Panorama Photogrammetry for Architectural Applications

2004

The paper presents a historical review of panorama image techniques with special emphasis on photogrammetric applications. The first part of the paper deals with the anatomic and visual properties of human vision where the use of panoramic views is evident for monitoring the environment, recognition, avoidance of collision etc. Naturally, the use of photographic panoramic images became very popular already in the 19 century. The paper presents some interesting panorama image acquisition and viewing facilities of the beginning of panorama photography. Several photogrammetric applications are known in the field of close-range imaging and aerial imagery as well. They have always been used in very few and specific fields only. Analog panorama camera have been developed which have been used for photogrammetry and other professional applications. Different techniques are known for the acquisition of cylindrical and spherical images which are addressed by the report. Today’s increasing int...

Handbook of Research on Emerging Digital Tools for Architectural Surveying, Modeling, and Representation, 2015

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gisdevelopment.net

Photogrammetry has become more widely used in the application of architectural measurement particularly in the field of conservation and restoration. For more than a century, photogrammetry has been done by specialists who took pictures with special metric cameras, which are specially designed for photogrammetric purpose. Documentation for huge number of architectural structures with these cameras prove to be very costly. The use of the many amateur cameras in the world seems to be the only realistic possibility for a more or less complete and permanently updated documentation of the enormous quantity of architectural and other cultural objects within a reasonably short time. The present work highlights on the use of amateur photographs to use for photogrammetric purpose to produce 3D photorealistic models which can be used in documentation for further work.

International Journal of Heritage in the Digital Era, 2014

The research aims to optimize a workflow of architecture documentation: starting from panoramic photos and tackling available instruments and technologies the aim is to propose an integrated, quick and low-cost solution of Virtual Architecture. The broader research background shows how to use spherical panoramic images for the architectural metric survey. The input data (oriented panoramic photos), the level of reliability and Image-based Modeling methods constitute an integrated and flexible 3D reconstruction approach: from the professional survey of cultural heritage to its communication in virtual museum. The proposed work results from the integration and implementation of different techniques (Multi-Image Spherical Photogrammetry, Structure from Motion, Dense Image Matching and Image-based Modeling) with the aim to achieve high metric accuracy and photorealistic performance. Different documentation chances are possible within the proposed workflow: from the virtual navigation of...

Geodesy and cartography, 2021

The development of applied geodetic techniques for mapping and documentation of historical structures, buildings and sites is an important and vital purpose for contribution of any recording of cultural heritage for any country such as Egypt. This is done to preserve and restore any valuable architectural or other cultural monument, as a support to architectural, archaeological and other art-historical research throughout the ages. The purpose of this paper is to use close range photogrammetry technique (CRP) to reconstruct 3D model of architectural and historical mosque facade and comparing the accuracy of using digital commercial non-metric cameras with different resolutions and metric camera with flatbed scanner and photogrammetric scanner for architectural building documentation. El-Nasr Mosque façade in Mansoura city, Egypt was chosen as a case study in this paper. At first, twenty five points were selected at mosque façade at different elevations and distributed at different f...

Studies in Digital Heritage, 2018

This paper presents a methodological contribution in the field of the archaeological restitution’s process. This latter is based on virtual anastylosis, which concerns the reconstruction of fragments of the ruins of the nameless Temple of Tipasa in Algeria. We have to mention that our work focused more particularly on the virtual restitution of the three access doors of the sacred courtyard of the temple. Here, we have found many fragments including the voussoirs, which were revealed during the excavation work, encouraging the proposition of our hypothesis on the initial state of the temple. The protocol followed is based on the photogrammetric survey of the blocks which has allowed us to generate 3d models of the elements constituting the entrance facade to the sacred courtyard. The historical documentation as well as the architectural treatises made it possible to fill the gaps with the aim of communicating the most relevant image of our temple. The main objective of the research ...

The progress in modern technologies such as precise lightweight cameras mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and the more user-friendly software in the photogrammetric field, allows for 3-D model construction of any structure or shape. Software now achieves in sequence the processes of matching, generating tie points, block bundle adjustment, and generating digital elevation models. The aim of this study is to make a virtual 3-D model of the college of engineering /University of Duhok. Kurdistan Region, Iraq. The data input is vertical and oblique imagery acquired by UAV, ground control points distributed on the surrounded ground, facades, and roof. Ground control points were measured by the GPS RTK system in addition to the reflectorless total station instrument. The data is processed mainly using Agisoft PhotoScan software as well as the Global Mapper and the ReCap software. The output is a 3-D model, digital elevation model, and orthomosaic. Geometric and visual inspections were carried out. Some imperfections appeared on the sharp edges and parapets of the building. In the geometric accuracy of selected Journal of Engg. Research Online First Article 2 points on the building, the maximum standard deviation in the coordinates was ±4cm.

This research deals with an efficient and low cost methodology to obtain a metric and photorealstic survey of a complex architecture. Photomodeling is an already tested interactive approach to produce a detailed and quick 3D model reconstruction. Photomodeling goes along with the creation of a rough surface over which oriented images can be backprojected in real time. Lastly the model can be enhanced checking the coincidence between the surface and the projected texture. The challenge of this research is to combine the advantages of two technologies already set up and used in many projects: spherical photogrammetry (Fangi, 2007,2008,2009,2010) and structure for motion (Photosynth web service and Bundler + CMVS2 + PMVS2). The input images are taken from the same points of view to form the set of panoramic photos paying attention to use well-suited projections: equirectangular for spherical photogrammetry and rectilinear for Photosynth web service. The performance of the spherical photogrammetry is already known in terms of its metric accuracy and acquisition quickness but time is required in the restitution step because of the manual homologous point recognition from different panoramas. In Photosynth instead the restitution is quick and automated: the provided point clouds are useful benchmarks to start with the model reconstruction even if lacking in details and scale. The proposed workflow needs of ad-hoc tools to capture high resolution rectilinear panoramic images and visualize Photosynth point clouds and orientation camera parameters. All of them are developed in VVVV programming environment. 3DStudio Max environment is then chosen because of its performance in terms of interactive modeling, UV mapping parameters handling and real time visualization of projected texture on the model surface. Experimental results show how is possible to obtain a 3D photorealistic model using the scale of the spherical photogrammetry restitution to orient web provided point clouds. Moreover the proposed research highlights how is possible to speed up the model reconstruction without losing metric and photometric accuracy. In the same time, using the same panorama dataset, it picks out a useful chance to compare the orientations coming from the two mentioned technologies (Spherical Photogrammetry and Structure for Motion).

International Conference on Engineering Technologies, 2022

Preservation, documentation, and dissemination of historical buildings as the tangible examples of cultural heritage have never been more significant than today in the Information Age. Yet, historical buildings are under the constant threat of damage and destruction due to many factors, such as deterioration of materials and structure, natural disasters, misuse, and vandalism. To reduce the risk of the loss of historical buildings, it is highly essential and required to develop a robust research methodology about the effective documentation of tangible heritage. The design of practical documentation processes, which are cost-effective and time-saving, is one of the challenges of the most recent research in the field in which the use of photogrammetry increases. Although photogrammetry has been in use for a long time, there has been recent advancements and improvements in the methods and the tools deployed to digitally record 3D data from physical environments, such as historical sites. The recent improvements solve the issues of computationally expensive processes of photogrammetry while preserving the level of accuracy and detail. This research applies one of the recent photogrammetry techniques available in the field in the context of the documentation of a historical building in Mardin, which is the Melik Mahmut Mosque constructed in the Artuklu period in the 14th century. One of the objectives is to disseminate the use of the novel photogrammetry methods integrated into the studies of the preservation, documentation and conservation of historical buildings as cultural heritage. The methodology is built on the use of mobile recording techniques that guarantee the required level of accuracy with visual and geographical data based on high-definition images. The research shows how effective the used photogrammetry technique is in surveying on site to record necessary data in limited time. The paper demonstrates how the representation of the 3D models are processed in the photogrammetric modeling software of Agisoft’s Metashape following the steps of recording on site. The results present how the used photogrammetry technique generates computational inexpensive, practical, fast and comprehensible digital data for the 3D representation and visualization in the context of cultural heritage documentation. With the use of an effective and contemporary method that produces satisfactory accurate results, the research contributes to the knowledge production about the understanding of the conditions that impact the preservation of historical buildings.

SDH, 2019

This paper presents a methodological contribution to the field of the process of archaeological restoration based on virtual anastylosis. In particular, we treat the reconstruction of fragments of the nameless Temple of Tipasa in Algeria. Our work is focused more specifically on the virtual restoration of the three access doors into the temple's sacred courtyard. Here, we have found many fragments, including the voussoirs, which were revealed during excavation, encouraging the development of our hypothesis about the original condition of the temple. The protocol followed is based on the photogrammetric survey of the blocks, which has allowed us to generate 3D models of the elements constituting the entrance facade into the sacred courtyard. The historical documentation as well as architectural treatises made it possible to fill in the gaps in the evidence with the aim of reconstructing the temple as best as can be done. The main objective of the research was to provide a corpus of data in 2D and 3D of all the blocks which served, at first, for the documentation and the study of the remains. Secondarily, the same documentation proved useful for development of a hypothesis of virtual reconstitution for making more comprehensible to the general public the history of the site of Tipasa.

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2016

Studies on the architectural heritage can now be supported by three-dimensional reconstruction of actual buildings. The 3D digital model can be an effective medium for documenting the current state of historic buildings but also to create a resource for researchers who conduct their analysis on historical evolution. Architectural photogrammetry has its own specifications in relation to other photogrammetric applications, however it meets these expectations. <br><br> The traditional approach requires the use of metric cameras but with the development of computational techniques, this requirement is overcome and opens the way for the use of non-metric camera. <br><br> The use of the shots that is no longer restricted to the parallel configuration of bundles, the images may be convergent, horizontal or oblique. Combining and modelling several cameras increasingly powerful in resolution and stability, has great scope and the same workflow can be used in varied ap...

Handbook of Research on Emerging Digital Tools for Architectural Surveying, Modeling, and Representation, edited by Stefano Brusaporci, 2015

The goal of this paper is to focus on multi-image monoscopic digital photogrammetry, illustrating several types of applications used in a single case study chosen for its unique characteristics: Palazzo dei Capitani del Popolo in the main square in the old town centre of Ascoli Piceno. The description of this experimentation will be illustrated in the paper not only to assess the potential and limits of these systems, but also to place them in a scientific context and recall the theoretical fundamentals of this method, since we believe these in-depth studies to be increasingly necessary in order for these digital technologies to be used properly.

The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences

This research wants to show the possibility of quickly making high-quality photogrammetric models using 360-degree panoramic photographs, but made using low-cost, single-shot cameras. Currently there is a wide variety of single shot cameras, in which the shape of the camera can vary according to the number of lenses that it incorporates in the camera mount, but this will directly affect the quality of the photography. result and in the price of the team. The fundamental characteristic of single-shot cameras is that they are capable of capturing a 360-degree panoramic photo at the very moment of shooting, which allows to greatly reduce data collection times compared to the normal method of taking photos spherical. This occurs thanks to the fact that they have several lenses that allow them to capture everything that happens around them in a fraction of a second. In addition, the composition times of the final image are also reduced, since they incorporate a processor that allows them to stitch the panorama automatically. These features make data capture very fast, greatly reducing work times. To demonstrate the efficiency of this equipment, several tests have been carried out in different spaces, interior and exterior, of the Cathedral of Plasencia. For each data set, the object documentation was performed twice. The first time it was done with a Faro Focus 3D laser scanner to generate the highly metrically accurate control model. And the second time a Xiaomi Mi Sphere camera was used to generate the comparison model. The photogrammetric models were processed with the Agisoft Metashape software and the comparison of the models in the CloudCompare software. The results obtained in these comparisons have been very promising, showing the effectiveness of these cameras to quickly document heritage. All the data on working times, geometric precision of the models, metric deviations, etc. They are shown below in the document.

Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (COMPDYN 2013), 2014

The use of conventional and photogrammetric surveys is presented for the recording of two historic masonry buildings in Greece. The first one is a four-storey traditional tobacco warehouse of the late 19th century in Alexandroupoli which has been partially collapsed in 2005 and constituted an extremely dangerous working environment. The second is an old customs house that is located in the old historic town of Nafplio and specifically in front of the central part of the port. It was built around the middle of the 19th century by the well-known Architect Stamatios Kleanthis. The architectural, structural and morphological characteristics along with the pathology of these buildings have been recorded through photogrammetric and conventional topographic surveys. This way, all the necessary information for the structures have been acquired with an appropriate accuracy in order to assist Engineers to choose the proper repairing and strengthening techniques for the renovation and the re-use of these historic buildings. The old tobacco warehouse in Alexandroupoli is planned to be the new Municipal Library, whereas the old customs house in Nafplio will be a museum for cultural exhibitions. The recording procedure used, combines the conventional topographic surveys and the photogrammetric image processing for the formation of all the façades' orthoimages. The orthoimages were used as background information to digitize details of the buildings façades in a CAD environment. The Photomodeler software and the freeware application Hugin has been used to create respectively a detailed 3D model and an interactive panorama file of the buildings.

This paper is about a complete photogrammetric record of St. Domingo de Silos' Church (XIV th century), in Alcala la Real (Jaen, Spain). It was declared National Monument in 1931. At present it is a ruin heavily damaged and near to collapse. So, local authorities have decided urgent actions for the reconstruction. Previous to the restoration works, different surveying and photogrammetric techniques were used for a reconstruction project and cataloguing of an important historical building, but at moderate costs with the extensive use of non metric and semi-metric instrumentation. A wide variety of photogrammetric methods and instruments has been applied: analytical and digital plotters; terrestrial metric, semi-metric (reseau plate) and non metric cameras (analogical and digital). Stereoscopic pairs, when possible, were taken with the help of a device which allowed for stereoscopic shots. Convergent photographs were also taken in order to reach a favourable geometry for bundle adjustment (selfcalibration) and control point densification. Both photogrammetric and desktop scanners were used. To maintain low costs, the main final products, in case of planar surfaces, were mosaics of rectified photographs. Cross sections, modelling and structural analysis of deformation of walls and a vault were also made in order to support the final architectural restoration project.