Future works on TWCC system

This research presents the application of FMEA method on Three-Way Catalytic Converter (TWC) system. Catalytic converter of auto-exhaust emission is one of the most successful applications of heterogeneous catalysis, both in commercial and environmental point of view. Catalytic converter has been proved critical to controlling pollution of CO-HC-NOx caused by automobile sources. TWC system functional lifetime is affected due to catalysts deactivation causes. Latest legislation required carmakers to produced longer lifetime for TWC system. This research is conducted by using Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) method. This method is used on Three-Way Catalytic Converter (TWC) system and design to determine and ranks its potential deactivation factors. FMEA method is a systematic and analytical quality planning tool for identifying and addressing what potentially could go wrong with a product or process. It is widely accepted that FMEA is one of the best quality improvement tool. For the last several decades, FMEA has been widely used in industry especially in automotive sectors. It is expected to enhance the lifetime of the TWC by improving its resistance to deactivation. This aim will be achieved by providing/suggesting recommendation action plan to the TWC system to improve its quality via lowering the exhaust emission. One of practical contributions of this research is to provide guidelines to quality engineer in monitoring the efficiency of TWC system from the FMEA report. This research will be covering on the system and design of the TWC itself as the most important part for controlling the exhaust emission from automobiles. The model used in this study is a Spark Ignition (SI) gasoline engine. Improving its resistance to deactivation will contribute to longer lifetime of automotive catalytic converter.

This chapter intends to analyze the result from FMEA study on the Three-Way Catalytic Converter (TWC) system. The analysis is conducted by using Pareto Chart to ranks the value of RPN from the highest to the lowest values. It is expected to determine numbers of potential failure modes that require post-FMEA study. From the RPN ranks cutoff value is determined to segregate which factors need to undergo the next step of this method of study. This research will cover mostly on the system and design of the TWC itself as the most important part for controlling the exhaust emission from automobiles. By quantifying and ranks the RPN, readers will be presented with numerical value of seriousness of potential failures to the system.

This paper intends to present the application of FMEA method on Three-Way Catalytic Converter (TWC) system. Catalytic converter of auto-exhaust emission is one of the most successful applications of heterogeneous catalysis, both in commercial and environmental point of view. FMEA method will be applied to this system to quantitatively determine and evaluate its risk factors. This method is being employed effectively for identifying and addressing what potentially could go wrong with a product or process. It is expected to enhance the lifetime of the TWC by improving its resistance to deactivation. It is widely accepted that FMEA is one of the best quality improvement tool. For the last several decades, FMEA has been widely used in industry especially in automotive sectors. This research will cover mostly on the system and design of the TWC itself as the most important part for controlling the exhaust emission from automobiles. By improving its resistance to deactivation will contribute to longer lifetime of automotive catalytic converter.

This chapter intends to present the application of FMEA method on Three-Way Catalytic Converter (TWC) system. Catalytic converter of auto-exhaust emission is one of the most successful applications of heterogeneous catalysis, both in commercial and environmental point of view. This research is conducted by using Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) method. This method is used on Three-Way Catalytic Converter (TWC) system and design to determine and ranks its potential deactivation factors. FMEA method is a systematic and analytical quality planning tool for identifying and addressing what potentially could go wrong with a product or process. It is expected to enhance the lifetime of the TWC by improving its resistance to deactivation. It is widely accepted that FMEA is one of the best quality improvement tool. For the last several decades, FMEA has been widely used in industry especially in automotive sectors. This research will cover mostly on the system and design of the TWC itself as the most important part for controlling the exhaust emission from automobiles. By improving its resistance to deactivation will contribute to longer lifetime of automotive catalytic converter.

This chapter provides insight on causes and mechanisms of catalyst deactivation. Data and information was taken from previous research and literature review conducted that related to the usage of TWC. From this chapter, reader will be provided with fundamental information of potential failure modes for three-way catalysts. From the findings, summary of deactivation causes is presented in table format. This chapter covers on catalysts deactivation for TWC components. Value of this chapter is to group major causes of deactivation into classes of types for understanding before proceed to the next step of FMEA study.

This chapter is an introduction to Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA). It outlines the objectives of FMEA, reasons and benefits of performing FMEA and the limitations of the technique. FMEA is a systematic method of seeking out potential causes of failure before they become reality. It is intended to be applied during the development stages of a product or process, when it is being defined and designed and when the production/delivery is being planned. It is also beginning to be used in the design of systems. This chapter addresses the overview of FMEA technique, its brief history, benefit and limitation of this technique.

This chapter explains on the product review of Three-Way Catalytic converter. The review includes brief introduction and process flowchart of automotive exhaust systems equipped with TWC system for pollution abatement. By constructing process flowchart, it will give clear understanding to the reader and FMEA team about exhaust emission system. Data and information was extracted from literature reviews conducted that have relation with TWC study. It is expected from this chapter, will provide complete information of process workflow starting from exhaust gases leaving manifold until it is released to the environment through the tailpipe. The process and chemical reaction that happen in the TWC is represented in flow chart diagram. The study conducted will restrict only for exhaust system currently being implemented in gasoline spark ignition engine. There is slight difference in terms of exhaust system between gasoline and diesel automotive system. Process flowchart in considered as the critical step in performing FMEA study in order to give clear information to the FMEA team before proceed to the next step.

This chapter explains the overview of automotive Three-Way Catalytic Converter (TWC) system. It describes about the problem statement, brief history of automotive catalyst, general description of TWC treatment process and also on catalyst deactivation summary. Data and information was taken from previous research and literature review conducted that related to the usage of TWC. It is expected to give some glimpse of what is happening inside the TWC to produce clean emission from automotive sources. This chapter will focus on emission control system from gasoline fueled spark ignition engine because of some difference with emission control system from diesel engine. Getting detailed information about TWC is very important before moving on to the next step in conducting FMEA study. This is the first step in conducting this method of analysis.

Automotive three-way catalysts (TWCs) have represented over the last 25 years one of the most successful stories in the development of catalysts. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the technology for abatement of exhaust emissions by analysing the current understanding of TWCs, the specific role of the various components, the achievements and the limitations. The challenges in the development of new automotive catalysts, which can meet future highly demanding pollution abatement requirements, are also discussed.

Catalysts, 2014

Automotive Three-Way Catalysts (TWC) were introduced more than 40 years ago. Despite that, the development of a sustainable TWC still remains a critical research topic owing to the increasingly stringent emission regulations together with the price and scarcity of precious metals. Among other material classes, perovskite-type oxides are known to be valuable alternatives to conventionally used TWC compositions and have demonstrated to be suitable for a wide range of automotive applications, ranging from TWC to Diesel Oxidation Catalysts (DOC), from NO x Storage Reduction catalysts (NSR) to soot combustion catalysts. The interest in these catalysts has been revitalized in the past ten years by the introduction of the concept of catalyst regenerability of perovskite-based TWC, which is in principle well applicable to other catalytic processes as well, and by the possibility to reduce the amounts of critical elements, such as precious metals without seriously lowering the catalytic performance. The aim of this review is to show that perovskite-type oxides have the potential to fulfil the requirements (high activity, stability, and possibility to be included into structured catalysts) for implementation in TWC.