Lexicology and Lexicography

2008

U p till qui te recent ly there has been a gap be tween lex icography and linguistic theory. Moreover , in some quarters lexicography was looked down upon as a purely practical enterprise unwor thy of scholarly interest . I am convinced, however , tha t sound lexicography can only be based on sound linguistic theory and that recent theoretical deve lopments are of pa ramoun t importance for practical dictionary making. There are five principles inherent in modern l inguist ic theory that are of immediate relevance to systematic lexicography and may help to bridge the gap between the two: 1) The reconstruction of the "na ive" (language) picture of the world, or the pattern of conceptual izat ions underlying lexical and grammatical meanings of the given language. 2) The unification of grammatical and lexicological studies within what may be called an integrated linguistic description, or a fully coordinated description of dictionary and grammar . Such a description requires ...

2020

Course: Lexis and Morphology Course Outline for students with weekly schedule and info about the course

Lexikos, 2010

Two main camps have been formed with regard to the philosophical and academic status of lexicography: one considering lexicography an independent scientific discipline, and the other opposing such a scientific status. This article discusses some of the arguments from the second camp and argues that lexicography should be considered an independent scientific discipline. The argumentation is based on the fact that the subject field of lexicography is different from the subject fields of any other discipline, including linguistics. In this sense, the concept of a lexicographical work is broader than the more reduced concept of a dictionary. Lexicographical works, including dictionaries, are considered cultural artefacts and utility tools produced in order to meet punctual information needs detected in society. In this way, they have during the millenniums covered almost all spheres of human activity and knowledge. The theory and science of lexicography should not focus on the differences regarding the specific content of all these works, but on aspects that unite them and are common to all of them. In this regard, some of the core characteristics of lexicography as an independent discipline are discussed together with its complex relation to other disciplines. Lexicographical theory is understood as a systematic set of statements about its subject field. Finally, the article argues that the fact that this theory may seem too abstract and difficult to some working lexicographers does not in itself invalidate its independent scientific status, although a close relation between theory and practice is recommended.

The Cambridge Handbook of Corpus Linguistics (Biber, D. & Reppen, R. to appear)

"Corpus linguistics has contributed to lexicography in a number of ways (cf. Hanks, 2009). However, it is probably in the lexicographical treatment of phraseology that corpus linguistics has had the most revolutionizing effect. Evidence of word use in corpora has shown to an unprecedented extent that words are not isolates but rather combine with each other in preferred syntagmatic patterns (e.g. Biber and Conrad, 1999; Hanks, forthcoming). Corpus query systems are now highly sophisticated and incorporate cutting-edge tools and statistics to extract word combinations (Kilgarriff and Kosem, forthcoming). The impact of corpora in the area of phraseology, however, differs significantly across dictionaries both in terms of coverage and access. Collocations have been the subject of particular attention, most particularly in monolingual learners’ dictionaries (MLDs). By contrast, a whole range of recurrent phrases with essential discourse or pragmatic function still need to find their place in dictionaries. As regards access, techniques range from highlighting a restricted number of word sequences in examples to providing lists of salient word combinations in collocation boxes. The aim of the chapter is to provide a critical overview of current developments in corpus-based lexicography and, more particularly, in the lexicographical treatment of phraseology. The chapter starts with a brief overview of the many contributions of corpus linguistics to lexicography before zooming in on phraseology. First, corpus linguistic tools and methods that lexicographers can use to identify phraseological units are described. Second, results from studies that have compared the phraseology of words as evidenced in corpora and as found in dictionaries (e.g. Moon 2008; Walker 2009) are used to assess the impact of corpora on the lexicographical treatment of phraseology in native-speaker dictionaries, learners’ dictionaries, bilingual dictionaries and specialised dictionaries. Current limitations of corpus-based lexicography are exposed (mostly related to corpus design), and a case is made for the use of a wider range of specialised corpora (e.g. genre or domain-specific) in dictionary making. The second section illustrates how specialised corpora can inform the lexicographical treatment of phraseology. It reports on a study that makes use of the notions of ‘precision’ and ‘recall’ (Salton, 1989) to investigate the usefulness of phraseological information in electronic MLDs for academic writing, a genre that is of particular importance for non-native students and researchers in academic settings (Paquot, 2011). Using the Sketch Engine, I conducted a co-occurrence analysis of several verbs in the 90-million word Corpus of Academic Journal Articles (Kosem, 2010). The results were compared with the collocations listed for these verbs in five MLDs (CALD, CCAD, LDOCE, MEDAL and OALD) to assess the coverage of academic collocations. Findings indicate that, although they certainly represent the best attempts at incorporating corpus-based descriptions of language, electronic MLDs could do much better. A number of word combinations that have essential discourse functions in academic writing are missing from the ‘Big Five’. In addition, their undifferentiated treatment of phraseology could lead non-native writers to believe that all collocations and phrases are good for all purposes (e.g. writing a research article or an informal letter). The chapter ends with suggestions for further and better integration of corpus-data (and corpus-query tools) to improve the coverage of and access to phraseology in dictionaries. "

2010

Lexicology is a branch of linguistics that deals with the vocabulary of the language and characteristics of words as the main lexical units.

The term lexicology is of Greek origin, from "lexis" -word and "logos" -science. It is a part of linguistics which deals with a vocabulary of the language and characteristic feature of words and word groups. Lexicology can study the development of vocabulary, the origin of words and word groups, the semantic relations and the development of the sound form and meaning. It helps to stimulate a systematic approach to the facts of vocabulary and organized comparison of the foreign and native languages. It furnishes (serves) a tool helping the student to guess and retain his memory the meaning of new words on the bases of their motivation and by comparing and contrasting them with the previously learned elements and patterns. This knowledge is important when literary texts are used. It helps students to master the literary standard of word usage.

Introduction……………………………………………………….. iv Course Aim……………………………………………………….. iv Course Objectives………………………………………………… iv Working through this Course…………………………………….. v Course Materials………………………………………………….. v Study Units………………………………………………………... vi Textbooks and References ………………………………………. vi Assessment File…………………………………………………… vi Tutor-Marked Assignment ………………………………………. vi Final Examination and Grading…………………………………… vi Course Marking Scheme………………………………………….. vii Course Overview and Presentation Schedule…………………… vii What you will Need for this Course…………………………….

Lexicography, 2014

Lexikos, 2020

Restricted dictionaries are fully-fledged dictionaries and their contribution to lexicography should never be underestimated. Because restricted dictionaries often are neglected in lexicographic discussions this article emphasises the significance of their role as members of the lexicographic family. Within a comprehensive dictionary culture the focus should not only be on dictionaries dealing with languages for general purposes but also on dictionaries in which languages for special purposes are treated. This paper firstly offers some terminological clarity and distinguishes between subject field dictionaries and special field dictionaries. The user-perspective is then discussed before it is shown how aspects of a general theory of lexicography also prevail in these dictionaries. This applies among others to the subtypological classification as well as different lexicographic functions. Using a dictionary from each of the categories of subject field and special field dictionaries it is indicated how dictionary structures are employed and further developed in an innovative way. Attention is given to structures like the article structure and the frame structure and to a transtextual approach in monolingual dictionaries with a bilingual dimension. The focus in the discussion of the subject field dictionary is on different aspects of the macrostructure. An explanation is given of double-layered sublemmata and it is shown how integrated macrostructures are employed in this dictionary. It is indicated how this section of the lexicographic practice can enrich the field of metalexicography and dictionary research.

Lexikos, 2010

International Journal of Lexicography, 2024

Sprachtheorie und Germanistische Linguistik 14.2, 171–194. Debrecen/Münster, 2004., 2004

This course introduces students to the origin and growth of languages leading to an introduction to the English language and Linguistics. The paper provides the students with an understanding of the general characteristics of the structure of the English language, its phonological sound system, word structure, and sentence patterns. The paper equips the students with a study of the contexts, cultural norms of the language, and society’s effect on language.

Universidad de Almería, 2013

It is an explanation of lexematics, that is, the structural study of meaning, the theory by Coseriu