New Lightweight DES Variants

IEEE access, 2024

The AES (Advance Encryption Standard) has made the development of new block ciphers unnecessary; it is now the de facto standard for most uses of block ciphers. However, the AES is still not well-suited for very limited contexts like RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) tags and WSN(Wireless Sensor Networks), despite recent implementation advancements. In this study, we present SHC (Simple Hybrid Cipher), a new block cipher that uses a 64-bit block length and a 128-bit key length. It offers a hardware implementation that efficiently uses limited resources, making it ideal for use as a sensor in a WSN or an RFID tag. The core function of SHC depends on S-Box-based, composite field arithmetic technology, as it consumes relatively low cost on hardware implementation while still providing sufficient security as a solid encryption algorithm. The hardware implementation of SHC-64 requires 949 LUTs; it generates a maximum operating frequency of 515.995 MHz on the Xilinx-powered Artix-7 Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) development board. At the same time, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) recommended standard algorithm AES consumes 3645 LUTs and generates a maximum operating frequency of 277.369 MHz. The SHC-64 cipher also shows resistance against known cryptanalytics attacks.

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2007

With the establishment of the AES the need for new block ciphers has been greatly diminished; for almost all block cipher applications the AES is an excellent and preferred choice. However, despite recent implementation advances, the AES is not suitable for extremely constrained environments such as RFID tags and sensor networks. In this paper we describe an ultra-lightweight block cipher, present. Both security and hardware efficiency have been equally important during the design of the cipher and at 1570 GE, the hardware requirements for present are competitive with today's leading compact stream ciphers.

The International Conference on Electrical Engineering, 1999

Data Encryption Standard (DES) has been broken [1]. The classical alternative, triple-DES, is too expensive for many users, taking three times the computation of DES itself [1]. Therefore, the modified-I/O DES has been presented. The modified-I/O DES is based on DES but it is stronger than DES itself. It uses 120 bits key length and it is much faster than triple-DES.

Journal of Cryptographic Engineering

Embedded Systems are deployed in various domains, including industrial installations, critical and nomadic environments, private spaces and public infrastructures. Their operation typically involves access, storage and communication of sensitive and/or critical information that requires protection, making the security of their resources and services an imperative design concern. The demand for applicable cryptographic components is therefore strong and growing. However, the limited resources of these devices, in conjunction with the ever-present need for smaller size and lower production costs, hinder the deployment of secure algorithms typically found in other environments and necessitate the adoption of lightweight alternatives. This paper provides a survey of lightweight cryptographic algorithms, presenting recent advances in the field and identifying opportunities for future research. More specifically, we examine lightweight implementations of symmetric-key block ciphers in hardware and software architectures. We evaluate 52 block ciphers and 360 implementations based on their security, performance and cost, classifying them with regard to their applicability to different types of embedded devices and referring to the most important cryptanalysis pertaining to these ciphers.

Journal of Advances in Mathematics and Computer Science

After explicitly observing the design criteria of two popular block ciphers, namely PRESENT and GIFT, we have proposed a new S-box that would be useful for designing a new light-weight block cipher, we name it as ULBC. The primary goal of the S-Box is to reduce the implementation cost, and make it cheaper than the two block ciphers GIFT and PRESENT. In this design, we have also developed a new property like BOGI which would be extremely helpful in building light-weight block ciphers. Depending on this property we can appropriately design permutation layer, such that no bad output will go bad input. ULBC is composed of a S-box, associated bit wiring and key schedule. Also, we have produced some of cryptanalytic attacks to assure certain security level. We have used two different methods to calculate differential characteristics and linear approximation. By using *-DDT method we have produced tight bounds of them. We find that 24 rounds are sufficient to resist some cryptanalytic atta...

2006

In this paper, we propose a new block cipher HIGHT with 64-bit block length and 128-bit key length. It provides low-resource hardware implementation, which is proper to ubiquitous computing device such as a sensor in USN or a RFID tag. HIGHT does not only consist of simple operations to be ultra-light but also has enough security as a good encryption algorithm. Our hardware implementation of HIGHT requires 3048 gates on 0.25 μm technology.

2007

With the establishment of the AES the need for new block ciphers has been greatly diminished; for almost all block cipher applications the AES is an excellent and preferred choice. However, despite recent implementation advances, the AES is not suitable for extremely constrained environments such as RFID tags and sensor networks. In this paper we describe an ultra-lightweight block cipher, present. Both security and hardware efficiency have been equally important during the design of the cipher and at 1570 GE, the hardware requirements for present are competitive with today's leading compact stream ciphers. 1

M.tech scholar (VLSI),

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2001

Since Power Analysis on smart cards was introduced by Paul Kocher [7], many countermeasures have been proposed to protect implementations of cryptographic algorithms. In this paper we propose a new protection principle: the transformed masking method. We apply this method to protect two of the most popular block ciphers: DES and the AES Rijndael. To this end we introduce some transformed S-boxes for DES and a new masking method and its applications to the non-linear part of Rijndael.

International Journal of Information and Computer Security, 2020

The exploration of interconnected devices, embedded devices, sensors, and various network-connected devices helps to communicate each other and exchange communications. These devices overcome with security threats related to privacy and data exchange over billions of devices are interconnected. Lightweight block ciphers aim to provide a feasible solution for power-constrained devices which includes Radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags, ubiquitous computing, wireless sensor network, aggregation network and IoT. In this paper, we have implemented a lightweight block cipher compact, secure, and lightweight (CSL). It operates on 64-bit block size, and key size varies from 64-bit to 128-bit key for encryption and decryption. The hardware implementation of CSL algorithm was thrived using field programmable gate array (FPGA) architecture. A pipelined design of compact S-boxes implemented on Digilent Nexys 4 DDR Artix™-7 board. Our experimental results of CSL consumes 1145 LUTs (Lookup Tables) and has fewer memory requirements. CSL shows resistant against various cryptanalytic attacks.