Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.
To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser.
2011, Ratarstvo i povrtarstvo
Legumes have been an important part of cropping systems since the dawn of agriculture. The shift in Europe from draught animals to meat animals coincided with the increasing availability of soybean meal from North and South America, and the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union promoted the growing of cereals and oilseeds at the expense of other crops, so legumes fell out of favour with farmers and decision-makers. Continental concerns about food and feed security, high prices of oil and soybean meal, and advances in the application of fundamental molecular genetics to crop species, all mean that now is a good opportunity to promote the return of legumes to European cropping systems by enhancing the ef ciency of research and development on this family. Hence we propose the establishment of a Legume Society that will promote information exchange and scienti c productivity by uniting the various legume research communities.
South African Journal of Botany 89: 3–9, 2013
Legume systematists have been making great progress in understanding evolutionary relationships within the Leguminosae (Fabaceae), the third largest family of flowering plants. As the phylogenetic picture has become clearer, so too has the need for a revised classification of the family. The organization of the family into three subfamilies and 42 tribes is outdated and evolutionarily misleading. The three traditionally recognized subfamilies, Caesalpinioideae,Mimosoideae, and Papilionoideae, do not adequately represent relationshipswithin the family. The occasion of the Sixth International LegumeConference in Johannesburg, South Africa in January 2013, with its theme “Towards a new classification system for legumes,” provided the impetus to move forward with developing a new classification. A draft classification, based on current phylogenetic results and a set of principles and guidelines, was prepared in advance of the conference as the basis for discussion. The principles, guidelines, and draft classification were presented and debated at the conference. The objectives of the discussion were to develop consensus on the principles that should guide the development of the classification, to discuss the draft classification's strengths and weaknesses and make proposals for its revision, and identify and prioritize phylogenetic deficiencies that must be resolved before the classification could be published. This paper describes the collaborative process by a large group of legume systematists, publishing under the name Legume Phylogeny Working Group, to develop a new phylogenetic classification system for the Leguminosae. The goals of this paper are to inform the broader legume community, and others, of the need for a revised classification, and spell out clearly what the alternatives and challenges are for a new classification system for the family.
2021
The study addresses the major role of grain legumes in relation to the main challenges of agricultural sector as biodiversity conservation, soil fertility, use of resources on agro food chain, human and environment health. The focus was on species Phaseolus vulgaris, Ph. coccineus, Lathyrus sativus, Vigna radiata, Pisum sativum, Vicia faba, Cicer arietinum, Lens culinaris. The study included ample documentation related to recently developed EU new protein plan and H2020 currently developed projects focused on the paramount potential of food legume species in (1) sustainable agriculture modern (inter)cropping schemes designed to reduce use of external inputs (2) agrobiodiversity and conservation a vast amount of leguminous genetic resources hosted by different institutes in frame of major collections and strategies to make the resources available and useful for different end user categories (3) food security and human health human plant protein intake is on the rise in many EU region...
The Plant Family Fabaceae, 2020
Intensive agriculture and meat-based westernized diets have brought a heavy environmental burden to the planet. Legumes, or pulses, are members of the large Fabaceae (Leguminosae) family, which comprise about 5% of all plant species. They are ancient crops whose popularity both for farmers and consumers has gone
Trends in Plant Science, 2005
Advances in Agronomy
There is a great demand for high-protein materials for livestock feed in Europe and European agriculture has a deficit of about 70% high protein materials of which 87% is met by imported soybean and soy meal. This reflects the fact that grain legumes are currently under represented in European agriculture and produced on only 1.5 % of the arable land in Europe compared with 14.5% on a worldwide basis. Several grain legumes have the potential to replace at least some of the soya currently used in the diets of monogastric animals, ruminants and fish. There are also opportunities for greater use of legumes in new foods. Here we review the contribution of ecosystem services by grain legumes in European agriculture starting with provisioning services in terms of food and feed and moving on to the contribution they make to both regulating and supporting services which are in part due to the diversity which these crops bring to cropping systems. We explore the need to understand grain legume production on the time scale of a rotation rather than a cropping season in order to value and manage the agronomic challenges of weed, pests and diseases alongside the maintenance or improvement of soil structure, soil organic matter and nutrient cycling. A review of policy interventions to support grain legumes reveals that until very recently these have failed to make a difference in Europe. We contrast the European picture with the interventions that have allowed the development of grain legume production in both Canada and Australia. Whether farmers choose to grow more legumes will depend on market opportunities, the development of supply chains and policy support as well as technical improvements of grain legume production such as breeding of new varieties and management development to improve yield stability. However, to really increase the production of grain legumes in Europe the issues are far more wide reaching than agronomy or subsidy and require a fundamental rethinking of value chains to move grain legumes from being niche products to mainstream commodities.
Journal of Applied Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2021
There are many challenges facing the cultivation of legumes that lead to lowering productivity, making it unattractive for cultivation in different areas worldwide. Which include genetic, socioeconomic restrictions, in addition to institutional constraints, environmental conditions, besides the technological restrictions. Genetic constraints, affect the production and breeding of leguminous crops due to difficulties of crossbreeding cultivated and wild species. Climate change conditions represent another factor pressure legumes production that requires the urgent achievement of agronomic and genetic practice. Legumes need more attention in the near future to improving productivity and provide the required food needs for the population around the world. There are various ways include policy initiatives to promote food security. Produce legume varieties adapted to changing climatic conditions of heat and drought considered essential factors to legume production worldwide. Furthermore, developing the production and availability of legumes through using proper agricultural strategies to increase annual cultivation whether by horizontal expansion through increasing cultivated area and reclamation of desert lands or by Vertical expansion and intensifying cultivation as well as intercropping legumes with other crops and introducing legumes into the agricultural rotation, reducing postharvest losses, in addition to using technology. On another side, including pulses into the agricultural system as part of the crop system, provide many direct and indirect benefits in agriculture, health, feed, also, contributes to reducing the negative impacts of climate change, protecting the environment, and sustain legumes productivity.
Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 2014
Frontiers in Genetics
Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 2009
The Plant Genome, 2013
The importance of biological nitrogen fixation, as delivered by legume supported cropping systems to help underpin sustainable food production, is generally agreed by stakeholders spanning the whole supply-chain. Despite this, legume-supported cropping-systems in Europe remain underutilised, as the vast majority Europe’s protein requirement is satisfied by sources external to the continent. Such imports originate predominantly from the Americas and are mainly delivered in bulk as soybeans which constitute a major component of animal feeds. This scenario caters for consumer demands within Europe, and meets the rising international demand for meat consumption. The result is European cropping systems dominated by non-legumes requiring large inputs of man-made mineral-nitrogen fertiliser plus other nutrients and pesticides with consequent negative environmental impacts, including poor human diets. Even if aggregation of European legume production were to offset such imports, a large-sca...
Ann Agric Crop Sci, 2022
Legumes cultivation is subjected to different constraints, which reduce productivity, particularly effects of global warming, and other constraints. While the large diversity of legumes play an important contributing role to food and nutrition security by the sustainable agriculture (crop and livestock systems) and food systems worldwide. Improving legumes production needs numerous strategies achievement proper production for humanity. Through different ways that include policy creativities to encourage legume cultivation, produce legume varieties adapted to changing climatic conditions. In addition to using proper agricultural strategies to increase the availability of legumes like increasing annual cultivation by both horizontal extensions by increasing planted area and reclamation the poor soil and using intensive planting system as a Vertical development tool. Besides, planting legumes with other crops in the intercropping system, as well as involving legumes into the annual agriculture system, improving postharvest processing to minimize crop losses. Furthermore, using modern technology in agriculture like smart agriculture to increase legumes productivity. There are many health benefits to legume crops due to their component, particularly protein, which reaches two or threefold as in other crops such as cereals, which contain less than half of the protein in legumes. In addition to carbohydrates, folic acid, fibers, also, legumes are considered low-fat seeds. In addition, to using leguminous crops as fodder resources for animals both directly and as a part of different feeds for livestock and poultry.
Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2014
ABSTRACT Legume growing has many benefits. Indeed legumes provide plant proteins for animal feed and human food. Legumes fix atmospheric N2 and, in turn, provide cheap and green N fertilisers. Additionally, legumes are used as diversification crops in rotations based on oilseed rape and cereals. Despite those benefits, legume crops in Europe represent less than 4 % of arable lands, and European legume seeds are underused for animal and human nutrition. Nonetheless, European authorities are now fostering the development of legume crops for sustainable agriculture. Here, we analyse forage and grain legume-producing systems since 1950 in order to identify the actual constraints of legume development. We show that legumes can contribute to the agroecological transition for sustainable agriculture, food and energy and for sustainable agri-food systems. Then, we point out that high added-value niche markets are required for supporting legume production. The major research needs identified are (1) analysing the constraints of the current systems and identifying ways of moving towards systems that include more legumes, (2) identifying new and diversified uses for legumes in a sustainable food chain, (3) assessing and improving the ecosystem services provided by legumes at cropping system and territory scales and (4) promoting agroecology through and for legume crop management.
Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 2021
Legume grains are important sources of nutrients in human and animal diets and have been so for millennia. Their history as part of traditional diets dates to the origins of agriculture when their benefits for soil health and agricultural productivity started to be realized, mostly empirically, by farmers. In time, legumes have lost their popularity as human food, either because of a negative connotation as “poor man's meat,” occasional gastrointestinal side effects, or habitually longer preparation times when compared to other types of plant foods. Also, the steep rise in the consumption of meat derived foods in the last half of a century has taken a toll on replacing legumes as a major protein source. Alongside this negative trend in consumption, a negative drift in production was also observed, especially in Europe, where legumes currently occupy a minimal fraction of agricultural land. One of the main factors is a loss in competitive edge amongst farmers due to sustained low...
2014
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.
Frontiers in Genetics
Domestication is a dynamic and ongoing process of transforming wild species into cultivated species by selecting desirable agricultural plant features to meet human needs such as taste, yield, storage, and cultivation practices. Human plant domestication began in the Fertile Crescent around 12,000 years ago and spread throughout the world, including China, Mesoamerica, the Andes and Near Oceania, Sub-Saharan Africa, and eastern North America. Indus valley civilizations have played a great role in the domestication of grain legumes. Crops, such as pigeon pea, black gram, green gram, lablab bean, moth bean, and horse gram, originated in the Indian subcontinent, and Neolithic archaeological records indicate that these crops were first domesticated by early civilizations in the region. The domestication and evolution of wild ancestors into today’s elite cultivars are important contributors to global food supply and agricultural crop improvement. In addition, food legumes contribute to f...
Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 2014
2000
The geographical designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IPGRI or the CGIAR concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Similarly, the views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of these participating organizations.
Plant, Cell & Environment, 2018
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation, which is carried out by the legume-rhizobia partnership, is a major source of nitrogen acquisition in natural ecosystems and in agriculture. The benefits to the plant gained through the rhizobial-legume symbiosis can be further enhanced by associations of the legume with arbuscular mycorrhiza. The progressive engagement of the legume host with the rhizobial bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi requires an extensive exchange of signalling molecules. These signals alter the transcriptional profiles of the partners, guiding and enabling extensive microbial and fungal proliferation in the roots. Such interactions and associations are greatly influenced by environmental stresses, which also severely limit the productivity of legume crops. Part II of the Special Issue on Legumes provides new insights into the mechanisms that underpin sustainable symbiotic partnerships, as well as the effects of abiotic stresses, such as drought, waterlogging, and salinity on legume biology. The requirement for germplasm and new breeding methods is discussed as well as the future of legume production in the face of climate change.
Genomic Selection for Crop Improvement, 2017
Loading Preview
Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.