CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background to the Study

Msingi Journal

This paper evaluates the state of education as a human right and demonstrates that it is possible to implement and ultimately protect the right to education within a domestic context. Despite its importance, the right to education has received limited attention from scholars, practitioners and international and regional human rights bodies as compared to other economic, social and cultural rights (ESCRs). NGOs have been increasingly interested in using indicators to measure and enforce a state‘s compliance with its obligations under international human rights treaties. Education is one of the few human rights for which it is universally agreed that the individual has a corresponding duty to exercise this right. This paper first of all draws up an inventory of the many international instruments which mention the right to education and analysethem in order to obtain a more precise idea of the content of this right, which often appears blurred. The paper also discusses the right to edu...

Contemporary Educational Researches Journal , 2017

The right to education is a fundamental human right proclaimed by Articles 13 and 14 of the United Nations International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966). Ratifying this document, state parties fully agree ‘that education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and the sense of its dignity, and shall strengthen the respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms’. The right to education is considered as a fundamental human right in a series of other 20th century international documents, which guarantee and protect this right for everyone, irrespective of race, colour, religion, gender, social status, etc. This paper aims to respond to questions on the observance of this right and whether it has been limited. The research is based on international documents that regulate this specific category, as well as on the respective legislation and practice within educational institutions in the Republic of Macedonia.

According to the United Nations, education is a right to which all human beings are entitled. Since 2000, the UN has been promoting the Millennium Development Goal to achieve free universal primary education for all, regardless of gender, by 2015. If the UN is correct to suggest that education is both a human right in itself and an indispensable means of realizing other human rights, then there is an important need to question the role that governments should play to support the institutional reforms necessary to achieve basic primary education for all. Moreover, there is an important need to question the role all individuals should play to ensure that the institutional structure dedicated to the provision of basic primary education is set up not only to provide children with access to a vague notion of education but to a notion of basic education that can provide children with the freedom to do something with that education once they have obtained it.

2014

One witnesses unprecedented disparities in access to education in terms of educational attainments. This constitutes a major limitation on the realization for the right to education without discrimination or exclusion. It calls for greater emphasis upon the fulfi llment of State obligations to ensure that the fundamental principle of equality of opportunity in education which is common to almost all international human rights treaties is given effect to. It also calls for intensifying normative action with emphasis on affirmative action and social protection measures for achieving equality of opportunities in education, both in law and in fact. A strong regulatory framework for public and private education systems grounded in the principle of equality of opportunity provides the essential basis for the establishment of an entire range of programmes and policies, guided by equitable approaches in favour of the marginalized, in particular the children from poor families.

Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 2014

The right to education is an essential tool conditions for the development of an emancipated societies, to maintain and strengthen their cultural identities, ethnic and linguistic minorities. Education can promote (though not guarantee) understanding, tolerance, respect and friendship between peoples, ethnic or religious groups and can help create a universal culture of human rights. So education is an individual expression of freedom that it is an economic necessity from which depends the development of the country.Provision of education should be considered as a long term investment with high priority, because it develops human resources as an asset in the process of national development. So full realization of the right to education can be achieved by improving the economic, social and cultural rights through a political commitment and cooperation of the all. From historical point of view, the education in Europe, before the age of enlightenment, was primarily the responsibility of parents and the church. Education began to become public affair and state responsibility only with the constitution of the modern secular state. In the century XIX, the emergence of socialism and liberalism placed education, more strongly,

2019