Assessment of maxillofacial trauma in emergency department
Fevzi Yılmaz2014, World Journal of Emergency Surgery
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Abstract
Introduction: The incidence and epidemiological causes of maxillofacial (MF) trauma varies widely. The objective of this study is to point out maxillofacial trauma patients' epidemiological properties and trauma patterns with simultaneous injuries in different areas of the body that may help emergency physicians to deliver more accurate diagnosis and decisions. Methods: In this study we analyze etiology and pattern of MF trauma and coexisting injuries if any, in patients whose maxillofacial CT scans was obtained in a three year period, retrospectively. Results: 754 patients included in the study consisting of 73.7% male and 26.3% female, and the male-to-female ratio was 2.8:1. Mean age was 40.3 ± 17.2 years with a range of 18 to 97. 57.4% of the patients were between the ages of 18-39 years and predominantly male. Above 60 years of age, referrals were mostly woman. The most common cause of injuries were violence, accounting for 39.7% of the sample, followed by falls 27.9% and road traffic accidents 27.2%. The primary cause of injuries were violence between ages 20 and 49 and falls after 50. Bone fractures found in 56,0% of individuals. Of the total of 701 fractured bones in 422 patients the most frequent was maxillary bone 28,0% followed by nasal bone 25,3%, zygoma 20,2%, mandible 8,4%, frontal bone 8,1% and nasoethmoidoorbital bone 3,1%. Fractures to maxillary bone were uppermost in each age group. 8, 9% of the patients had brain injury and only frontal fractures is significantly associated to TBI (p < 0.05) if coexisting facial bone fracture occurred. Male gender has statistically stronger association for suffering TBI than female (p < 0, 05). Most common cause of TBI in MF trauma patients was violence (47, 8%). 158 of the 754 patients had consumed alcohol before trauma. No statistically significant data were revealed between alcohol consumption gender and presence of fracture. Violence is statistically significant (p < 0.05) in these patients.
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Frequency of Maxillofacial Trauma and Accompanying Types of Maxillofacial Fractures
Acibadem Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi, 2021
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EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF 57 MAXILLOFACIAL TRAUMA CASES
DR. P. R. YADAV, 2019
The epidemiology of maxillofacial trauma varies in geographic zones and different countries. Population, lifestyle (culture, social, and economic status), and concentration can affect the control of maxillofacial trauma. So, in this study, the epidemiological data and treatment plan concerning maxillofacial trauma were evaluated and analyzed. This study isa retrospective study which performed on 57 patients who suffer from maxillofacial trauma and suspected facial bone fractures. All patients were presented to the emergency department in three different hospitals and specialist dental center in Karbala city from the period of January 2017 till January 2018. Epidemiological data sheet (checklist) and medical records were depended to achieve the study aims. Based on t-test, statistical analysis was done. Based on accidents causes,the ratio of Road Traffic Accidents (RTA) n=38 (66.67%), Assault n=9 (15.79%), Falls n=7(12.28%), War Injury n=1(1.75%), and other injury n=2 (3.51%) of the samples. In other classify that depend on the anatomical sites, the mandible was the most common fractured bone in RTA, Assaults, and falls. The previous studies and this study that discussed the epidemiology of maxillofacial traumas show various etiologic factors, demographic properties, causes of injuries and fracture patterns probably due to social, cultural and the policy of governmental especially in roads and traffic rules.
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European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, 2019
Introduction We aimed to describe the prevalence and pattern of maxillofacial trauma in Qatar. Methods This is a retrospective study of trauma registry data at Hamad General Hospital during the period from January 2011 to December 2014. The study included all traumatic maxillofacial patients who underwent CT scan and were admitted during the study period. Results A total of 1187 patients with maxillofacial injuries were included in the study and 18.5% of all trauma admissions were related to maxillofacial injuries. Young age and males were predominantly affected. Mechanisms of injury were mainly traffic-related and fall. Orbital injuries were the commonest followed by maxillary injuries. The median and range face abbreviated injury score (AIS) was 2 [1–3] with 66% had a score of 2. Maxillofacial fractures were frequently associated with traumatic brain injuries. One out of five patients was managed with surgery and had median length of stays in ICU and hospital 5 and 7 days, respect...
Epidemiological differences among emergent maxillofacial fractures
jecm, 2013
Maxillofacial fractures are resulted from various types of face trauma. These patients require multidisciplinary approach during diagnosis and management in emergency department. The aim of this study was to present a large series of various traumas to the face in an attempt to identify the relation between the injury pattern and fractures of face. Hospital records of 275 patients treated for maxillofacial trauma from January 2008 to august 2011 were reviewed retrospectively. There was no significant difference in age between male and female patients. Most common injuries were mandibular, zygomatic and midface fractures. Zygomatic arch fractures were significantly higher in automobile and interpersonal violence. Nasal fractures were significantly higher in interpersonal violence cases. Maxilla fractures were significantly higher in automobile accidents, motorcycle accidents. Mandible fractures were nearly equally distributed in various injury causes and no significant relation was found between any types of injury. Common causes of maxillofacial traumas are assaults, motor vehicle accidents and falls. Fractures of mandible are most common fracture of the face in this study. Midface fractures were related with high impact collisions.
Epidemiologic analysis and evaluation of complications in 1266 cases with maxillofacial trauma
Turkish Journal of Plastic Surgery, 2018
IntroductIon Many studies conducted in various countries report different incidences for maxillofacial trauma, these cases nevertheless represent a major group among the emergency cases in plastic surgery practice after hand injuries. [1] These traumas can vary etiologically based on age and gender; most often, however, they are caused by road accidents involving both in-car and noncar road accidents. Its etiology varies widely based on geographical region, cultural status, and lifestyle differences, as well as on socioeconomic status. [2,3] The treatment of maxillofacial traumas involves facial bone fractures in the head and neck region, dentoalveolar trauma, and soft-tissue damage. [4] Because these traumas often accompany multiple traumas such as traumas of the head, the spine, and the lower or upper extremities, increased morbidity and longer treatment times are seen in this patient group. Epidemiologic studies have an important part in the prevention of this process. [5] The gold standard imaging modalities for diagnosis are computerized tomography and orthopantomography. The rigid fixation technique using plates as developed by Michelet and modified by Champy et al. is the most widely used repair approach in treatment. [6] The purpose of this study is to present the occurrence mechanism of maxillofacial traumas, the most affected bone structures, distribution of these variables by patient's age, treatment methods used, and the resulting complications in comparison to the reports in the literature. MaterIals and Methods In this study, data of 1266 patients who had either directly applied or were referred by the ER to our clinic between the years of 2003 and 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. All age groups were included in the study, the fractures were diagnosed Introduction: Patients with maxillofacial trauma represent a major group of patients in plastic surgery practice. These traumas are often caused by in-car and noncar road accidents and can result in permanent damages. This study aims at providing an epidemiologic analysis of such cases together with their diagnostic procedures, treatment methods, and postoperative complications. Materials and Methods: A total of 1266 maxillofacial trauma cases that were operated on between 2003 and 2017 were studied, and analyzed for fractured bones, etiology, diagnosis and treatment principles, and complications. Results: The major etiologic factor causing maxillofacial trauma in our study is noncar road accidents (25.5%). Mandible fractures were seen to be the most common type of bone fracture (52.2%). Together with physical examination, computerized tomography and orthopantomography are the diagnostic procedures we effectively use in our clinic. Rigid and semi-rigid fixation with plate and screws are the most frequently used treatment methods, and complication rates are seen to be lower (by 6.6%) than those reported in the literature. Conclusion: Careful and meticulous processes, as well as effective follow-up of the patient are required to achieve optimal esthetic and functional results in maxillofacial trauma cases. Such approach can help to reduce the possibility of complications and allow for their early identification, hence early intervention.
Characteristics of maxillofacial trauma in females: A retrospective analysis of 367 patients
Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, 2010
Burden of Maxillofacial Trauma at Level 1 Trauma Center
Craniomaxillofacial Trauma and Reconstruction, 2014
There is an upward trend in facial injuries following changes in population pattern, increasing industrialization and urbanization, hence maxillofacial trauma is becoming a burden and a leading medical problem in emergency rooms worldwide. This study was performed to evaluate the pattern of maxillofacial fractures, associated injuries, and treatment used at Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center (JPNATC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India, between January 2007 and June 2010. The study provides basis for establishment of trauma as major etiology of maxillofacial injuries and planning for preventive strategies. A retrospective study of patients seen and treated at JPNATC, AIIMS, New Delhi, between January 2007 and June 2010 was performed. Data extracted from patient records included etiology, age, sex, types and sites of fractures, treatment modality, and concomitant injuries. There were 795 fractures of the maxillofacial skeleton and 86 concomitant inj...
The Pattern of Maxillofacial Trauma & its Management
Purpose: The descriptive study was undertaken to determine the pattern and different methods of treatment of maxillofacial fractures. Materials and Methods: Three hundred and twenty consecutive patients with maxillofacial trauma were treated in a tertiary care hospital in last three years. A review of patients' records and radiographs was conducted. Data regarding age, gender, cause of fracture, anatomic site and treatment modalities were reviewed. Results: The age range was 2-76 years (25±8) with peak frequency occurring in age group 21-30 years. The male to female ratio was 5.4: 1. The study indicated that (n=206; 64.7%) resulted from road traffic accidents (rtas) followed by fall (n=60; 18.8%), assault (n=26; 8.1%), sports (n=17; 5.3%), firearm injury [FAI (n=3; 0.9%)], industrial trauma (n=2; 0.6%) while 5cases (1.65%) were associated with other causes such as bomb blast, animal injury etc. The mandible was the most commonly involved (69.7%) followed by zygomatic complex [ZC (8.4%)], maxilla (5.3%), nasal bone (1.3%) and nasoethmoidal fractures (0.9%); in 14.4% of cases, more than one facial bone fracture occurred. Of mandibular fractures, body (30.3%) was the most common site followed by condylar region (24.2%). In midface fractures the ZC was the most susceptible area (48.2% of midface); of maxillary fractures, Le Fort I was the most common fracture (34.5%); the frequency of nasal (7.1%) & nasoethmoidal (5.4%) remained low. Most patients with mandibular fractures were treated by closed reduction surgery [eyelet wiring, arch bars with inter maxillary fixation (IMF) &splint fixation], only 18.9% of patients were treated with open reduction surgery (Interosseous &miniplates fixation). The maxillary fractures were mostly treated with suspension wiring while in ZC fractures Gillies' approach (37.9%) was the common method of management. Conclusion: This study reflects trauma patterns within the community and, as such, can provide a guide to the design of programs geared toward prevention and treatment.
Incidence of Maxillofacial Trauma and Its Management -A Retrospective Study Research Article
SciDoc Publishers, 2020
Injury to the facial structures is disastrous and it affects the quality of life; which increases the demand for esthetics [1, 2]. Management of injuries in this region presents one of the most challenging procedures, as fractures are invariably associated with morbidity, disfigurement, functional problem and expensive treatment [3,4]. Maxillofacial injury can be an isolated injury or can occur in combination with other injuries as well [5, 6]. Road traffic accidents (RTA) are the common cause for the injury [7, 8]. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the incidence, gender prevalence, etiology, site of maxillofacial fractures and their management.
The patterns of maxillofacial fractures in traumatic head injury patients in Songklanagarind hospital: a retrospective study
2020
Background: Maxillofacial injury was usually found in low to middle countries moreover it commonly associated with brain injury, the major etiological factors are tra c collision, violence, and fall from hight. The incidence and etiology was important to developed treatment moreover to improve patient care in the future. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of the pattern of maxillofacial fracture in a patient with a traumatic head injury and to measure the incidence of the cause of injury, age, and gender distribution Methods: This is a retrospective study in Songhklanagarind hospital. We evaluate all patients who presented with a concomitant maxillofacial and traumatic head injury in Songklanagarind hospital between 2007 and 2016. Results: 859 patients consisting of 73.3% male and 22.7% female. The mean age was 39.5 years.The severity of the traumatic head injury was mild traumatic head injury 70.15%. Moreover the alcohol consumption was signi cantly related to a mild and severe traumatic head injury (P < 0.05). The most frequent was maxilla bone. 33.9% of patients were undergone the operation. Conclusion: In this retrospective study, the maxilla bone fracture was the most frequent site involved. The patients with mild traumatic head injury are related to the coronoid process of mandible, Le Fort fracture type II and type III, moderate traumatic head injury is only related to the coronoid process of mandible and severe traumatic head injury are related to Le Fort fracture type II and III. Keyword: traumatic head injury, maxillofacial fracture Background Maxillofacial injuries frequently occur among patients with acute traumatic head injuries. The major etiological factors are tra c collision, violence and fall. 1-4 Regarding the etiology, patients in Amsterdam mostly suffered from frontal sinus fracture 1 , with mandibular fracture being the most common in tertiary trauma centers. 3,5,6 Maxillofacial fractures are often associated with multiple injuries to the cranium, especially following high energy trauma. Understanding of the demographic patterns of maxillofacial injuries will assist health care providers as they plan and manage the treatment of traumatic maxillofacial injuries. Such epidemiological information can also be used to guide future ndings and prevention. The aims of this retrospective study were meant to evaluate the patterns of maxillofacial fractures in patients with traumatic head injuries, as well as to identify the prevalence of cause of injury, age and gender distribution. Methods The study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University (REC number 59-293-10-4), we evaluated all patients who presented with concomitant maxillofacial and traumatic head injuries in Songklanagarind hospital; between January, 2007 and October, 2016. Data collected included: history, physical examination and radiographic evaluation. Data was collected from the medical records division by using search terms from ICD-10 version 2015. Patients aged over 17 years old with traumatic head injuries were diagnosed and referred for consultation to a neurosurgeon for evaluation. Therefore, all of the neurological data were based on CT results, performed by neurosurgeons. Exclusion criteria were any head injury with non-skull related injury, such as spine, and patients who were classi ed as a low risk of mild TBI and medial of orbital wall fracture. Information concerning age, gender, socioeconomic activity, cause of injury, pattern of maxillofacial injury, severity of traumatic head injury and hospitalization periods were obtained. The causes of injury were summarized as follows: motorcycle accidents, car accidents, falls, assaults, sport-related injuries and others. Maxillofacial bone fractures were
Pattern of Maxillofacial Trauma
The Professional Medical Journal
Objectives: To determine the pattern of maxillofacial injuries in the localpopulation. Study Design: Retrospective clinical and epidemiologic study. Period: January2009 to December 2013. Setting: Tertiary care hospital. Methods: 3360 patients reported formaxillofacial injuries. A number of parameters, including age, gender, facial bone fractures,laceration on face, injury of trigeminal and facial nerve branches, sensory and motor deficit inrelation to soft tissue trauma and bone fracture, were evaluated. Results: Males were dominantand male to female ratio was 6.3:1. Patients of 3rd decade were more and constitute 63.2%.Road traffic accident was the common etiological factor (78%). Mandible fracture was dominantand it was present in 1591 patients (47.7%). Soft tissue laceration frequency was high in cheekregion and was 13.7%. Sensory deficit (Trigeminal nerve injury) was present in 1167 patients(34.7%). Motor deficit (Facial nerve injury) was present in 249 patients (6.83%). Nerve i...
An epidemiological study of maxillofacial fractures requiring surgical treatment at a tertiary trauma centre between 2005 and 2010
British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2013
The epidemiology of maxillofacial fractures shows considerable regional variation as a result of local demographic and socioeconomic factors. We have assessed the epidemiological characteristics of such fractures at our centre in The Netherlands. The medical records of 394 patients who were treated surgically for maxillofacial fractures between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2010 were analysed retrospectively. The male:female ratio was 3:1. There was a peak incidence in the second and third decades of life among men. The number of injured patients/year remained stable during the selected period. The incidence was highest in the spring and at weekends. Fractures of the mandible and zygoma were the most common. Road traffic crashes were the most common cause of injury (42%) and mainly involved bicycles. A total of 165 (15%) of the patients were intoxicated, and 142 patients (36%) had other serious injuries. Most patients (n = 248, 63%) were treated within a day of presentation. Two hundred and thirty-two patients (59%) spent 4 days or fewer in hospital. The presence of other injuries was associated with a prolonged stay in hospital. Groups at particular risk of maxillofacial fractures are young men and cyclists. The use of helmets by cyclists could achieve a large reduction in injuries to the brain and upper face.
Association of traumatic head injuries and maxillofacial fractures: A retrospective study
Dental Traumatology, 2017
Background/Aims: The association of traumatic head injury (THI) with maxillofacial fractures (MFF) is a major health concern worldwide. In spite of the close anatomical proximity of maxillofacial bones to the cranium, the association of THI with MFF is controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the association between traumatic head injuries (THI) and maxillofacial fractures (MFF). Other factors associated with THI in patients with MFF were also investigated. Materials and methods: A hospital-based retrospective study was conducted at the OMFS Unit, Hospital USM, Kelantan, Malaysia. From June 12, 2013, to December 31, 2015, 473 patient records with MFF were reviewed to evaluate the association of THI and MFF. Results: A total of 331 patients (69.98%) presented with concomitant THI. The most common associated THIs were cranial bone fractures (68.6%) followed by intracranial injuries and concussion. A significant association existed between the Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score and the presence of THI concomitant MFF with P-value < 0.001. The univariable logistic regression analysis revealed that age group (31-40 years), cause (road traffic accident-RTA), all midface fracture types and most of the mandibular fracture types were statistically associated with the presence of THI. The multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the cause of the injury (RTA) and MFF types (nasal bone, zygomatic complex, zygomatic arch, orbital, maxillary sinus wall, and the alveolar process of mandible fractures) were statistically significantly associated with THI in patients with MFF. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of THI among patients This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. with MFF (69.98%). RTA, nasal bone, zygomatic complex, zygomatic arch, orbital wall, maxillary sinus wall and mandibular alveolar process fractures were significantly associated with THI in patients who sustained a MFF.
Cranio-maxillofacial trauma: a 10 year review of 9543 cases with 21067 injuries
Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, 2003
Evaluation of the Spectrum Of Co-Existing Injuries In Patients With Maxillofacial Trauma: A Retrospective Study Research Article
SciDoc Publishers, 2022
Aim: To evaluate the types and frequency of co-existing injuries in patients sustaining maxillofacial trauma in a tertiary care centre of Tamil Nadu. Settings: Trauma, being referred as silent epidemic of the era, potentially results in millions of death every year worldwide. The maxillofacial surgeon, being a part of the trauma team, gets to examine the patient first hand and thus has a shared responsibility to thoroughly assess the injuries incurred by other systems in addition to the survey of maxillofacial injuries. This study intends to highlight the need for an interdisciplinary management model in approaching facial trauma. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 888 maxillofacial trauma cases reported to the emergency department during the last five years was done. Detailed review of primary and secondary survey was done. Age, gender, mechanism of injury, type and frequency of fracture, type and frequency of concomitant injury were recorded and subjected to statistical analysis. Result: Associated injuries were sustained by 329 patients. Majority sustaining injuries were 20-39 years and predominantly males. Soft tissue injury was frequently observed. Mandibular fractures were the most common among the hard tissue injury. Concomitant injuries observed in descending order was Neurologic, Orthopaedic, Ophthalmologic, Chest and finally abdominal. Conclusion: Sound knowledge on the type and severity of associated injuries of other systems is mandatory for every surgeon to keep any latent life threatening conditions at the surgeons catch.
A comprehensive study on maxillofacial trauma conducted in Yamunanagar, India
Journal of Injury and Violence Research, 2013
conducted a study on patients with maxillofacial fractures in a time span of seven years (2003-2010). The purpose of this study was to evaluate their aetiology, incidence, patterns and different modalities employed for management. Methods: In this study, 740 patients with 1054 fractures were evaluated clinically and radiographically, based on which closed reduction and open reduction was undertaken. Review of patient records included: Age, sex, time, mechanism and etiology of injury, history of bleeding, unconsciousness and prior first aid, type of vehicle and use of preventive measures, type of fracture and treatment modalities. Results: Road traffic accidents accounted for highest number of fractures predominantly occurring in the age group of 21-30 years (38.3%)1,2. Males incurred more fractures with a male female ratio of 4.2: 1.Mandible was the most commonly fractured bone with parasymphysis being the commonest affected site.76.66% patients had associated head injury and 15.68 % had history of unconsciousness. Open reduction and internal fixation was the preferred modality for mandible whereas the mid face fractures were treated more often by closed methods. Conclusions: Injuries occurred more commonly in 20-40 age range with road traffic accident being the major etiological factor. Majority of the patients were driving two wheelers and most were under the effect of alcohol. Most of the injuries occurred during night and road traffic accidents (71.89%) were found to be the major etiological factor. Out of 532 road traffic accidents, 490 patients (66.2%) were on two wheelers, among whom 49(10%) were wearing helmet. In the mandible, fractures occurred most commonly in the parasymphyseal region (224, 30.2%), and out of the 314 fractures of the middle third showed, 155 (49.4%) ZMC. OPG was the most commonly advised X-ray. With regard to treatment modalities, 36.8% of all the mandibular fractures (740) were treated by closed reduction, 62.6% were treated using open reduction and 0.5% was under observation only.
Maxillofacial Trauma, Etiology and Profile of Patients: An Exploratory Study
Acta Ortopédica Brasileira, 2017
Objective: To describe the profile of patients with facial trauma admitted in a hospital located in a metropolitan area of Northeast Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional and exploratory study was performed. A total of 244 cases were in agreement with the eligibility criteria. The variables include the sociodemographic characteristics of patients, etiology, type of trauma, treatment modalities, length of stay in a hospital and quarter of care. Descriptive statistics and Cluster Analysis were performed. Results: The average age of patients was 31.16 years (SD = 15.17 years) and average hospitalization was 6.32 days (SD = 7.75 days). It was verified the automatic formation of four clusters with different profiles of patients. The variables which most contributed to the external differentiation between clusters were: length of stay in a hospital (p <0.001), etiology (p <0.001), type of facial trauma (p <0.001), presence of associated trauma (p <0.001), treatment modalities (p ...
Maxillofacial Fractures: A Three-Year Survey
Journal of Current Surgery
Background: Maxillofacial fractures constitute a substantial proportion of trauma globally. The main causes worldwide are road traffic accidents (RTAs), falls, assaults, sports, firearm injuries and industrial trauma. The highest incidence is commonly seen in the young age group with majority being male. The most common site in maxillofacial injuries is the mandible followed by the zygomatic complex, maxilla, and alveolar process. Maxillofacial trauma also poses a significant socioeconomic burden on affected individuals. Hence appropriate treatment and prevention of these morbidities and possible mortality is necessary. This study is therefore aimed at analyzing the prevalence, pattern of presentation of maxillofacial injuries at Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH) in Western Nigeria. Methods: A retrospective review of 182 patients diagnosed and treated for maxillofacial injuries at the Oral and Maxillofacial Department of the LASUTH was conducted. Data were obtained from clinical notes and records of radiological findings noting patient's age, gender, etiologic factors (RTA, assault, sport, and fall), anatomic site of injury and different definitive treatment modalities. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 20 using various descriptive statistical tools. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for quantitative variable like age while frequency and percentage were calculated for qualitative variables like gender and site of fracture. Results: Majority of patients were male (72.0%) with a male to female ratio of 1:0.4. Most patients were between 31 and 40 (34.1%) years of age. RTA accounting for 73.1% of the injuries was the most common cause for maxillofacial injury followed by assault (19.2%). Majority of injuries due to RTA were of motorcycles accidents (33.6%). The most common sites of fracture out of 226 sites were in the mandible (62.8%, P = 0.003). Among the mandibular fracture sites, 28.2% affected the body of the mandible. Majority (31.9%) of the studied patients presented within 24 h (≤ 1 day). Out of the 182 patients, 68.1% were treated by close reduction. Conclusions: RTA represented the major etiological factor of maxillofacial injuries. The mandible remains the most affected bone of the facial skeleton. Closed reduction is the most common approach used for treatment.
Frequency of Maxillofacial Fractures among Patients with Head and Neck Trauma Referred to Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Babol, 2018-2019
2021
J Babol Univ Med Sci; 23; 2021; PP: 126-134 Received: Jun 7 2020, Revised: Sep 1 2020, Accepted: Nov 11 2020. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Head and neck trauma and related injuries account for a high rate of mortality and neurological defects. Since maxillofacial trauma occurs alone or in combination with other severe injuries, this study was performed to determine the frequency of maxillofacial fractures in patients with head and neck trauma referred to Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Babol. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed among all patients with maxillofacial trauma who referred to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Center of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Babol in 2018-2019. Necessary information was collected via history, clinical examinations, facial radiographs and hospital records. CT scan was performed in patients with decreased level of consciousness, neurological symptoms or clinical signs of skull fracture. Data about age, gender, cause of injury, pattern...
A retrospective study on the epidemiology and treatment of maxillofacial fractures
Ulusal travma ve acil cerrahi dergisi = Turkish journal of trauma & emergency surgery : TJTES, 2009
Maxillofacial injuries constitute a substantial proportion of cases of trauma. This descriptive analytical study assesses the cause, type, incidence, and demographic and treatment data of maxillofacial fractures. A retrospective study on maxillofacial traumas was carried out in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at Sişli Etfal Hospital (Istanbul, Turkey) between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2005. The study included 216 patients with a mean age of 29.8 years. Sex and age distribution of patients, etiology of trauma, localization of the fractures, treatment modalities, time to treatment after the trauma, and postoperative complications were recorded. The male predilection was 75.5%. Road traffic accident was the most common causative factor (67.1%), followed by interpersonal violence (19.4%), falls (12.5%), and work- and sport-related accidents (0.9%). A total of 50% of the patients suffered isolated mandibular fractures, 23.6% had isolated midface fractures, and...
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Domestic violence and abuse related emergency room visits in Ontario, Canada
BMC Public Health
Background Hospitals’ emergency rooms (ERs) are generally the first point of contact of domestic violence and abuse (DVA) victims to the health care system. For efficient management and resource allocation for ERs to manage DVA-related emergencies in Canada, it is important to quantify and assess the pattern of these visits. Methods Aggregate DVA-related ER visits data, using relevant ICD-10-CA codes, from 2012 to 2016 were retrieved from IntelliHealth Ontario. The 2011 ON-Marg (Ontario Marginalization) indices were linked at the Dissemination Area level to ER data. Descriptive analyses including total number and rate of visits per 100,000 people were calculated, stratified by age and sex. The Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and Relative Index of Inequality (RII) were also assessed. Results From 2012 to 2016, 10,935 (81.2% by females and 18.8% by males) DVA-related visits were made to ERs in Ontario. An annual average of 25.5 visits per 100,000 females and 6.1 visits per 100,000 mal...
Association of traumatic head injuries and maxillofacial fractures: A retrospective study
Dental Traumatology, 2017
Background/Aims: The association of traumatic head injury (THI) with maxillofacial fractures (MFF) is a major health concern worldwide. In spite of the close anatomical proximity of maxillofacial bones to the cranium, the association of THI with MFF is controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the association between traumatic head injuries (THI) and maxillofacial fractures (MFF). Other factors associated with THI in patients with MFF were also investigated. Materials and methods: A hospital-based retrospective study was conducted at the OMFS Unit, Hospital USM, Kelantan, Malaysia. From June 12, 2013, to December 31, 2015, 473 patient records with MFF were reviewed to evaluate the association of THI and MFF. Results: A total of 331 patients (69.98%) presented with concomitant THI. The most common associated THIs were cranial bone fractures (68.6%) followed by intracranial injuries and concussion. A significant association existed between the Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score and the presence of THI concomitant MFF with P-value < 0.001. The univariable logistic regression analysis revealed that age group (31-40 years), cause (road traffic accident-RTA), all midface fracture types and most of the mandibular fracture types were statistically associated with the presence of THI. The multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the cause of the injury (RTA) and MFF types (nasal bone, zygomatic complex, zygomatic arch, orbital, maxillary sinus wall, and the alveolar process of mandible fractures) were statistically significantly associated with THI in patients with MFF. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of THI among patients This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. with MFF (69.98%). RTA, nasal bone, zygomatic complex, zygomatic arch, orbital wall, maxillary sinus wall and mandibular alveolar process fractures were significantly associated with THI in patients who sustained a MFF.
High-pitch dual-source paranasal sinus CT in agitated patients with maxillofacial trauma: analysis of image quality, motion artifacts, and dose aspects
Acta Radiologica, 2017
Background Image quality benefits from high-pitch scanning in agitated patients by reducing acquisition time. Purpose To compare image quality and exposure parameters in patients with maxillofacial trauma on second- and third-generation dual-source computed tomography (DSCT). Material and Methods Four groups were compared. Group 1 was examined on second-generation DSCT (120 kV/50 mAs, pitch 3.0). The other three groups were examined on third-generation DSCT. Group 2 was scanned with 120 kV/50 mAs, pitch 2.2. Automated exposure control (AEC) was used in group 3 and group 4 with pitch factors of 2.2 and 3.0, respectively. Images of third-generation DSCT were reconstructed with iterative reconstruction (IR), of second-generation DSCT with filtered back-projection. CTDIvol, acquisition time, and image quality were compared. Results Thirty patients were included in each group. Average CTDIvol (2.76 ± 0.00 mGy, 2.66 ± 0.00 mGy, 0.74 ± 0.23 mGy, and 0.75 ± 0.17 mGy) was significantly lower...
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