THE BER TREE AND Pentas lanceolata Pentas

The effect of organic nutrition in improving yield and quality of ber cv. BAU was studied at Horticulture Research -1 -1 Station, Mondouri, BCKV, West Bengal, India. The treatments were FYM (20 kg plant ), Vermicompost (10 kg plant ), -1 1 Neem Cake (5 kg plant ), ½ (FYM + Vermicompost), ½ (FYM + Neem cake), ½ (Vermicompost + Neem cake), / (FYM + 3 Vermicompost + Neem cake) and Control i.e. RDF (N, P O K O: 150, 90, 150 g/plant/year). Sole use of vermicompost or 2 5, 2 neem cake was found to be effective in improving the soil nutrient status, soil microbial population and leaf phosphorus content as compared to other treatments. But their combination i.e. ½ (Vermicompost + Neem cake) showed more beneficial effect in increasing fruit yield and available soil phosphorus content. FYM or vermicompost and their combination i.e. ½ (FYM + Vermicompost) resulted higher leaf nitrogen and potassium content. The physico-chemical characters of ber were found to be superior with FYM alone as compared to others. The sole use of neem cake or vermicompost or their combination i.e. ½ (Vermicompost + Neem cake) were much effective in improving the soil condition, leaf phosphorus content and yield of ber plants; whereas, sole application of FYM was found to be most useful in enhancing the fruit quality of ber.

Ber is one of the most important fruit crops in arid areas. Though it is drought resistant, its fruit yield is not satisfactory under extreme rainfed conditions. The studies were therefore, conducted to determine the frequency of supplemental irrigation and efficacy of mulching with black polythene and date palm leaves in conserving the moisture and its impact on fruit yield and quality of ber cv. Gola. The treatments comprised of four irrigation intervals (no irrigation, 60, 90 and 120 CPE) and three mulching materials (no mulch, black polythene and date palm leaf) with a total of 12 combinations. It emerged that supplementary irrigation at 60 or 90 CPE from September to November with mulching (black polythene or date palm leaves) significantly enhanced fruit yield by 21.8-43.88% over control. It was concluded that supplementary irrigation at 90 CPE from September to November along with mulching with leaves if available, can be adopted to enhance yield and quality of be

Journal of Applied and Natural Science

Ber (Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.) is an indigenous delicious, nourishing fruit grown widely throughout the India but faces heavy fruit drop due to several biotic and abiotic stress factors resulted in declining trend of ber pro-duction over the year. Keeping these facts in foreground, replicated field experiment was conducted during 2013-14 and 2014-15 at HRS, Mondouri, BCKV, West Bengal with eleven treatments consist two different levels of NAA, GA3, 2,4-D, ZnSO4 and H3BO3 along with a control (water spray). Results of investigation revealed that application of 2,4-D @ 10 mg/l recorded highest fruit set (48.80%). Maximum fruit retention (42.83%) and total no. of fruits/tree (514) were obtained with the application of NAA @ 20 mg/l. Application of GA3 @ 20 mg/l recorded significantly (p≤0.05) higher yield (30.67 kg/tree), fruit weight (60.5 g), fruit length (5.8 cm), fruit breadth (5.1 cm), pulp to seed ratio (13.9) and specific gravity (1.104) as well as economic returns over control...

2017

Ber (Zizyphus mauritiana L.) is a member of family Rhamnaceae. The genus Zizyphus contains 135 to 170 species (Islam and Simmons, 2006). Zizyphus mauritiana is a spiny, evergreen shrub or small tree up to 15 m height. It is a fastgrowing tree, with an average bearing life of 25 years. It is well adapted to arid and semi-arid conditions with adequate rain during the vegetative period. The fruit's skin is smooth, glossy, and thin but tight. The flesh is white and crispy. When semi-ripened, it is bit juicy and possesses a pleasant aroma (Pareek, 2013). The fruit is a good source of vitamin C, carotene, phosphorus and calcium. Leaves contain 6% digestible crude protein which is an excellent source of ascorbic acid and carotenoids (Abbass et al., 2012; Ismail, 2013; Boora and Bel, 2008). Average fruit yield per tree ranges from 50-250 kg tree and is relatively easy and cheap to cultivate. The worldwide annual production of ber fruit is 0.90 million tons and cultivated on an area of 8...

International Journal of Environment and Climate Change

The trends in growth, development and quality attributes of Ber (Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.) included changes observed during growth and development, namely fruiting behavior, physical properties and biochemical components of the ber fruit at different stages of growth and development. Flowering began in mid-September and ended in mid-November with the peak of the flowering period in mid-October. While the fruit setting was between the third week of September to the first week of December, but the peak fruit initiation period was the last week of September to mid-October. During fruit growth, development and yield attribute the percentage of fruit drop and retention also changes. Ber fruits were harvested in five times collections and the peak yield period was the first week of March. In the physical changes, the study revealed that length, width, weight, volume, pulp weight, and seed weight increased from fruit set to maturity at all stages of growth and development except for speci...

Journal of Applied Horticulture

Performance of nine ber cultivars viz., Banarasi Karaka, Chhuhara, Dandan, Gola, Ilayachi, Jogia, Kaithali, Katha Phal and Umran on top working was investigated. From the top working success point of view, Banarasi Karaka, Dandan, Kaithali, Jogia, Katha Phal and Umran performed better. Fruit yield at seven months after budding was highest in Jogia followed by Umran, Chhuhara and Dandan. Fruit weight and size were maximum in Jogia and Umran and minimum in Ilayachi. Total soluble solids, total sugar and vitamin C content were highest in Ilayachi with medium acidity and resulted better T.S.S./acid ratio. The cultivar Dandan, which yielded medium, produced fruits of better weight and size with good T.S.S. and acid ratio resulting in excellent taste. The scion buds taken from the R.R.S., Jhargram were top-worked on 5 years old trees of local ber plants (Zizyphus rotundifolia) planted at 5 x 5m distance, which were beheaded on 3 rd May, 2001. After beheading the plants were fertilized with 40 kg FYM, 150 g N, 50 g P 2 O 5 and 100 g K 2 O per plant followed by light irrigation to encourage shoot growth. Five shoots per plant in proper place were allowed to grow and others were removed time to time. The plants were again fertilized with 150 g N, 50 g P 2 O 5 and 100 g K 2 O during September, 2001. The top working was made on 5 shoots of each beheaded plant by patch budding on 9.6.2001, taking 4 beheaded plants as a unit of replication for each cultivar in a randomized block design. The plants were sprayed with insecticides and fungicides as and when it required. The plants were irrigated three times during October, November and December at monthly interval. The observations on budding success and scion growth were made 2 months after budding. After taking observation 2 shoots per plant in suitable position were retained to form the main frame work and others were removed. The number of fruits per plant were counted on 9.1.2002. Ten mature fruits from each plant collected randomly, were brought to the laboratory of the Regional Research Station, Jhargram in polythene bags and were analysed for physico-chemical characteristics. The T.S.S. was determined by hand refractometer. Titratable acidity, total sugar and vitamin C were estimated by standard methods (A.0.A.C., 1990).

International Journal of Statistics and Applied Mathematics, 2023

In mango an application of paclobutrazol @ 5g a.i. per tree at 15 th July, pruning third order branches 30cm from origin improved growth, yield and quality. In banana desuckering stage (300 mm), bunch cover with white non-woven polypropylene bag, silver-black polyethylene mulch, removal of male bud and feeding of bunch with urea (7.5 g) + sulphate of potash (7.5 g) + cow dung (500 g) + 100ml water and planting two suckers per pit spaced at 1.8X3.6 m improved growth, yield and quality parameters of banana. In guava crop regulation by water stress, light pruning at 20cm + borax 0.2%, 250 gauge black polythene, high density planting at 2X1.5m and branch bending improved growth, yield and quality parameters. In pomegranate 50% RDF through fertigation, pragmen paper bag, 30cm pruning + 30 fruit retain per plant, 100 µ silver polythene mulch improved growth, yield and quality. Citrus responded well to girdling + 2% KNO3, GA3 50 ppm in June + cycocel 1000 ppm in September+ KNO3 2%, black polythene mulch; fertigation with 120% of RDF improved growth, yield and quality. Papaya performed better with 100% RDF (28.29 kg) + plastic mulch + vermiwash + neem seed extract (87.31 MT) improved growth, yield and quality. In ber pruning on 16 th May + keeping 60cm length of branch improved growth, yield and quality of ber.

Journal of Applied Horticulture

Performance of twenty-four ber cultivars in respect of growth, yield and yield contributing characters were studied under Tarai conditions of Uttaranchal. The growth of the trees was significantly affected by the cultivars. Tree height, spread, trunk girth, cross trunk sectional area (C.T.S.A.) and volume were found significantly higher in Sanaur 6. The shoot length was observed maximum with the trees of Rohtak Gola and minimum with the trees of ZG 2. The number of leaves per shoot was found maximum in Seo and minimum in Sanaur 6. The fresh and dry weight of leaf were found maximum in Noki and minimum in Banarasi Pewandi. The leaf length was found maximum in Nazuk and minimum in ZG 2. The leaf length:breadth ratio was found maximum in Narikeli and minimum in ZG 2. Sanaur 3 had maximum leaf breadth and leaf area while Sanaur 2 had maximum photosynthetic efficiency. The number of fruits per shoot, per tree and yield were found maximum in ZG 3 while the yield efficiency both in terms of kg/cm 2 and number of fruits per m 3 volume of tree was found maximum in ZG 2 but this cultivar had minimum photosynthetic efficiency. directions of the tree. Length of each shoot in selected branches was measured separately and then the mean length of the shoot was worked out. The number of shoots per branch and number of leaves per shoot were counted in previously selected branches. The mean number of shoots per tree and mean number of leaves per shoot was worked out. Leaf samples consisted of fifty normal leaves taken at random from the middle portion of the shoots of the selected branches for recording leaf characters. The fresh weight of the leaf was taken by weighing the leaves on electronic balance. The leaves were then dried at a temperature of 60 ±1 o C for constant weight to record dry weight. The leaf size was recorded by measuring the length and breadth of the leaves. The length:breadth ratio was obtained by dividing length of leaves with their breadth. The petiole length was measured with measuring scale. Leaf area was measured with the help of Li-COR portable Leaf-area-meter. Photosynthetic efficiency was estimated as per method of Westwood (1978). The number of fruits per shoot was worked out by counting the number of fruits from selected shoots while number of fruits per tree was worked out by multiplying the number of fruits per shoot with the number of shoots per tree. The yield was recorded by weighing the fruits at the time of each picking. Yield efficiency was measured in terms of weight of fruits (kg)/cm 2 and number of fruits per m 3 volume of tree.

International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2019

The study on changes in fruit growth and development on eight ber cultivars viz., Chhuhara, Chinese, Kalagola, Nazuk, Sanaur-2, Sanaur-4, Umran and ZG-2 was conducted at Horticulture Research Centre, Patharchatta, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, India during the season of 2017-18 and 2018-19. The experiment was laid out in two factors Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Sampling dates and cultivars were considered as the treatments. There were 11 sampling dates commences at 28 days after full bloom (DAFB) to 168 DAFB and observations were taken at biweekly interval. Findings of the study showed a characteristic double sigmoid growth pattern in most of the cultivars which could be divided into four growth phases viz., initial rapid growth of six weeks; lag phase or slow growth of six weeks for seed development; gradual increase in growth for next 6 weeks and later accelerated fruit growth during next four weeks...

The nutritional survey was conducted on 10 year otd orchards of Ber cv. seb in Bikaner district. The resu/fs indicated that physico-chemical attribufes such as fruit weight, length and breadth, stone weight, pulp to sfone ,a1io, totat solubte so/ids, organic acids, ascorbic acid content, total sugars and reducing sugars varied significantty amongst the different orchards'