Analysis of Piezoelectric Buzzers as Vibration Energy Harvesters

Energy Procedia, 2017

This paper presents the characteristic of piezoelectric for sound wave energy harvester. The sound level on piezoelectric is experimented at range of 35-100 dB. This range is comparable with ambience environmental human sound of level 50-100 dB. Piezoelectric type Q220-A4-503YB has been used as energy transducer. This type of piezoelectric has achieved a better performance in term of output power or voltage. The output of piezoelectric transducer is connected to 3 difference types of harnessing circuitry; Villard voltage multiplier, Dickson voltage multiplier and full-wave rectifier. The measured results of piezoelectric transducer with and without connected to external circuitry devices have attained a good agreement with expected theory within the frequency of interest. The piezoelectric transducer accomplished maximum power response of performance 33.133 dBuW at sound level of 96 dB. The Villard and Dickson voltage multipliers produced output voltage greater than full wave bridges which are 9.817V, 9.593V and 3.504V respectively at 96dB sound intensity level. The results show that the piezoelectric transducer connected to Villard voltage multiplier produced the best performance. The proposed sound wave energy harvester offer a better performance and able to replace the problematic battery in wireless signal network.

2005

Cymbal transducers have been found as a promising structure for piezoelectric energy harvesting under high force (∼100 N) at cyclic conditions (∼100-200 Hz). The thicker steel cap enhances the endurance of the ceramic to sustain higher ac loads along with stress amplification. This study reports the performance of the cymbal transducer under ac force of 70 N with a pre-stress load of 67 N at 100 Hz frequency. At this frequency and force level, 52 mW power was generated from a cymbal measured across a 400 k resistor. The ceramic diameter was fixed at 29 mm and various thicknesses were experimented to optimize the performance. The results showed that the PZT ceramic of 1 mm thickness provided the highest power output with 0.4 mm endcap. In order to accommodate such high dynamic pressure the transducer and cap materials were modified and it was found that the higher piezoelectric voltage constant ceramic provided the higher output power. Electrical output power as a function of applied ac stress magnitude was also computed using FEM analysis and the results were found to be functionally coherent with experiment. This study clearly demonstrated the feasibility of using piezoelectric transducers for harvesting energy from high magnitude vibration sources such as automobile.

Journal of Electroceramics, 2005

Cymbal transducers have been found as a promising structure for piezoelectric energy harvesting under high force (∼100 N) at cyclic conditions (∼100-200 Hz). The thicker steel cap enhances the endurance of the ceramic to sustain higher ac loads along with stress amplification. This study reports the performance of the cymbal transducer under ac force of 70 N with a pre-stress load of 67 N at 100 Hz frequency. At this frequency and force level, 52 mW power was generated from a cymbal measured across a 400 k resistor. The ceramic diameter was fixed at 29 mm and various thicknesses were experimented to optimize the performance. The results showed that the PZT ceramic of 1 mm thickness provided the highest power output with 0.4 mm endcap. In order to accommodate such high dynamic pressure the transducer and cap materials were modified and it was found that the higher piezoelectric voltage constant ceramic provided the higher output power. Electrical output power as a function of applied ac stress magnitude was also computed using FEM analysis and the results were found to be functionally coherent with experiment. This study clearly demonstrated the feasibility of using piezoelectric transducers for harvesting energy from high magnitude vibration sources such as automobile.

2006 49th IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2006

This paper describes an approach for harvesting electrical energy from a low-cost piezoelectric generator using a CMOS energy processor. The generator consists of an ordinary piezoelectric buzzer and a steel ball bonded onto it. The device mechanically behaves as a spring-mass system. Mechanical vibrations are converted into electric power by a PZT layer. The energy processor has an expected efficiency of 55% for an output power of 198.21µW. The efficiency and the amount of generated energy by the low-cost converter is comparable to other authors' results, indicating that it could be used in some applications where the miniaturization is not important and low price is desirable. Furthermore, the design of a CMOS charge controller is presented and its simulation results are discussed. The integrated circuit has the function of controlling the charge delivered to a 1.2Vdc battery.

2017

This article reviews the mechanics of energy harvesting from various mechanical vibrations. Contemporary approach in hand-held electronic gadgets and low power sensors for wireless networks require a continuous or long battery life for uninturupted performance. Hence, there is a need for permanent and compact power supplies for advanced electronic devices. The most important part of the transducer is energy harvester which converts mechanical vibrations into electrical energy. Piezoelectric materials are important for energy conversion from mechanical vibrations. There has been a lot of research work to establish simple, clean and energy-e cient vibration-harvesting devices using piezoelectric materials. These piezoelectric substances are generally classi ed into piezoelectric ceramics and piezoelectric polymers. This review article discusses various piezoelectric materials and reviews some important device con gurations for piezo-electric energy harvesters.

2020

This work deals with research and development of ambient energy harnessing technology from mechanical vibration.To harness mechanical vibration from ambient energy a piezoelectricmaterial is used.To create a vibration, sound is produced from a portable speaker, The sound produced from portable speaker is induced on piezoelectric material ,The frequency of the sound is controlled by laptop by playing a sine wave frequency and it was played at constant volume which was measured by using a microphone, then the series of experiment was conducted on the piezoelectric transducer. To harness the energy from the piezoelectric transducer diode bridge circuit was used, And for measuring the output of the circuit voltmeter was used. The experiment was conducted in five case studies, i.e. by moving the position of a piezoelectric transducer, changing the angle of a piezoelectric transducer, enclosing the setup, changing the area of the enclosure and Connecting two piezoelectric transducers in p...

2016

This paper proposes to harvest energy from the mechanical vibration by piezoelectric material. Principle of piezoelectricity is to convert “pressure-to-electricity”. Piezoelectric energy harvester has an edge on electromagnetic & electrostatic energy harvesters because of higher feasibility of material and power density factors. The sensor structure consists of silicon substrate and ZnO which is sandwiched between two aluminium electrodes. The proposed acoustic sensor has been designed to withstand the dynamic sound pressure of 96-106dB and produces a maximum of 390μV/Pa. The simulation is done by Coventorware and verified by analytical method.

Bonfring International Journal of Research in Communication Engineering, 2016

High-speed trains have a sustained high-noise level for long periods during operation. Although such high-noise levels are effective for acoustic energy harvesting, a practical design for an acoustic energy harvesting system from a high-speed train is lacking. In this study, the design of an energy harvesting system was implemented utilizing noise from a high-speed train during practical operation. We investigated the noise generated from a high-speed train and derived the characteristics of the main noise sources. The results confirmed that low-frequency noise of 50-200 Hz was generated in the passenger, cab, and between car sections. Results from this investigation were used to design a Helmholtz resonator for a target noise of 174 Hz based on a theoretical model. Moreover, numerical simulation was conducted using sound source speakers to investigate vibrations in the walls of the resonator. Finally, energy harvesting experiments were conducted using various types of piezoelectric elements such as rectangular and circular plates. Experimental results indicate that approximately 0.7 V was generated for an incident sound pressure level of 100 dB using a large rectangular plate. Such power level is sufficient to power a variety of low-power electric devices.

Due to the development of ultra-low power portable electronics and wireless sensors, the use of ambient energy, such as vibration energy for harvesting energy using piezoelectric materials has aroused great interests. A number of techniques have been proposed by the researchers for harvesting energy from the vibration source. Mostly, the techniques are classified as narrowband or broadband depending on the range of frequencies in which they produce maximum power. Substantial research has been done by the researchers in both these areas and countless techniques are proposed in order to harvest maximum power. A study is needed to compare these techniques to suggest a proper technique for a typical application. This paper presents a detailed categorization of the various piezoelectric energy harvesting techniques and also covering each of them with suitable examples. The pros and cons of each technique are also presented.

International Journal of Energy Research, 2020

Wireless sensor nodes (WSNs) and embedded microsystems have recently gained tremendous traction from researchers due to their vast sensing and monitoring applications in various fields including healthcare, academic, finance, environment, military, agriculture, retail, and consumer electronics. An essential requirement for the sustainable operation of WSN is the presence of an uninterrupted power supply; which is currently obtained from electrochemical batteries that suffer from limited life cycles and are associated with serious environmental hazards. An alternative to replacing batteries of WSNs; either the direct replacement or to facilitate battery regular recharging, is by looking into energy harvesting for its sustainable drive. Energy harvesting is a technique by which ambient energy can be converted into useful electricity, particularly for low-power WSNs and consumer electronics. In particular, vibration-based energy harvesting has been a key focus area, due to the abundant availability of vibration-based energy sources that can be easily harvested. In vibration-based energy harvesters (VEHs), different optimization techniques and design considerations are taken in order to broaden the operation frequency range through multi-resonant states, increase multi-degree-of-freedom, provide nonlinear characteristics, and implement the hybrid conversion. This comprehensive review summarizes recent developments in VEHs with a focus on piezoelectric, electromagnetic, and hybrid piezoelectric-electromagnetic energy harvesters. Various vibration and motion-induced energy harvesting prototypes have been reviewed and discussed in detail with respect to device architecture, conversion mechanism, performance parameters, and implementation. Overall sizes of most of the reported piezoelectric energy harvesters are in the millimeter to centimeter scales, with resonant frequencies in the range of 2-13 900 Hz. Maximum energy conversion for electromagnetic energy harvesters can potentially reach up to 778.01 μW/cm3. The power produced by the reported hybrid energy harvesters (HEHs) is in the range of 35.43-4900 μW. Due to the combined piezoelectric-electromagnetic energy conversion in HEHs, these systems are capable of producing the highest power densities.