Constancy of Velocity of Light and Stochastic Background

Physics Essays, 2009

In the present paper, in order to explain the phenomenon, transmittance T = finite for particles having energy E Ͻ V 0 , on the basis of particle nature of matter particles, a theory has been proposed searching out such a cause because of which this phenomenon actually takes place. The cause is that the spin motion in any body develops the tendency of linear motion in the direction of its spin angular momentum L s . Consequently, every spinning body possesses direction of its linear motion. In order to verify its truth, solid evidence has been given from the well-established existing knowledge. The spin motion in the body develops spin momentum p s in the direction of its L s , and when the body starts traveling along the direction of its L s , the p s of the body together with its linear momentum p lin conserve its motional momentum p m ͑=p lin + p s ͒. In order to verify its truth, solid evidence has been given from the well-established existing knowledge. When the body starts traveling along the direction of its L s , the velocity v of the body varies with the frequency of its spin motion . An expression has been established describing how these vary. The truth of this expression has been verified for electrons. Applying it to the orbiting electrons, the expression for frequency of spectral lines ͑͒ of the hydrogen atom has been deduced, which agrees exactly with the expression obtained by Bohr's theory. The present deduction is comparatively more sound and convincing The important point with the present concept ͑i.e., searched out cause͒ is that, it gives very clear picture of how ͑i.e., the way͒ the phenomenon T = finite actually behaves, which unfortunately we do not at all find with the concept of the wave nature of the matter particles. Further, the concept of wave nature gives rise to number of very serious such questions of which no explanation can be given, which implies that the concept of wave nature is not true. Pointing out and discussing some such serious questions, it has been tried to prove that the concept of their wave nature is not true. Applying the searched out cause, it has also been tried to explain how and why the spectral lines and their fine structures are obtained, how and why their frequency, intensity and thickness vary. The present explanation gives a very clear and complete picture of almost all the events of the phenomenon such that they can very easily be visualized by us in our imagination as to how they take place in actual practice. With existing theories, we do not find so. There has been deduced an expression for intensity of spectral lines, too, along with the deduction of an expression for their frequency. In the deduction of an expression for frequency of spectral lines applying Bohr's theory, there have been pointed out three very serious flaws. In the last, it has been tried to explain and prove that the velocity of a photon ͑c͒ varies with its frequency of spin motion . An expression to explain how c of a photon varies as varies has also been deduced. The current concept that the photons are the discrete quanta of energy h, which provide mass h / c 2 and momentum h / c to them, is not true. The photon is the radiation energy carrier ͑like an electron which carries charge͒, and the radiation energy contained in the photon gives its mass according to the mass-energy equivalence relation of the theory of relativity. This mass is its rest mass, which has been determined. The existing concept that, after attaining relativistic velocity by the electron when its velocity v starts decreasing, its mass m e starts increasing in order to maintain the conservation of its kinetic energy and linear momentum, is not true. The frequency of spin motion of an electron in fact starts increasing in order to maintain the conservation of its motional energy ͑i.e., kinetic energy+ spin energy͒ and motional momentum ͑i.e., linear momentum+ spin momentum͒, because it actually possesses the motional energy and motional momentum, not only kinetic energy and linear momentum.

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2015

The paper proposes a new approach in the foundations of Quantum Mechanics. It does not make any assumption about the physical world, but looks at the consequences of the formalism used in models. Whenever a system is represented by variables which meet precise, but common, mathematical properties, one can prove theorems which are very close to the axioms of Quantum Mechanics (Hilbert spaces, observables, eigen values,...). It is then possible to explore the conditions of the validity of these axioms and to give a firm ground to the usual computations. Moreover this approach sheds a new ligth on the issues of determism, and interacting systems. In the third edition of this paper developments have been added about the statistical procedures used to detect anomalies in Physical Laws.

Physics Essays, 2012

Some aspects of the interpretation of quantum theory are discussed. It is emphasized that quantum theory is formulated in a Cartesian coordinate system; in other coordinates the result obtained with the help of the Hamiltonian formalism and commutator relations between 'canonically conjugated' coordinate and momentum operators leads to a wrong version of quantum mechanics. In this connection the Feynman integral formalism is also discussed. In this formalism the measure is not well-defined and there is no idea how to distinguish between the true version of quantum mechanics and an incorrect one; it is rather a mnemonic rule to generate perturbation series from an undefined zero order term. The origin of time is analyzed in detail by the example of atomic collisions. It is shown that the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for the closed three-body (two nuclei + electron) system has no physical meaning since in the high impact energy limit it transforms into an equation with two independent time-like variables; the time appears in the stationary Schrödinger equation as a result of extraction of a classical subsystem (two nuclei) from a closed three-body system. Following the Einstein-Rosen-Podolsky experiment and Bell's inequality the wave function is interpreted as an actual field of information in the elementary form. The relation between physics and mathematics is also discussed.

Foundations of Physics, 2007

A common understanding of quantum mechanics (QM) among students and practical users is often plagued by a number of "myths", that is, widely accepted claims on which there is not really a general consensus among experts in foundations of QM. These myths include wave-particle duality, time-energy uncertainty relation, fundamental randomness, the absence of measurement-independent reality, locality of QM, nonlocality of QM, the existence of well-defined relativistic QM, the claims that quantum field theory (QFT) solves the problems of relativistic QM or that QFT is a theory of particles, as well as myths on black-hole entropy. The fact is that the existence of various theoretical and interpretational ambiguities underlying these myths does not yet allow us to accept them as proven facts. I review the main arguments and counterarguments lying behind these myths and conclude that QM is still a not-yet-completely-understood theory open to further fundamental research.

Physics Today, 2016

Physics of Atomic Nuclei, 2009

Some aspects of the interpretation of quantum theory are discussed. It is emphasized that quantum theory is formulated in a Cartesian coordinate system; in other coordinates the result obtained with the help of the Hamiltonian formalism and commutator relations between 'canonically conjugated' coordinate and momentum operators leads to a wrong version of quantum mechanics. In this connection the Feynman integral formalism is also discussed. In this formalism the measure is not well-defined and there is no idea how to distinguish between the true version of quantum mechanics and an incorrect one; it is rather a mnemonic rule to generate perturbation series from an undefined zero order term. The origin of time is analyzed in detail by the example of atomic collisions. It is shown that the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for the closed three-body (two nuclei + electron) system has no physical meaning since in the high impact energy limit it transforms into an equation with two independent time-like variables; the time appears in the stationary Schrödinger equation as a result of extraction of a classical subsystem (two nuclei) from a closed three-body system. Following the Einstein-Rosen-Podolsky experiment and Bell's inequality the wave function is interpreted as an actual field of information in the elementary form. The relation between physics and mathematics is also discussed.

Advances in Quantum Chemistry, 2008

International Journal of Theoretical Physics, 1999

Rethinking Quantum Mechanics./Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP)., 2018

Annotation: The possibility has been shown to obtain the key results of quantum mechanics with no resort to specific postulates based on the thermodynamics of stationary processes. A derivation of the Planck radiation law has been offered to proceed from the assumption the wave is a true quantum of radiation. It has been found that the average energy of such a quantum is numerically equal to the Planck constant. The law of spectral series formation has been obtained without the use of quantum numbers. The photo-effect equation has been supplemented taking into consideration the photoelectric yield. A hypothesis-free derivation of the Schrödinger stationary equation has been given along with its modification as a kinematic first-order equation. The possibility has been shown to consider quantum mechanics as a branch of classical physics studying wave processes.

2009

Non-relativistic quantum theory is derived from information codified into an appropriate statistical model. The basic assumption is that there is an irreducible uncertainty in the location of particles: positions constitute a configuration space and the corresponding probability distributions constitute a statistical manifold. The dynamics follows from a principle of inference, the method of Maximum Entropy. The concept of time is introduced as a convenient way to keep track of change. A welcome feature is that the entropic dynamics notion of time incorporates a natural distinction between past and future. The statistical manifold is assumed to be a dynamical entity: its curved and evolving geometry determines the evolution of the particles which, in their turn, react back and determine the evolution of the geometry. Imposing that the dynamics conserve energy leads to the Schroedinger equation and to a natural explanation of its linearity, its unitarity, and of the role of complex numbers. The phase of the wave function is explained as a feature of purely statistical origin. There is a quantum analogue to the gravitational equivalence principle.