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Numerical integration plays very important role in Mathematics. There are a large number of numerical integration methods in the literature and this paper overviews on the most common one, namely the Quadrature method including the Trapezoidal, Simpson's and Weddle's rule. Different procedures are compared and tried to evaluate the more accurate values of some definite integrals. Then it is sought whether a particular method is suitable for all cases. A combined approach of different integral rules has been proposed for a definite integral to get more accurate value for all cases.
Applied Mathematics and Sciences: An International Journal, 2019
The main goal of this research is to give the complete conception about numerical integration including Newton-Cotes formulas and aimed at comparing the rate of performance or the rate of accuracy of Trapezoidal, Simpson's 1/3, and Simpson's 3/8. To verify the accuracy, we compare each rules demonstrating the smallest error values among them. The software package MATLAB R2013a is applied to determine the best method, as well as the results, are compared. It includes graphical comparisons mentioning these methods graphically. After all, it is then emphasized that the among methods considered, Simpson's 1/3 is more effective and accurate subdivision is only even the when the condition of for solving a definite integral.
In this paper, a new modified algorithm is derived for combined numerical integration. Numerical integration is used to evaluate definite integral which cannot be evaluated analytically. In order to obtain higher order accuracy in the solution, mostly higher order quadrature rules are used which also introduces rounding off errors. In order to mitigate such errors, it has been proposed to use a combination of lower order rules to improve the accuracy and reduce error. Several definite integrals have been approximated and the results have been compared with the existing rules and a rule proposed by (Md.Amanat Ullah, 2015). The rules from the closed quadrature family, namely, Weddle's rule, Boole's rule, Simpson's rule and Trapezoidal rule have also been used. It has been found that the new proposed modified algorithm attains improved order of accuracy in comparison of the existing rules and the rule of Md.Amanat Ullah for a fixed number of subintervals.
SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL (SCIENCE SERIES), 2019
In this paper, a new modified algorithm is derived for combined numerical integration. Numerical integration is used to evaluate definite integral which cannot be evaluated analytically. In order to obtain higher order accuracy in the solution, mostly higher order quadrature rules are used which also introduces rounding off errors. In order to mitigate such errors, it has been proposed to use a combination of lower order rules to improve the accuracy and reduce error. Several definite integrals have been approximated and the results have been compared with the existing rules and a rule proposed by (Md.Amanat Ullah, 2015). The rules from the closed quadrature family, namely, Weddle's rule, Boole's rule, Simpson's rule and Trapezoidal rule have also been used. It has been found that the new proposed modified algorithm attains improved order of accuracy in comparison of the existing rules and the rule of Md.Amanat Ullah for a fixed number of subintervals.
The concept of mixed quadrature rules has been used for construction of such types of rules of precision 5, 7, and 9. The error associated with these rules has been analyzed and some definite real integrals have been approximately evaluated by the rules and found to yield good approximation to the exact values of the integrals otherwise obtained.
Pure and Applied Mathematics Journal, 2020
In this paper, we mainly propose the approximate solutions to solve the integration problems numerically using the quadrature method including the Trapezoidal method, Simpson's 1/3 method, and Simpson's 3/8 method. The three proposed methods are quite workable and practically well suitable for solving integration problems. Through the MATLAB program, our numerical solutions are determined as well as compared with the exact values to verify the higher accuracy of the proposed methods. Some numerical examples have been utilized to give the accuracy rate and simple implementation of our methods. In this study, we have compared the performance of our solutions and the computational attempt of our proposed methods. Moreover, we explore and calculate the errors of the three proposed methods for the sake of showing our approximate solution's superiority. Then, among these three methods, we analyzed the approximate errors to prove which method shows more appropriate results. We also demonstrated the approximate results and observed errors to give clear idea graphically. Therefore, from the analysis, we can point out that only the minimum error is in Simpson's 1/3 method which will beneficial for the readers to understand the effectiveness in solving the several numerical integration problems.
The numerical integration of polynomial functions is one of the most interesting processes for numerical calculus and analyses, and represents thus, a compulsory step especially in finite elements analyses. Via the Gauss quadrature, the users concluded a great inconvenience that is processing at certain points which not required the based in finite element method points for deducting the form polynomials constants. In this paper, the same accuracy and efficiency as the Gauss quadrature extends for the numerical integration of the polynomial functions, but as such at the same points and nods have chosen for the determination of the form polynomials. Not just to profit from the values of the polynomials at those points and nods, but also from their first derivatives, the chosen points positions are arbitrary and the resulted deducted formulas are therefore different, as will be presented bellow and implemented.
Journal of Engineering Advancements
Newton-Cotes integration formulae have been researched for a long time, but the topic is still of interest since the correctness of the techniques has not yet been explicitly defined in a sequence for diverse engineering situations. The purpose of this paper is to give the readers an overview of the four numerical integration methods derived from Newton-Cotes formula, namely the Trapezoidal rule, Simpson's 1/3rd rule, Simpson's 3/8th rule, and Weddle's rule, as well as to demonstrate the periodicity of the most accurate methods for solving each engineering integral equation by varying the number of sub-divisions. The exact expressions by solving the numerical integral equations have been determined by Maple program and comparisons have been done using Python version 3.8.
2016
In this paper, we introduce a mixed quadrature of Fejer’s second rule and Gaussian rule for numerical integration over the standard triangular surface: {(x, y)| 0 ≤ x, y ≤ 1, x + y ≤ 1} in the Cartesian two-dimensional (x, y) space. Mathematical transformation from (x, y) space to (ξ, η) space maps the standard triangle in (x, y) space to a standard 2-square in (ξ, η) space: {(ξ, η)| − 1 ≤ ξ, η ≤ 1}. The relative efficiencies of this rule have been numerically verified on test integrals. Asymptotic error estimate of this rule has been determined.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF PURE AND …, 2000
Applied Mathematics and Computation, 2007
In MATLAB environment, a new quadrature routine based on Gaussian quadrature rule has been developed. Its performance is evaluated for improper integrals, rapidly oscillating functions and other types of functions requiring a large number of evaluations. This performance is compared against the other quadrature routines written for MATLAB in terms of capability, accuracy and computation time. It is found that our routine rates quite favourably.
Pure and Applied Mathematics Journal, 2020
In this paper, we mainly propose the approximate solutions to solve the integration problems numerically using the quadrature method including the Trapezoidal method, Simpson's 1/3 method, and Simpson's 3/8 method. The three proposed methods are quite workable and practically well suitable for solving integration problems. Through the MATLAB program, our numerical solutions are determined as well as compared with the exact values to verify the higher accuracy of the proposed methods. Some numerical examples have been utilized to give the accuracy rate and simple implementation of our methods. In this study, we have compared the performance of our solutions and the computational attempt of our proposed methods. Moreover, we explore and calculate the errors of the three proposed methods for the sake of showing our approximate solution's superiority. Then, among these three methods, we analyzed the approximate errors to prove which method shows more appropriate results. We also demonstrated the approximate results and observed errors to give clear idea graphically. Therefore, from the analysis, we can point out that only the minimum error is in Simpson's 1/3 method which will beneficial for the readers to understand the effectiveness in solving the several numerical integration problems.
In this paper, three quadrature rules for numerical integration are compared: - Boole's rule (Newton-Cotes formula of 4-th order); - Gauss-Legendre; - Tanh-Sinh (Double exponential formula). These rules are applied to the same function, and with the same number of nodes. Calcpad mathematical and engineering platform are used for the calculations. Then, the obtained approximation errors are compared.
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 2015
In this paper, two mixed quadrature rules (I and II) are constructed for approximating the evaluation of numerical integration, by blending Cleanshaw-Curtis five point rule of precision five with another two quadrature rules (five point Fejer’s second rule and Boole’s rule) of same precision, provided that the new constructed rules are of precision seven. In addition, another mixed quadrature rule (III) has been formed by taking the combination of two newly formed quadrature rules (I and II). Moreover, errors of the constructed rules are analyzed and approximated.
Symmetry
In this research, some new and efficient quadrature rules are proposed involving the combination of function and its first derivative evaluations at equally spaced data points with the main focus on their computational efficiency in terms of cost and time usage. The methods are theoretically derived, and theorems on the order of accuracy, degree of precision and error terms are proved. The proposed methods are semi-open-type rules with derivatives. The order of accuracy and degree of precision of the proposed methods are higher than the classical rules for which a systematic and symmetrical ascendancy has been proved. Various numerical tests are performed to compare the performance of the proposed methods with the existing methods in terms of accuracy, precision, leading local and global truncation errors, numerical convergence rates and computational cost with average CPU usage. In addition to the classical semi-open rules, the proposed methods have also been compared with some Gau...
This article deals with the numerical integration techniques in new way. We develop a new quadrature rule for numerical integration. Apart from all existing rule which uses vertical stripes in different ways to find the area under the curve. In this study, we use small circles to approximate it. Though the approximation in this rule is very rough, however the formulae consist the mathematical constant . We also evaluate the error of this formula.
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2013
Integration basically refers to anti differentiation. Some simple applications of integration include calculating the area under a curve or volume of curves revolution. There are two main reasons for numerical integration: analytical integration may be impossible or infeasible, and in integrating tabulated data rather than known functions. There are several numerical methods to approximate the integral numerically such as through the trapezoidal rule, Simpson's 1 3 method, Simpson's 3 8 method and Gauss Quadrature method. Solving numerical integral through the Gauss Quadrature method leads to complicated function calculation which may yield wrong results. Hence, there is a need to design a suitable tool in teaching and learning the numerical methods, especially in Gauss Quadrature method. Here, we present a new tip to approximate an integral by 2-point and 3-point Gauss Quadrature methods with the aid of the Casio fx-570ES plus scientific calculator. In doing so, we employed the CALC function into the Casio fx-570ES plus scientific calculator to calculate the complicated function calculation results from Gauss Quadrature method. It is found that the way suggested here is faster than the normal direct calculation and the solution obtained is significantly more accurate. We conclude that the new tip increases the interest of students in learning the numerical integral by Gauss Quadrature method. .
A new double numerical integration formula based on the value of integrated function and first order derivative of the integrable function was proposed. Different from the traditional mechanical quadrature formula, contibuted integral function and first order derivative of the integral function. Four nodes are selected appropriately in the integral interval. Used the value of function and first order derivative, constructed a new numerical integration formula that achieve seven order algebraic precision. Then analysed the algebraic precision、 remainder、stypticity and stability of the formula. Then generalized the formula into double integral. In the end, according to the two typical examples vertified the formula's validity and fesibility. This formula enrich the content of numerical calculation. Provided a new method for solving double numerical integrations.
Bulletin of Pure & Applied Sciences- Mathematics and Statistics, 2015
A mixed quadrature rule of blending Clenshaw-Curties five point rule and Gauss-Legendre 3 point rule is formed. The mixed rule has been tested and found to be more effective than that of its constituent Clenshaw-Curtis five point rule for the approximate evaluation of the integral of an analytic function over a line segment in complex plane. An asymptotic error estimate of the rule has been determined and the rule has been numerically verified.
A mixed quadrature rule of blending Clenshaw-Curties five point rule and Gauss-Legendre 3 point rule is formed. The mixed rule has been tested and found to be more effective than that of its constituent Clenshaw-Curtis five point rule for the approximate evaluation of the integral of an analytic function over a line segment in complex plane. An asymptotic error estimate of the rule has been determined and the rule has been numerically verified.
Numerical Algebra, Control & Optimization, 2021
A novel quadrature rule is formed combining Lobatto six point transformed rule and Gauss-Legendre five point transformed rule each having precision nine. The mixed rule so formed is of precision eleven. Through asymptotic error estimation the novelty of the quadrature rule is justified. Some test integrals have been evaluated using the mixed rule and its constituents both in non-adaptive and adaptive modes. The results are found to be quite encouraging for the mixed rule which is in conformation with the theoretical prediction.
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