Writing a scientific article

Acta Med Indones, 2007

Indian Journal of Anaesthesia, 2016

Publication has become a burning issue among Indian medical fraternity owing to certain academic and professional necessities. The large number of submissions to the anaesthesia journals has resulted in accumulation of too much below average scientific material. A properly written manuscript is the dream of every editor and reviewer. The art of preparing a manuscript can be acquired only by following certain basic rules and technical aspects, besides knowledge and skills. Before preparing the manuscript, a target journal should be considered. All the instructions to the authors pertaining to that particular journal should be followed meticulously before preparing the manuscript for submission. The basic structure of the manuscript to be followed can be summarised by the acronym IMRaD (introduction, methods, results and discussion). The current review article aims to highlight all those mandatory and desirable features which should be kept in consideration while preparing a scientific manuscript for publication.

International journal of endocrinology and metabolism, 2018

A well-written introduction of a scientific paper provides relevant background knowledge to convince the readers about the rationale, importance, and novelty of the research. The introduction should inform the readers about the "problem", "existing solutions", and "main limitations or gaps of knowledge". The authors' hypothesis and methodological approach used to examine the research hypothesis should also be stated. After reading a good introduction, readers should be guided through "a general context" to "a specific area" and "a research question". Incomplete, inaccurate, or outdated reviews of the literature are the more common pitfalls of an introduction that may lead to rejection. This review focuses on the principles of writing the introduction of an article and provides a quick look at the essential points that should be considered for writing an optimal introduction.

""Writing an abstract for a medical journal article could be a daunting task for inexperienced authors. This paper provided a guide to good abstract writing for medical science articles using examples published in a range of journals. By giving a definition of a good abstract, it highlighted the purposes, features, and structure of a good medical science abstract, and illustrated these with examples culled from articles published in peer reviewed journals. The unique features of each section were stressed as well as the need for brevity, objectivity, comprehensiveness, logical organization, good grammatical writing, and compliance with journal’s specifications with respect to word length and structure. The need for thoroughness in the revision of the abstract was equally emphasized. The authors believe that this paper could serve as a good guide to new and aspiring medical science authors. Keywords: Abstract, journal article, publication, writing style "" Citation: Ezeala CC, Ezeala MO. (2013). The tits and bits of good abstract writing for a medical science journal article. from: http://fnu.academia.edu/ProfChristianChinyereEzeala/Papers

Kosin Medical Journal

Excellent research in the fields of medicine and medical science can advance the field and contribute to human health improvement. In this aspect, research is important. However, if researchers do not publish their research, their efforts cannot benefit anyone. To make a difference, researchers must disseminate their results and communicate their opinions. One way to do this is by publishing their research. Therefore, academic writing is an essential skill for researchers. However, preparing a manuscript is not an easy task, and it is difficult to write well. Following a structure may be helpful for researchers. For example, the standard structure of medical and medical science articles includes the following sections: introduction, methods, results, and discussion (IMRAD). The purpose of this review is to present an introduction for researchers, especially novices, on how to write an original article in the field of medicine and medical science. Therefore, we discuss how to prepare...

International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism

The "results section" of a scientific paper provides the results related to all measurements and outcomes that have been posted earlier in the materials and methods section. This section consists of text, figures, and tables presenting detailed data and facts without interpretation and discussion. Results may be presented in chronological order, general to specific order, most to least important order, or may be organized according to the topic/study groups or experiment/measured parameters. The primary content of this section includes the most relevant results that correspond to the central question stated in the introduction section, whether they support the hypothesis or not. Findings related to secondary outcomes and subgroup analyses may be reported in this section. All results should be presented in a clear, concise, and sensible manner. In this review, we discuss the function, content, and organization of the "results section," as well as the principles and the most common tips for the writing of this section.

The title is the main advertisement for an article and enables the reader to decide whether they want to read the article or not. The title should be simple, specific and reflect the article's content clearly and precisely in 10 - 15 words. The abstract summarizes the whole article in 200 to 250 words and should be structured for a research article. It includes the problem or the study objectives, the methods used, the main results obtained and the conclusion reached. Most authors write the abstract last, so that it accurately reflects the content of the article. Keywords are placed below the abstract and are usually 3 - 7 in number. Choosing right keywords will enhance the article being found by other researchers as these are used by abstracting and indexing services. Ultimately, a well-cited research article depends on how well the title, abstract and keywords are written.

Problems of Education in the 21st Century, 2019

Scientific article writing is undoubtedly an inseparable part of academic activity. Every researcher/scientist, in one way or another, has to declare scientific research activity results, i.e., to publish in scientific press. If this is not done, it is considered that a scientific work is not finished regardless of the size of the research/experiments carried out and so on. Such information has to be completely understandable not only in the academic environment but also in society. Publications in the international and independent science journals acknowledged in the academic community show the real value of the scientist and his works. This does not mean in any way that the other level publications are not necessary (Lamanauskas, 2013). Every publication has its auditorium, purpose, aims and so on. Regardless of the type of publication broadly speaking, it has to be appropriately prepared. On the other hand, every scientist and/or researcher is different, first of all, in the sense of academic literacy. Academic literacy formation is one of the constituents of the academic activity. Thus, an appropriate academic literacy level is necessary. The question only is what an appropriate level means. According to the researchers, academic literacy is a complex wholeness of abilities, knowledge and attitudes covering both general and special items, typical only for academic literacy (Žukauskienė & Erentaitė, 2011). Writing, first of all, is a direct analysed material/information presentation in written form and visualisations, isn't it? And such presentation is inevitably focused on other people, i.e. scientific information consumers/ readers, who are not exhaustively acquainted with the particular research and/or area of interests. Academic writing is a manifold construct joining such essential elements as specific science field understanding, scientific research methodology understanding, statistics knowledge, finally, native and foreign language culture understanding. For academic writing, it is important to understand well not only scientific text characteristics (e.g., clearness, completeness, originality) but also responsibility (e.g., research methodology validity/reliability/suitability, formulated conclusions and /or presented recommendations). It is understandable that researchers are people having different qualifications, experience and so on. However, inevitably each of them constantly encounters academic writing challenges. Scientific research activity is not a static, unchanging thing, on the contrary, it is a dynamic activity. From the classical point of view, there exist two though closely related however different scientific activity processes. The first one is search for a scientific research idea, grounding, research planning and carrying out. The second one is the carried-out research description and presentation. Presentation is usually understood as research procedure and result public announcement. Despite the fact that plenty of various advice, recommendations, examples on academic writing questions are published, nevertheless, it is necessary to accentuate some essential things preparing a scientific article. Here the focus is put on social science field scientific publication preparation (for example, education). On the other hand, we think that it is useful for the other field scientists as well.

Problems of Education in the 21st Century, ISSN 1822-7864, 2019

Writing and publishing scientific articles (research, review, position etc. articles) are referred to as responsible academic activities. Any scientist/researcher is somehow involved in scientific writing. Thus, this is a technique assisting the researcher with demonstrating individual performance. Most of the main scientific/research journals are published in English, and therefore scientific information is made internationally available by a wide audience and actually becomes accessible to every scientist and/or researcher. On the other hand, a valid point is that scientific/research journals are published in different national languages. Nevertheless, it should be noted that science policy has recently become one-dimensional and resulting in a blind orientation towards support for scientific/research journals published in English. As noted by Poviliunas and Ramanauskas (2008), national languages face a legitimate risk of becoming domesticated and to one degree or another being excluded from scientific, cultural, education and public areas of life. However, this is material for another discussion. Still, every researcher finds relevant to properly prepare a scientific article, i.e. describe the conducted research and publish the obtained results. The previous editorial attempts were made to discuss the fundamental structural elements of the scientific/research article, including the title, summary and keywords (Lamanauskas, 2019). This time, efforts are exerted to share certain insights and gained experience in writing the introduction to the article.