Perspectiva dos pais sobre educação e castigo físico

Cadernos De Saude Publica, 2014

Cadernos De Saude Publica, 2014

2019

The main purpose of this study was to assess parental usage of and attitude towards corporal punishment. To achieve this purpose, the study utilized a cross-sectional survey design. Using a self-administered questionnaire, quantitative data were gathered from 544 (287M, 257F) participants who were selected using stratified random sampling technique. Frequencies, chi-square, independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, logistic regression, and multiple regressions were used to analyze and make meaning of the data. The result indicated that corporal punishment is highly prevalent and frequent in the current sample. The majority of parents (80%) reported they used corporal punishment on their children within the past 12 months, and most of them used it frequently. The responses given to each statement of the attitude scale indicated that the majority of the participants of the study have favourable attitude towards the use of corporal punishment. The most common types of punishment used by parents were found to be knocking on the head (90%), pinching between the thighs (89%), slapping on the face with an open hand (87), beating the arm, buttock, or leg with an open hand (81%), and beating with an object (80%). With respect to type of child misbhaviours, a large number of parents reported that they always used corporal punishment on their children for engaging in behaviours such as disobedience, lying, stealing, playing with dangerous objects, and quarrelling with siblings or other children. The study used an ecological approach to examine how multiple factors are related to parental use of and attitude toward corporal punishment. Accordingly, the result indicated that boys and younger children experience more frequent corporal punishment. Likewise, corporal punishment was found to be more prevalent and frequent among parents who were female in sex, younger in age, lower in education level, and those who had larger number of children. It was also indicated that rural residents than urban residents more frequently used vii corporal punishment. With regard to attitude towards corporal punishment, the study revealed that parents more likely to have positive attitude were female in sex, lower in education level, residents of rural area, and those who had larger number of children. Education level, number of children, place of residence, and gender, were found to be the variables that significantly predicted attitude towards corporal punishment and accounted for about 37% of the variation in attitude. The study also showed that the majority of participants are against the legal banning of either all or sever types of corporal punishment. Theoretically, the study findings provide evidence that the risk factors for the use of and attitude towards corporal punishment can be multi-level.

Child Abuse & Neglect, 2013

Objective: To reveal the prevalence of corporal punishment in a rural area of Colombia and its correlates to family structure and other socio-demographic variables. Method: A survey about childrearing and childcare was developed for this study, including a specific question about corporal punishment that was developed based on the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS). Family structure was categorized as follows, based on previous literature: 'nuclear family,' 'single parent' family, 'extended family,' 'simultaneous family' and 'composed family.' Results: Forty-one percent of the parents surveyed admitted they had used corporal punishment of their children as a disciplinary strategy. The type of family structure, the number of children living at home, the age of the children, the gender of the parent who answered the survey, and the age and gender of the partner were significant predictors of corporal punishment. Conclusion: Family structure is an important variable in the understanding of corporal punishment, especially in regard to nuclear families that have a large number of children and parents who started their parental role early in life.

2014

This study investigated dilemmas of corporal punishment of children from parents’ perspective in Jimma zone. Quantitative and qualitative approaches, 71 samples, questionnaire, interview, descriptive and thematic analyses were employed. Most parents corporally punish their children. Major contributing factors of the practice include cultural beliefs, social roles, parents’ childhood personal experiences, favorable conception of the practice and limited alternative forms of child disciplining. A dilemma regarding child corporal punishment arises on the distinction between child corporal punishment for disciplining and parent’s abusive behavior. Parents do not conceive child corporal punishment as a violation of children’s rights rather as their cultural responsibility of child nurturing. Parents in rural and urban communities differently view the potential and real effects of child corporal punishment. Male children are perceived as more knowledgeable and capable of controlli...

Practicing Anthropology, 2002

I have hit my child with a belt very hard two times, but I don't like to hit him or to scream at him often. Physical punishment is only acceptable if the child is jealous, has stolen or lies."

This study evaluated a positive parenting program to Brazilian mothers who used corporal punishment with their children. The intervention was conducted in four agencies serving vulnerable children, and at a home replica laboratory at the University. Mothers who admitted using corporal punishment were randomly assigned between experimental (n = 20) and control group (n = 20). The program consisted of 12 individual sessions using one unit from Projeto Parceria (Partnership Project), with specific guidelines and materials on positive parenting, followed by observational sessions of mother-child interaction with live coaching and a video feedback session in the lab. The study used an equivalent group experimental design with pre/ post-test and follow-up, in randomized controlled trials. Measures involved: Initial Interview; Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) – parent and child versions; Beck Depression Inventory (BDI); observational sessions with a protocol; and a Program Evaluation by participants. Analysis of mixed models for repeated measures revealed significant positive effects on the BDI and SDQ total scores, as well as less Conduct problems and Hyperactivity in SDQ measures from the experimental group mothers, comparing pre with post-test. Observational data also indicated significant improvement in positive interaction from the experimental group mothers at post-test, in comparison with controls. No significant results were found, however, in children's observational measures. Limitations of the study involved using a restricted sample, among others. Implications for future research are suggested.

A worldwide effort is being made to combat the use of corporal punishment against children. Presently, less than 10% of the children are born in countries that protect them against violence in all settings. Following this topic and encouraged to help the Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment, I started doing brief reports of the State of the Art in Lusophone countries. The one I present now focuses on the current situation in Guinea-Bissau and how efforts are being made to achieve the goal of abolishing all corporal punishment against children.

Child Abuse Review, 2017

Child discipline is a vital part of child rearing in all cultures. The need for child discipline is generally recognised, but considerable debate exists regarding the best methods. Corporal punishment (CP) is a dominant practice in Caribbean cultures. This qualitative study investigated community perceptions of the function, legality and boundaries of CP in child-rearing practices in Suriname, in which CP is defined as hitting a child on their buttocks or extremities using an open hand. Twelve focus group discussions were conducted with adolescent and adult community members from Creole and Maroon backgrounds, as well as with professionals working with children. ATLAS.ti version 7, a qualitative data package, was used to conduct the analyses. This study showed how violent forms of disciplining children are widely accepted and practiced in Suriname. CP is considered a necessary and respected form of disciplining children, particularly by parents. Participants know about the existence of the Convention on the Rights of the Child that has been ratified in Suriname, but there is a lack of knowledge about its content. Developing appropriate policy responses to violence towards children requires understanding of the perception and use of CP. Such knowledge is needed to tackle the invisibility and social acceptance of violence in child discipline.

Child Abuse & Neglect, 2016

Stopping violence against children is prioritized in goal 16 of the Sustainable Development Goals adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 2015. All forms of child corporal punishment have been outlawed in 49 countries to date. Using data from 56,371 caregivers in eight countries that participated in UNICEF's Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, we examined change from Time 1 (2005-6) to Time 2 (2008-13) in national rates of corporal punishment of 2-to 14-year-old children and in caregivers' beliefs regarding the necessity of using corporal punishment. One of the participating countries outlawed corporal punishment prior to Time 1 (Ukraine), one outlawed corporal punishment between Times 1 and 2 (Togo), two outlawed corporal punishment after Time 2 (Albania and Macedonia), and four have not outlawed corporal punishment as of 2016 (Central African Republic, Kazakhstan, Montenegro, and Sierra Leone). Rates of reported use of corporal punishment and belief in its necessity decreased over time in three countries; rates of reported use of severe corporal punishment decreased in four countries. Continuing use of corporal punishment and belief in the necessity of its use in some countries despite legal bans suggest that campaigns to promote awareness of legal bans and to educate parents regarding alternate forms of discipline are worthy of international attention and effort along with legal bans themselves.