A thousand splendid Suns

This research paper is based on Khaled Hosseini's daring effort to highlight and acknowledge the marginalization and subjugation of women in patriarchal society especially in Afghanistan. In his second novel A Thousand Splendid Suns (2007), he introduced many female characters which are victimized, sexually harassed, suppressed by both male and female figures but in-spite of all they challenged the brutality. They found their ways to live their lives and proved that if you have the courage to bear, can bear any calamity of the world and make your way to live life. There is a message for all those women of the world who are suffering from any type of male or female brutality that they can stand against all oppressions and suppressions. To be a woman is not bad, but to be a coward woman is really bad.

The primary purpose of this study is to discuss the role of woman issues in the patriarchal society of Afghanistan. In Afghan society women are subjected to male gaze. The Afghan women suffer triple suppression based on their Race, Gender and Class. Khaled Hosseini, a well-known Afghan writer who deals with the male relationships in his The Kite Runner, here, in this novel, specifically portrays two Afghan women in his second novel A Thousand Splendid Suns. Through the characters, Hosseini has represented the way in which women are subordinated by the men. Misogynism, can be applied to this study's examination of the Middle Eastern women's issues in Khaled Hosseini's A Thousand Splendid Suns. The novel, A Thousand Splendid Suns has portrayed the problems of political dominance in a larger scale suffering of Afghan women living under varied political governing parties, such as the Soviets and Talibans, gives a clear picture of the political injustices for women throughout Afghanistan. Afghan women endure to suffer low social, economic, and political status. Women of Afghan are still not allowed to travel without an accompanying male relative and without wearing burqas.

Khaled Hosseini is a living Afghan-born American novelist and physician. He is the author of three bestselling novels such as the The kite Runner, A Thousand Splendid Suns and And the Mountains Echoed. Hosseini seems to show immense interest towards the past, present and future state of Afghan, his native land in all the three novels. He plants the seed of empathy in the minds of the reader through his delineation of the struggles of the people of Afghan in various perspectives in each of his novels such as the childhood perspective in The Kite Runner, womanhood or feministic perspective in A Thousand Splendid Suns and a perspective of family reunion in And the Mountains Echoed. Hosseini"s second novel A Thousand Splendid Suns is taken for the present study to delineate the factors that marginalize the Afghan women through the social, political and religious restrictions unwillingly forced upon them in reality. Hosseini explores the present state of social exclusion of the Afghan women through the characters of Mariam and Laila in the novel. A Thousand Splendid Suns is a haunting, heartbreaking, compelling story of an unforgiving time, an unlikely friendship, and an indestructible love. It is at once an incredible chronicle of thirty years of Afghan history and a deeply moving story of family, friendship, faith, and the salvation to be found in love. The story is a narrative told from the perspectives of the two women characters, Mariam and Laila. Each shows how they were raised, what they lost as the result of war, and how in the end, their strength and enduring hope helped them face their fate.

As the period's name suggests, contemporary literature is the recent literature. It began from a certain point in the 20 th century up till now. However, we can find some works and writers belonging to the 19 th century that are categorized as contemporary. So it's not just about the year or the time, it's about the style itself and the whole atmosphere of the work of art. Now we can take a deeper look on how the way of thinking changed till the beginning of the 20 th century. In the early 20th century, when the idea that God is dead was first introduced into the general culture, it caused infinite anguish and a great sense of loss.

Instead of employing traditional Post Colonial mode of representation, the present research aims at the textual analysis of an Afghan-American writer Khaled Hosseini’s two novels — And The Mountains Echoed and A Thousand Splendid Suns under the Cultural mode of representation. Delimited to Raymond Williams’ concepts of cultural criticism i.e. ‘documentary’ and ‘social’, the analysis is comparative in nature that highlights the quality of representation of Afghan culture in the works under study. Social institution of Marriage documented by Hosseini is compared with the real Afghan culture derived from the historical background of Afghanistan. This will, hopefully, lead the critics towards a new mode of analysis.

Women's rights and liberties have suffered an unstable evolution in Middle East countries for centuries. Through the eyes of two women, Khaled Hosseini's A Thousand Splendid Suns explores almost forty years of the history of Afghanistan and delves into the loss of women's privileges. This essay aims to give a critical vision of the novel and to contrast historical periods and women's rights. Thus, using gender criticism to analyse the ideas and development of both main characters and a sociological approach to explore the historical periods and moments of upheaval the paper will try to establish how the identity of the woman is getting lost where fundamentalism reigns.

—This article intends to depict the fellowship reality in The Kite Runner, a novel by Khaled Hosseini. The truth of the nearby emotions as sibling covers the subject o f the story in three viewpoints, I. E. (an) a connection design between a sibling and his progression sibling, and (b) the tight bound between an uncle and his progression nephew. Furthermore, there is finding that the social character of various ethnic amongst upper and lower class impact Afghan " s society in numerous parts of life. The information were gathered through escalated perusing and information explore were broke down utilizing subjective enlightening strategy. The discoveries demonstrate that the fraternity the truth is clear in the connection of Amir – Hassan, and Amir-Sohrab is an impression of fellowship in Afghan " s society in the period of contention. Amir " s life is highly impacted by Hassan when he was as yet youthful, adolescents in Afghanistan till ended up grown-up and lives as migrant in America. The development of character of various ethnic reinforce the discriminative treatment among the general population. Sexual orientation correspondence has been the longest war ladies have been battling since time. All through history, ladies over the world who has battled for sexual orientation correspondence and ladies' rights are considered as women's activists. Ladies, denied of their rights don't comprehend that they are to be sure a women's activist, when they need sexual orientation balance. Ladies in Afghanistan have been experiencing sexual orientation value in its serious frame since ages. Khaled Hossini's A Thousand Splendid Suns delineates the situation of ladies behind the dividers of Afghanistan amid a few intrusions in the nation. The issue of woman's rights and sex value has been raised through the character of Mariam and Laila. The novel worries over the rights ladies were most certainly not given alongside the confinements to training, decisions and freedom that limit their extraordinary possibilities in the male commanded world. Male strength over the ladies in Afghanistan is a noteworthy worry that relates this novel to women's activist angle. Compelling relational unions, absence of flexibility, absence of character, constrained space in terms of mental, social, social and mental level and torment that was executed towards the Afghan ladies are the issues that are worried by the women's activists over the globe. The paper intends to investigate social and political treachery that has been done to the Afghan ladies versus sexual orientation value and socio political activism by the ladies of Afghanistan amid their extreme circumstances.

Throwing light on the condition of Muslim women particularly in the third world countries some of the women concerning issues are taken up again and again on national and international platform. The tradition bound and fundamental societies in such countries make the life of women challenging and difficult to bear. Adhering to the context of gender disparity and exploitation, Hosseini's 'A Thousand Splendid Suns' presents out saga of feminine woe successfully. The book focuses on the real ground of Afghanistan with the hope of gradual molding of gender friendliness that may ensure some possibilities of true progress. The present paper aims to present an attempt by the young generation writers like Hosseini who try to change the current scenario of the third world countries' women's prevalent condition, endorsing to progress and gender friendly atmosphere.

Life in Afghanistan puts female as the second sex and the victims in the culture of patriarchy. In the eye of Orientalism, women are the east. Thus, they can be colonized and suppressed (the subaltern). This study was designed to answer the question how the voice of the subaltern represented by the characters in the novel A Thousand Splendid Suns by Khaled Khosseini. Library research was applied in this study. Data were analyzed using postcolonial theory, specifically from Gayatri Spivak. The conclusion presents that both characters, Mariam and Laila, are the representations of the subaltern who created voice to fight against the oppression. Between Mariam, the symbol of traditional woman, and Laila, the symbol of modern woman, only Laila survives. However, it is impossible for Laila to achieve it without the courage and sacrifice of Mariam. ABSTRAK Wacana kehidupan di Afghanistan menempatkan perempuan sebagai "jenis kelamin kedua"dan cenderung menjadikan mereka sebagai korban budaya patriarkat. Hal ini dapat diidentikkan dengan Orientalisme yang memandang Timur (perempuan) sebagai "yang lain" yang boleh dijajah dan ditindas. Kajian ini menjawab pertanyaan bagaimana suara dari kelompok subaltern direpresentasikan para tokoh utama di novel A Thousand Splendid Suns karya Khaled Khosseini. Data dikaji dengan teori poskolonial dari Gayatri Spivak. Simpulan menyatakan bahwa tokoh Mariam dan Laila merupakan representasi subaltern di Afghanistan yang berjuang melawan penindasan. Antara Mariam yang merupakan simbol perempuan tradisional dan Laila yang merupakan simbol perempuan modern. Hanya Laila yang akhirnya berhasil bebas dari penindasan. Kendati demikian, kebebasan Laila sebagai subaltern dicapai dengan keberanian sekaligus pengorbanan Mariam.

Khaled Hosseini is an outstanding Afghan-American writer who has produced the sufferings of the Afghan people especially the Afghan women in his writings. The novel, A Thousand Splendid Suns depicts the events in the recent history of Afghanistan and creates the insight into the injustices of the society. Violence and ignorance go by hand; seize the growth of women education and the peaceful world. It projects the importance of equal gender role, love, and tolerance in the creation of the healthy world without violence. It presents the education as the sanctuary to protect the victims from the ignorance and resistance of peace. Afghan literature hails from much older Persian and Pashto traditions. During the medieval period, literature has been written in Dari, Pashto, Turkie, and Arabic. Most of the Afghan literary works have been written abroad. It is often identified with such exiles