Metamorphoses of citizenship

Visnik Nacional’nogo universitetu «Lvivska politehnika». Seria: Uridicni nauki, 2017

The present paper is offering a short account of citizenship, its history, its constitution and its main theoretical approaches. It is divided in four principal sections. The first, examines the two main theories of citizenship in their historical and normative context, thus the republican and liberal approach of citizenship as they were formed in the ancient Greek and Roman tradition, as well as in their current feminist critic. The second part focuses in the analyses of what seems up until now to be the most influential work on citizenship, the essay of the British sociologist, Thomas Humphrey Marshall "Citizenship and Social class", which was published in 1950 and since then it is considered to be the stepping stone of the international literature on citizenship. The third part presents the "constitution" of citizenship, the elements of which the notion of citizen is crafted, thus membership in a certain political community, rights and the ability of democratic participation. Finally, the last part examines the modern apprehension of citizenship, its supranational dynamic, its ability to act as a means of integration and coercion in the modern liberal democracies, while theories of pluralism, cosmopolitanism and post-nationalism are taken into account. Instead of conclusions, the paper is closing with a short postscript concerning the fallacies and prospects of a European citizenship.

'Citizenship: Historical Development of', in James Wright (ed), International Encyclopaedia of Social and Behavioural Sciences, 2nd ed., Elsevier, forthcoming 2014

Historically, the distinctive core of citizenship has been the possession of the formal status of membership of a political and legal entity and having particular sorts of rights and obligations within it. This core understanding of citizenship goes back to classical times and coalesced around two broad understandings of citizenship stemming from ancient Greece and Imperial Rome respectively that later evolved into what came to be termed the ‘republican’ and ‘liberal’ accounts of citizenship. This entry first examines these two classic views, then looks at how they changed during the Renaissance and Reformation, and finally turns to the ways the two were to some extent brought together following the American and French revolutions within the liberal-democratic nation state.

Pearson , 2012

Citizenship is an ambiguous and contested concept. Its ambiguity stems from the fact that it refers at the same time to a normative and a positive reality. The idea of citizenship has developed over several historical periods. Its form and substance have not remained the same but changed according to specific historical contexts. This chapter attempts to map out the conceptual journey of citizenship by providing a thick overview of its origin and evolution from the classical ancient Greece and Imperial Rome till its consolidation (from 19th century to the late 20th century) in the Liberal (Universal) idea. Since the nineteen eighties, globalization and multiculturalism have provided the contexts within which this notion of citizenship has been understood and challenged.

Chapter 5 from The City of Reason vol 1 Cities and Citizenship by Dr Peter Critchley The modern world is suffering from a crisis of political socialisation and representation. So many people in so many parts of the developed world are disengaging from politics as now practised and expressing increasing levels of dissatisfaction with the way that politics is currently being conducted. At the same time there is a participatory revolution underway. More and more people are getting involved in issues that, by any definition, can be considered political. With these developments comes an increased interest in what politics is, has been and ought to be. What are the origins of political concepts and how have they come to be what they now are? This book takes a philosophical and historical approach to the origin and evolution of political ideas, attempting to reveal the how and why of politics, continually tracing the unfolding of the ideal within the real, the rational within the actual with a view to its complete fruition in the future. This book is not another history of ideas on the subject of freedom. Rather, it is an historical socio-philosophy of rational freedom with an explicitly political purpose and goal. The aim is to understand how individuals are capable of becoming citizens through socially constructing freedom as a public value. In the course of this inquiry the extent to which freedom is a contested concept becomes clear. Freedom means different things to different sections of society at different times and in different places. Since the value of freedom has been a staple of philosophy, there is a need to examine the works of political philosophers to see how far they have clarified or obscured the potentials of the value. The question concerns how this freedom, which emerges in the social practices of the people, comes to be reconstructed politically and philosophically in order to provide norms for the state and law. The arguments of philosophers have influenced the valorization, articulation, comprehension, dissemination, and institutionalisation of the value. The question is whether codification and institutionalisation represents the realisation of freedom or its denial.

paper, 2015

Historically, the distinctive core of citizenship has been the possession of the formal status of membership of a political and legal entity and having particular sorts of rights and obligations within it. This core understanding of citizenship goes back to classical times and coalesced around two broad understandings of citizenship stemming from ancient Greece and Imperial Rome respectively that later evolved into what came to be termed the 'republican' and 'liberal' accounts of citizenship. This entry first examines these two classic views, then looks at how they changed during the Renaissance and Reformation, and finally turns to the ways the two were to some extent brought together following the American and French revolutions within the liberal-democratic nation state.

2002

Citizenship, 2014

An obvious question arises given the multiple transformations of the character of citizenship: namely, are there any defining characteristics of citizenship that enable us to identify all these different conceptions as variations on the same basic concept? Or are they all so different that it is misleading to assume that any real continuity underlies the use of the same term to refer to very different phenomena? At least one reason for thinking that looking for some continuity is not entirely misplaced is historical. As John Pocock (1995) noted, within the western political tradition, at least, the writings of ancient Greek and Roman authors on citizenship have been ‘classic’ not simply in deriving from a period often deemed ‘classical’ but in being acknowledged as setting the terms of reference for later theories. To a greater or lesser degree, subsequent theories have conceived themselves as adopting, adapting, adding to, abstracting from and abandoning key features of these classic positions. In what follows, I begin by looking at the classic conceptions and the underlying concept they articulate. I then turn to the ways in which they have been subsequently interpreted and reworked. As I shall note, this historical approach to understanding citizenship combines elements of both the sociological and normative approaches of current theorists.

Law & Social Inquiry, 1994