A Review of Existing Microgrid Architectures

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2014

IJRASET, 2021

In the present world where environmental issues are posing a great threat to the survival of mankind a better yet effective way of reducing carbon emissions and improving the environment by less usage of fossil fuels was suggested. This approach was called microgrid (MG). Renewable energy resources could be used effectively to produce electricity and can be easily integrated with the conventional grid. This paper elaborates on the basic concept of microgrid, and then describes the challenges and future prospects of the microgrid. Distribution generators along with energy storage devices and proper interfacing power electronic devices are used. Working on the basis of the type of microgrid is also discussed in this paper.

2018

To achieve the goal of decarbonising the electric grid by 2050 and empowering energy citizen, this research focuses on the development of Microgrid (µGrid) systems in Irish environment. As part of the research work, an energy efficient and cost effective solution for µGrid, termed Community-µGrid (C-µGrid) is proposed. Here the users can modify their micro-Generation (µGen) converters to facilitate a single inverter in a C-µGrid structure. The new system could allow: (i) technological advantage of improved Power Quality (PQ); (ii) economic advantage of reduced cost of energy (COE) to achieve sustainability. Analysis of scenarios of C-µGrid (AC) systems is performed for a virtual community in Dublin, Ireland. It consists of (10 to 50) similar type of residential houses and assumes that each house has a wind-based µGen system. It is found that, compared to individual off-grid µGen systems, an off-grid C-µGrid can reduce upto 35% of energy storage capacity. Thus it helps to reduce the COE from €0.22/kWh to 0.16/kWh.

2010 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition: Latin America (T&D-LA), 2010

The objective of this paper is to present the current status and state-of-the-art of microgrid systems as well as the barriers that are being encountered for their integration to the network. The expectation about the microgrid performance is high, thus, issues related to the microgrid standards, autonomous operation, control strategies, regulatory barriers as well as its protection and islanding operation, among other aspects, will be discussed herein. Some examples of practical installations worldwide will also be presented.

This paper presents the current status and challenges of microgrid systems as well as the barriers that should be encountered for their integration to the electrical power network. The important issues related to the microgrid are its, autonomous operation, control strategies, regulatory barriers and protection in islanding operation which are being discussed in this paper. Some examples of practical installations worldwide will also be presented.

IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy

For power grids with high penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs), microgrids can provide operation and control capabilities for clusters of DERs and load. Furthermore, microgrids enhance resilience of the hosting bulk power grid if they are enabled to serve critical load beyond the jurisdiction of the microgrids. For widespread deployment of microgrids, a modular and standardized Microgrid Building Block (MBB) is essential to help reduce the cost and increase reliability. This paper proposes the conceptual design of an MBB with integrated features of power conversion, control, and communications, resulting in a systemwide controller for the entire microgrid. The results of a feasibility study indicate that, in a utility-connected mode, MBB-based microgrids can exchange power with the hosting power grid while serving regulation and optimal dispatch functions. In a resiliency (islanded) mode when the microgrid is disconnected from the utility system, the MBB control system acts to stabilize the system frequency and voltage under small or large disturbances. The microgrid controller is supported by a communication system that meets the latency requirements imposed by the microgrid dynamics as well as data acquisition time. The extended IEEE 13-node system is used as a microgrid model to validate the proposed MBB design and functionality.

Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2010

International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, 2014

Grid connection capability of distributed generation attracts researchers due to the cumulative demand for electricity and environment pollution concern as a new emerging technology for providing reliable and clean power supply. A microgrid comprises distributed generation, energy storage, loads, and a control system that is capable of operating in grid-tied mode and/or islanded mode. As operation modes are shifted, the microgrid should successfully manage the voltage and frequency adjustment in order to protect the grid and any loads connected to the system. Facilitation of the generation-side and load-side management and the resynchronization process is required. This paper presents an overall description and typical distributed generation technology of a microgrid. It also adds a comprehensive study on energy storage devices, microgrid loads, interfaced distributed energy resources (DER), power electronic interface modules and the interconnection of multiple microgrids. Details o...

The term "Smart Grid" can be described as technology innovation that people are utilizing to bring utility electricity distribution and consumption system into the modern era, by increased use of information technology, communications and automation. Micro-grid can be referred to as a small scale power gird that operates independently grid in combination with the main electrical grid. A microgrid control system allows an orchestration of generation, storage, load and demand for energy. Microgrid can make application of smart grid much easier with great improved reliability. Smart microgrid is an ideal way to incorporate the variable renewable energy sources at a local level. Some advantages include reliability, cost reduction and carbon emission reduction. Smart meters can be installed in a specific area which can track power consumption and generation and send the data to microgrid. Data sent to microgrid is analysed and stored for recycling of energy. Smart grid when implemented to microgrid can increase the systems reliability and efficiency by intelligent transmission and distribution network between users and microgrid. Benefits and new technology advancements made in smart Microgrid will be discussed in this paper.