterranean climate conditions. According to the obtained results, the fiber morphologies of woods dried in the indoor were found to be higher than woods dried in the outdoor. Farklı ortamlarda doğal kurutulan okaliptüs odununun lif morfolojisinin karşılaştırılması Özet Ağaç malzeme, higroskopik yapısı nedeniyle çevresi ile sürekli rutubet alıĢveriĢi içerisinde bulunur. Bu özelliği nedeni ile kullanım yerinde oluĢabilecek çeĢitli deformasyonları (çarpılma, burulma, oluklaĢma vb.) önlemek ve boyutsal değiĢimi en aza indirmek için son kullanım yerinin gerektirdiği rutubet derecesine kadar kurutulması önemli bir husustur. Bu çalıĢmada; iki farklı ortamda doğal olarak kurutulan okaliptüs (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) kerestelerinin lif morfolojisi üzerine ortam farklılığının etkisi araĢtırılmıĢtır. Bu amaçla, okaliptüs kerestesi iki farklı ortamda (açık ve kapalı) doğal kurutma yöntemi ile Doğu Akdeniz iklim Ģartlarında hava kurusu rutubet derecesine (%12) kadar kurutulmuĢtur. Kurutulan kerestelerden hazırlanan test örnekleri üzerinde yapılan ölçümler sonucu, kapalı ortam Ģartlarında kurutulan okaliptüs kerestesinde lif boyutlarının açık hava Ģartlarında kurutulanlara göre daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiĢtir.

Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research, 2010

A detailed description of wood anatomy is essential for assessing the use of a wood species for processing, and also beneficial for the identification of wood samples. Computerized keys are available that allow the identification of wood samples until the genus level; however, it is not easy to use these keys to identify unknown species. Therefore, a database of anatomical characteristics and the computerized keys need to be completed up to species level. As the relevance, this study has examined the wood anatomical properties of the five corresponding tree species originated from Cianjur, West Java, which are commercially potential for their exploitation, i.e Castanopsis acuminatissima ADC. (Fagaceae); Castanopsis tungurrut ADC. (Fagaceae); Cinnamomum inners Reinw. ex Blume (Lauraceae); Ficus nervosa Heyne (Moraceae) and Horsfieldia glabra Warb. (Myristicaceae). Expectedly the results would be beneficial for wood identification purposes and evaluation for other possible uses. Observations on anatomical structures covered macroscopic and microscopic characteristics were carried out through the sectioned and macerated wood samples. The observed characteristics of the anatomical features were defined conforming to the IAWA List of Microscopic Features for Hardwood Identification. Based on the scrutiny on those observed characteristics and linked to the fiber quality, it was judged that the fiber in all the five wood species could be classified as class I for pulp and paper processing.

2012

In an effort to provide a more accurate tool for verifying wood fiber species composing a pulp and paper products, which can affect the properties of the products, a study was conducted to see whether each wood species’ fiber has distinctive and significant characteristics that can be used for such verification. The study was initiated by collecting fiber characteristics of wood species grown in Indonesia for making pulp and paper, such as Acacia mangium, Acacia crassicarpa and Eucalyptus pelita, and other alternative wood fiber species, including protected wood species. Each wood species to be examined was processed in three different ways to produce three samples. For the first sample the wood was macerated. For the second sample, instead of maceration, the wood was pulped chemically. For the third sample, the wood was pulped and then refined several times. After processing, each sample was photographed and then its shape, morphology, dimensions and the proportion of its dimension...

2019

Wood samples from each of Leucaena leucocephala, Moringa peregrine, Ceiba pentandra and Calotropis procera were macerated using Franklin method to evaluate their suitability as sources of cellulosic fibers (CFs). Chemical and anatomical characterizations of wood as well as its specific gravity (SG) were determinrd. The lignocellulosic resources (LRs) examined differed significantly in relation to all the properties studied. L. leucocephala wood is the best fibrous crop among the species studied due to it had the highest SG, holocelluloses content (HC) and fiber yield (FY) as well as the lowest lignin content (LC) and ash content (AC). M. perigrina had the highest LC, the shortest and the widest fibers. C. pentandra had the lowest total extractives content (TEC) and the longest fibers. Although C. procera possessed the lowest HC and FY and the highest TEC and AC, its utilization as a cellulosic precursor is not closed due to it has the lowest LC. The macerated fibers produced from th...

This paper reports experimental data about wood chemical composition (extractives and lignin content), fibre characteristics, kraft cooking behaviour and papermaking potential of two wood samples of Eucalyptus globulus (one industrial chip sample and another obtained from a clone tree). The samples were submitted to the kraft cooking and bleaching processes in order to evaluate its pulping potential. The experimental results showed that the clone tree requires milder cooking conditions and exhibits higher pulp yield. The pulp fibres obtained from the clone have higher fibre length and fibre width and lower coarseness, which give higher fibre flexibility and collapsibility. In consequence, structural, mechanical and optical properties of paper are significantly different. In addition, we observed that the fibres from the clone tree are weaker than the corresponding fibres from the industrial sample.

Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems, 2022

This work investigated and quantified the physicochemical, structural and morphological properties of four (4) tropical timbers as precursor raw materials for possible utilization in the wood plastic industry. The physicochemical properties of the wood samples such as the bulk and tapped density, moisture content, water absorption capacity at 25˚C, volatile content, fixed carbon, ash content, alpha cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and extractives contents were determined using standard methods like the European Committee for Standardization and (CEN/TS) and the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) standards. The structural and morphological properties of the samples were examined with Fourier Infrared Transform (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results indicated that the bulk density values of the timbers ranged from 0.34 g/cm 3 in Brachystegia eurycoma (W 3) to 0.47 g/cm 3 in Erythrophleum suaveolens (W 2), with the other timbers, Nuclea diderichii (W 1) and Prosopis africana (W 4) having the same bulk density of 0.40 g/cm 3. With respect to their moisture content, W 2 had the highest value (8.38%) while Nauclea diderrichii had the lowest value (6.52%). The water absorption capacities of the woods studied correlated with the cellulose composition of wood in the order of: W 3 > W 1 > W 4 > W 2. The FTIR results showed that W 2 and W 3 presented a slightly more prominent and broader band than the other woods at 1731 cm −1 , in agreement with the higher holocellulose content of these species, while W 2 and W 4 presented the most prominent peaks indicating higher lignin content than W 1 and W 3. The SEM micrographs of the wood flour samples investigated indicated that the surfaces of the woods were rough and heterogeneous with irregular crystal and

Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2014

Fast growing wood species has become more promising as alternative wood sources to solve the gap between wood demand and supply. In this study, we focus on their fiber characteristicsand the wood density to determine their potential utilization. Thirty fast growing species were taken from secondary forest at PT Sari BumiKusuma, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Several hardwood and softwood species, which are commonly used in pulp and paper industries, were used as a comparison.The result showed that these species are low to high density (0.18-0.86). It is interesting to note that the fiber lengths of the 5 wood species were greater than commonly hardwoods, and similar with fiberlengths of softwoods. The fibers of the woods have good runkle ratio and the flexibility values. There were 7 potential species to be used as alternative wood material for pulp and paper:

The main objective of this research was to determine the fibre saturation point of tropical wood. Two different methods were used to achieve this aim: the logarithm of strength properties versus moisture content and volumetric shrinkage-moisture content plot to zero shrinkage. The test included selected wood species from Africa: Opepe, Iroko, African padouk, and Wenge, and South America: American mahogony and Ipe. For comparison, selected domestic wood species of a similar structure – European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) – were also tested. Determination of the fibre saturation point of the selected wood species using two methods delivered similar results (the small differences were not significant). The results showed that, generally, the fibre saturation point of the tropical wood species was lower than in the case of the European wood species. The lowest values of the fibre saturation point were shown by the African padouk and Ipe (approx. 17 %). Moreover, it was found that in the case of the tropical wood, the basic density had a significant influence on the sorption properties of the tested wood species.