Acute Systemic Toxicity Of Four Mimosaceous Plants Leaves In Mice

Objective: To evaluate the anti-nociceptive, acute toxicity, gastro intestinal motility, anti-pyretic investigations of leaf extract of Mimosa pudica L. leaves in Swiss albino mice following oral administration. Methods: In-vivo anti-nociceptive activity test was evaluated by tail immersion test. In-vivo acute toxicity test was conducted using acute toxic class method. In-vivo gastrointestinal motility was determined by charcoal feces defecation time. In-vivo antipyretic activity test was evaluated by brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia. Results: In-vivo anti-nociceptive activity test shows that methanol & ethanol extracts (250 & 500 mg/kg b.w.) performed significant activity (p<0.05) in mice comparing to the standard drug diclofenac Na. In-vivo acute toxicity test was done on mice with methanol, ethanol and chloroform extracts (2000, 1000, 500 mg/kg b.w.) of Mimosa pudica leaf and no reaction or death occurred in mice during two weeks of observation. In-vivo gastrointestinal motility test indicates significant (p<0.01) increase in gastrointestinal motility by ethanol extracts of (250 & 500 mg/kg b.w.) comparing to the standard drug loperamide. In-vivo antipyretic activity test shows that methanol (250 & 500 mg/kg b.w.), ethanol (250 & 500 mg/kg b.w.) and chloroform (250mg/kg b.w.) extracts showed significant (p<0.05) reduction in temperature of mice comparing to the standard drug paracetamol. Conclusion: The result of the study indicates analgesic, antipyretic properties along with gastrointestinal motility stimulating effects. According to the acute toxicity study, the leaf extracts are safe up to 2000 mg/kg in-vivo concentration.

2021

Medicinal plants find use across different cultures in the world. People have derived numerous benefits by using various plants for centuries. Herbal drugs are supposed to be safe, but there are chances these might cause toxicity and other complications. Thus toxicity studies are essential for a medicinal plant before being used in humans. The present research revolves around studying the acute toxicity of Ocimum kilimandscharicum, Thymus serpyllum, Spilanthes acmella and their combination in equal ratio (COMB). For preparing the combination of extracts, the ethanolic extracts of the three plants were combined in equal amounts and administered to the animals. The acute toxicity study was carried out according to OECD (The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) guideline 423 for acute toxicity. The animals were divided into four groups each containing three animals each. These groups were respectively administered ethanolic extract of O. kilimandscharicum, T. serpyll...

2013

Objective: To evaluate the anti-nociceptive, acute toxicity, gastro intestinal motility, anti-pyretic investigations of leaf extract of Mimosa pudica L. leaves in Swiss albino mice following oral administration. Methods: In-vivo anti-nociceptive activity test was evaluated by tail immersion test. In-vivo acute toxicity test was conducted using acute toxic class method. In-vivo gastrointestinal motility was determined by charcoal feces defecation time. In-vivo antipyretic activity test was evaluated by brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia. Results: In-vivo anti-nociceptive activity test shows that methanol & ethanol extracts (250 & 500 mg/kg b.w.) performed significant activity (p&lt;0.05) in mice comparing to the standard drug diclofenac Na. In-vivo acute toxicity test was done on mice with methanol, ethanol and chloroform extracts (2000, 1000, 500 mg/kg b.w.) of Mimosa pudica leaf and no reaction or death occurred in mice during two weeks of observation. In-vivo gastrointestinal motility...

AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Faidherbia albida (Del.) A. Chev (mimosoidae) is widely used in African traditional medicine (ATM) for management of fever, diarrhoea and human trypanosomiasis. Acute and sub-acute toxicity profiles of ethanolic stem bark extract of F. albida were evaluated in wistar albino rats. The acute toxicity was studied using the method of Lorke (1983). In the sub-acute toxicity study, four groups of six rats per group were used. The control group (1) received 10 ml normal saline/kg body weight while groups 2, 3 and 4 received oral daily doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg extract/kg body weight respectively for 21 days. The effects of the extract on clinical signs, feed and water intake, body weight changes, haematology, plasma biochemical parameters, relative organ weight (ROW) were evaluated. The oral LD 50 of the extract was estimated to be greater than 5000 mg/ kg body weight. The extract produced slight increase in body weight of rats given 125 mg extract/kg body weight. However, dose-dependent highly significant (P < 0.01) decrease in body weight was observed at 250 and 500 mg/ kg-treated rats in weeks 2 and 3 of the study. Feed and water intake was not affected by the treatment. ROW for all organs was not affected by the treatment except significant (P < 0.05) increase in the testes of rats treated with 250 and 500 mg extract/kg body weight. Although the treatment elicited highly significant (P < 0.01) changes in the levels of the hepatic and some of the haematological parameters, they were within the normal reference range for rats. This study revealed that while the stem bark of the plant may be considered relatively safe when used sub-acutely, further investigation is needed to ascertain its effect on the male reproductive system as well as its effect on chronic administration.

African Journal of Biotechnology Volume: 9 Issue: 8 Pages: 1218-1224, 2010

Faidherbia albida (Del.) A. Chev (mimosoidae) is widely used in African traditional medicine (ATM) for management of fever, diarrhoea and human trypanosomiasis. Acute and sub-acute toxicity profiles of ethanolic stem bark extract of F. albida were evaluated in wistar albino rats. The acute toxicity was studied using the method of Lorke (1983). In the sub-acute toxicity study, four groups of six rats per group were used. The control group (1) received 10 ml normal saline/kg body weight while groups 2, 3 and 4 received oral daily doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg extract/kg body weight respectively for 21 days. The effects of the extract on clinical signs, feed and water intake, body weight changes, haematology, plasma biochemical parameters, relative organ weight (ROW) were evaluated. The oral LD 50 of the extract was estimated to be greater than 5000 mg/ kg body weight. The extract produced slight increase in body weight of rats given 125 mg extract/kg body weight. However, dose-dependent highly significant (P < 0.01) decrease in body weight was observed at 250 and 500 mg/ kg-treated rats in weeks 2 and 3 of the study. Feed and water intake was not affected by the treatment. ROW for all organs was not affected by the treatment except significant (P < 0.05) increase in the testes of rats treated with 250 and 500 mg extract/kg body weight. Although the treatment elicited highly significant (P < 0.01) changes in the levels of the hepatic and some of the haematological parameters, they were within the normal reference range for rats. This study revealed that while the stem bark of the plant may be considered relatively safe when used sub-acutely, further investigation is needed to ascertain its effect on the male reproductive system as well as its effect on chronic administration.

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. (Xanthorrhoeaceae), Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae) and Mimosa pudica L. (Fabaceae) are widely used in the Cameroonian ethnoveterinary medicine as a panacea, and specifically for gastrointestinal disorders as well as an anthelmintic and antibacterial. Aim of the study: The present study evaluated the potential toxicity of the hydroalcoholic extracts of Aloe vera leaves, Carica papaya leaves or seeds, and Mimosa pudica leaves after acute and sub-chronic administration in chicks. Materials and methods: For the acute toxicity test a single administration of each of the four hydro-alcoholic extracts was given orally at doses ranging from 40 to 5120 mg/kg (n ¼5/group/sex). In the sub-chronic study, these extracts were given orally as a single administration to chicks at doses of 80, 160, 320 and 640 mg/kg/day for 42 days. The anti-angiogenic properties of these extracts (5–320 mg/mg) were investigated in the chick chorioallantoic membrane in vivo. Results: In the acute toxicity test, none of the four studied hydroalcoholic extracts induced mortality or significant behavioural changes. The sub-acute treatment with the four plant extracts did not alter either the body weight gain or the food and water consumption. However, the results indicated that Aloe vera leaf extract acute treatment by oral route at doses up to 2560 mg/kg did not produce death in 50% (5/10) of chicks during 24 h or 14 days of observation, but 20% (2/10) chicks died. The haematological and biochemical analyses did not show significant differences in any of the parameters examined in female or male groups, with the exception of a transient rise in white blood cell counts at high doses (640 mg/kg). Additionally, these extracts did not have the potential for anti-angiogenic effects through the inhibition of neo-angiogenesis in the chick chorioallantoic membrane in vivo. Conclusion: The results showed that the therapeutic use of the hydroalcoholic extracts of Aloe vera leaves, Carica papaya leaves or seeds and Mimosa pudica leaves had very low toxicity in oral acute high dose administration and no toxicity in oral sub-chronic low dose administration and indicate that the plants could be considered safe for oral medication in chicks.

International Journal of Plant Based Pharmaceuticals

This research aimed to evaluate the phytochemical components of the crude methanol extract (CME) of Pleurotus tuber-regium and its acute toxicity in mice, Mus musculus. Before being filtered and evaporated, the crushed mushroom was macerated in 70% methanol for 72 hours. The phytochemical screening and acute oral toxicity were carried out using standard procedures. The CME consists of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, phenolic compounds, tannins, steroids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, and terpenoids. When given orally, the LD50 was shown to be greater than 5000 mg/kg with no outward symptoms of toxicity. Haematology showed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, total red blood cell, and neutrophil counts in the treatment group as compared to the control group, while total white blood cell and lymphocyte counts significantly (p < 0.05) increased. On serum biochemistry, a significant (p < 0.05) increase in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transferase, alanine phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine was observed in the treated group. There was however no significant (p > 0.05) difference in serum albumin and total protein. In conclusion, 5000 mg/kg of extract had a significant influence on the hematological and biochemical profiles of mice but didn't cause irreparable liver and kidney damage.

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology, 2019

"Objective The aim of the present study is to investigate the pharmacognostic and phytochemical investigation of the Mimosa hamata (Willd.) is a flowering shrub of Mimosaceae family which is used in various traditional medicines to cure various diseases. Mimosa hamata (Willd.) and Mimosa pudica are also known as Touch-me-not plant. A wide range of chemical compounds including 4-ethyl-gallic acid; triterpinicsaponin A, B; ethylgallate; mimonoside A, B, C; etc have been isolated from this plant. Methods Morphological and microscopic characters, powder analysis, and extractive values of ethanolic extract of stem of Mimosa hamata and qualitative estimation of phytochemicals were determined. The pharmacognostical parameters such as total ash value, acid insoluble ash value and water soluble ash value, alcohol soluble extractive and water soluble extractive were also determined. Results The results of pharmacognostic analysis of stem of Mimosa hamata (Willd) have revealed the total ash 8.5 % , water soluble ash 0.5 %, water insoluble ash 1.5%, Moisture content 2.5 %, alcohol soluble extractive value 14.29 % and water soluble extractive value 9.75%. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of stem of showed the presence of flavonoids, carbohydrates, tannins etc. Conclusions It signifies that results revealed the presence of various bioactive constituents which could be exploited for their biopotential for medicinal purposes. "

This study was conducted to determine the acute and sub-acute toxicity profiles of Annona squamosa, a herb widely used in the southeast area of Nigeria for the treatment of among other conditions, fever associated with malaria. In the acute toxicity study, methanol extract of A. squamosa was given to mice by oral gavages, up to a dose of 5,000mg/kg body weight as a single dose within 24 h. The animals were however monitored for up to 30 days period. In the sub-acute toxicity study, six groups of mice were used. The first group served as control while the other five groups were given A. squamosa extract at doses of 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 mg/kg body weight respectively via daily oral gavages for 30 days. Histological examinations were done on the liver of the animals for both acute and sub-acute studies. Biochemical and haematological analyses were done for sub-acute toxicity study. The oral LD 50 for the methanol extract of A. Squamosa leaves was observed to be more than 5000mg/kg body weight. No outstanding pathological changes were found in the livers of the treated animals compared with the control. For the sub-acute toxicity study, at the highest dose of 1000mg/kg, one animal showed signs of reduced food intake. However, no significant change was observed in the biochemical and haematological parameters. This study shows that the extract of A. squamosa is well tolerated in mice within the dose limits studied.

Pharmacology &amp; Pharmacy, 2013

Alchornea cordifolia (Euphorbiaceae) is a very prized plant among traditional healers in Africa. Its leaves are used for its antipyretic properties in traditional areas. The aim of our study is to determine the acute toxicity and the antipyretic activity of a methanolic extract of Alchornea cordifolia leaves. Acute toxicity was assessed by measuring mortality, changes in body weight, spontaneous movements, and normal rectal temperature in mice. Antipyretic activity was evaluated by brewer's yeast-induced hyperpyrexia in rats according to Teotino method (1963). The antipyretic effect of methanolicextract of Alchornea cordifolia leaves was compared with paracetamol (100 mg/kg bw) orally. Groups of mice treated with doses of 6500; 3250; 1625 and 812.5mg/kg of the extract did not show any mortality, nor significant alteration of body weight, nor alteration of spontaneous movements. However, incomplete reversed dose-dependent hypothermic activity was observed with doses of 50.78; 101.56; 203.12; 406.25; and 812.5 mg/kg p.o. of the extract, showing acute toxicity of this plant. In the antipyretic assay, the extract with doses of 50.78; 101.56; 203.12; 406.25; and 812.5 mg/kg p.o. exhibited a significant dose-dependent antipyretic activity similar to paracetamol (100 mg/kg bw) in rats. Thus Alchornea cordifolia may inhibit prostaglandins-biosynthesis from hypothalamus. Our results support claims on its traditional uses in management of fever. However Alchornea cordifolia may affect hypothalamus not only during fever but also when body temperature is normal.