Dietary factors and stomach cancer mortality

Journal of Epidemiology, 2005

C16.9 for ICD-10. Informed consent was obtained from each subject. To participate in the study, an individual's informed consent was obtained in 36 out of 45 areas (written consent in 35 areas and oral consent in 1 area), though in 9 areas, group consent from head of the area was obtained. Dietary questionnaire The dietary section of the questionnaire was a 33 item food frequency questionnaire dealing with on the usual consumption of food and beverages. Frequency consumption of 33 foods was classified into five categories (almost never, less than once or twice per month, once or twice per week, three or four times per week, or almost daily). Food items of vegetables and fruits include spinach, carrot/pumpkin, tomato, cabbage, Chinese cabbage, edible wild plants, fried vegetables, mandarin orange, fresh fruit juice, and others fruits. Regarding four beverages (coffee, black tea, green tea, and oolong tea), participants were asked to choose one of five categories (almost never, 1 to 2 cups per month, 1 to 2 cups per week, 3 to 4 cups per week, or almost daily). Additionally, if they take these beverages almost daily, they were also asked to report the number of cups. For miso soup, the frequency of consumption (almost never, several times per month, every other day, or almost daily) was asked, and the number of cups per day was obtained if subjects chose the category of 'almost daily'. Alcohol intake was based on the usual weekly intake of Japanese sake, beer, wine, whiskey and distilled spirits among current drinkers. In the above described foods, data of some food items were not collected in a few study areas because a different questionnaire was used there. Data analysis Proportional hazard model was used to determine hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of stomach cancer for different levels of the dietary intakes. Analyses were conducted separately for males and females. Statistical significance (two sided) was based on the ratio of the regression coefficient and its standard error. Statistical analysis (PHREG procedure) was performed by the Statistical Analysis System ® (SAS institute, 1983).

Cancers, 2020

An increased risk of gastric cancer for pickled vegetable and salted fish intake has been suggested, yet the lack of a dose-response association warrants a quantitative analysis. We conducted a meta-analysis, combining results from our analysis of two large Korean cohort studies and those from previous prospective cohort studies. We investigated the association of pickled vegetable and salted fish intake with gastric cancer in the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study and the Korean Multi-center Cancer Cohort Study using Cox proportional hazard models. We then searched for observational studies published until November 2019 and conducted both dose-response and categorical meta-analyses. The pooled relative risk (RR) of gastric cancer incidence was 1.15 (95% Confidence Interval (CI), 1.07–1.23) for 40 g/day increment in pickled vegetable intake in a dose-response manner (P for nonlinearity = 0.11). As for salted fish intake, the pooled risk of gastric cancer incidence was 1.17 (95% CI, 0....

International Journal of Cancer, 1988

A case-control study focusing on the role of single food items was undertaken in the Heilongjiang area, 241 patients with histologically verified stomach cancer and an equal number of controls (with non-neoplastic diseases) matched by age, sex and area of residence being interviewed during a 2-year period. Questions asked covered economic status, occupation, histories of smoking and drinking, diet and dietary habits and disease history. Data concerning the average frequency and quantity of consumption of single food items were obtained by the same interviewer. An inverse association between the consumption of vegetables and stomach cancer was observed whereas high intake of potatoes and of salted and fermented soya paste appeared to be high-risk factors. Specifically, Chinese cabbage plays an important role in reducing the risk of developing stomach cancer.

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 2020

Objective: This study investigated the association between fruit and vegetable intake and stomach cancer, with considering the impacts of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and tobacco smoking. Methods: A case-control study featuring 80 male incident stomach-cancer cases and 146 male controls was conducted in a general hospital in Viet Nam. A semi-quantitative food frequency and demographic lifestyle questionnaire were used; and venous blood samples were collected to determine H. pylori status by IgG ELISA. The respective associations between fruit and vegetable intake and stomach cancer were examined using unconditional logistic regression analysis with adjustments for possible cofactors. Results: Fruit intake and stomach cancer showed a weak inverse association when this became non-significant after adjusting for H. pylori infection (OR = 0.50, 95%CI: 0.22-1.12, p trend = 0.094). Stratifying by H. pylori status returned a negative trend for fruit intake and stomach cancer among H. pylori-negative participants (OR = 0.21, 95%CI: 0.06-0.69, p trend = 0.010), but no significant interaction for H. pylori-positive participants (OR = 0.76, 95%CI: 0.21-2.68, p trend = 0.670). Vegetable intake and stomach cancer showed no association, regardless of H. pylori status. Compared to ever-smokers with low intake, never-smokers with high vegetable (OR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.06-0.95) and fruit intake (OR = 0.20, 95%CI: 0.06-0.65) showed the lowest odds of stomach cancer. Conclusions: Fruit, but not vegetable, intake showed a weak inverse association with stomach cancer. H. pylori infection and tobacco-smoking status may influence the protective effects of fruit and vegetable intake on stomach cancer.

Cancer Causes and Control, 1991

A hospital-based, multicenter, case-control study has been performed in Poland covering 741 incident stomach-cancer cases (520 males and 221 females) and the same number of controls. All stomach-cancer diagnoses were evaluated for histologic type according to the Lauren criteria. Fifty-one percent were of the intestinal type, 35 percent of the diffuse type, and 8.5 percent of the mixed type. The frequency of consumption of individual food items and several food groups was analyzed and the association of various foods with stomach cancer risk was evaluated after controlling for sex, age, occupation, education, and residency. Increased consumption of sausages was related significantly to gastric cancer risk, whereas increased consumption of cheese products, nonwhite bread, vegetables, and fruit was associated with decreased risk. A particularly strong decrease in risk was associated with consumption of radishes and onions. When consumption of fruits and vegetables, sausages, nonwhite bread, and cheese were introduced simultaneously in a multivariate model, independent effects were found only for fruit and vegetables, sausages, and nonwhite bread. The use of table salt, the frequency of eating hot meals, and an irregular eating pattern were also associated with increased risk, while additional consumption of fruit between meals showed reduced risk. If a reduction in vegetable and fruit consumption took place after marriage, an increased risk for stomach cancer was found, whereas augmented consumption of these food items after marriage decreased the risk. Separate risk models were calculated for stomach cancer of the intestinal and diffuse types, but both histologic varieties showed the same pattern of associations with dietary risk factors.

Cancer, 1990

A case-control study of diet and stomach cancer was conducted in Ankara, Turkey, between December 1987 and March 1988. One hundred patients with adenocarcinoma of the stomach were matched with 100 control subjects according to age, sex, and residential area. A dietary questionnaire was administered to all subjects by one of the authors. Gastric cancer patients consumed less fresh fruit and yellow-green vegetables (P < 0.000~) and meats (P < 0.001), and more salted food (P < 0.001), condiments (P < o . o O O~) , and salt (P < 0.001) compared with the control group. Twenty-four percent of the gastric cancer patients and 4% of the controls had no refrigerator (P < 0.000~). There was no difference between the two groups with regard to the consumption of starches, fried foods, cereals, milk, dairy products, tea, alcohol, and tobacco. Stomach cancer patients brushed their teeth less frequently (P < 0.000~) and had more deficient teeth (P < 0.000~) compared with the control group. Cancer 65:2344-2348,1990.

Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2001

Frequent consumption of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains has been associated with a reduced risk of stomach cancer in the majority of case-control studies of these factors: however, prospective studies have been less consistent. We examined the association between selected major food groups (citrus fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and processed meats) and risk of fatal stomach cancer in the Cancer Prevention Study (CPS) II cohort of 1.2 million United States men and women. During 14 years of follow-up, we documented 439 stomach cancer deaths in women and 910 in men after exclusion of individuals with prevalent cancers, inadequate diet information, and recent weight loss at baseline in 1982. After controlling for other risk factors, none of the food groups examined were associated with risk of stomach cancer except for an unexpected increased risk with vegetable consumption in women [relative risk (RR) = 1.25; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.99-1.58; highest versus lowest tertil...

International Journal of Cancer, 1985

Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 2006

Background: Whether fruit and vegetable consumption may confer protection from gastric cancer remains controversial. Methods: We prospectively investigated the association between consumption of fruits and vegetables and the incidence of gastric cancer among participants from two population-based cohort studies: 36,664 women in the Swedish Mammography Cohort and 45,338 men in the Cohort of Swedish Men. Participants completed a foodfrequency questionnaire in 1997 and were followed up for cancer incidence through June 2005. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate multivariate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: During a mean follow-up of 7.2 years, we ascertained 139 incident cases of gastric cancer. Vegetable consumption was inversely associated with risk of gastric cancer, whereas no significant association was observed for fruit consumption. After controlling for age and other risk factors, women and men who consumed z2.5 servings/d of vegetables had a HR of 0.56 (95% CI, 0.34-0.93) for developing gastric cancer compared with those who consumed <1 serving/d. The respective HR for fruit consumption was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.52-1.43). Among specific subgroups of vegetables, consumption of green leafy vegetables and root vegetables was inversely associated with risk of gastric cancer; the multivariate HRs comparing z3 servings/wk with <0.5 serving/wk were 0.64 (95% CI, 0.42-0.99) for green leafy vegetables and 0.43 (95% CI, 0.27-0.69) for root vegetables. Conclusions: Frequent consumption of vegetables may reduce the risk of gastric cancer.

Nutrition and Cancer, 2004