Globalisation
Jan Mosedale
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Abstract
Globalization is a multidimensional process of social change facilitated by technological advances that has compressed space and accelerated time ). This has resulted in an increase of global interconnectivity across time and space through the extension or stretching of social relations and also in an intensification of these social relations. Although globalisation is essentially a wide-ranging and integrated process, the following three main dimensions of this process are frequently discussed: economic, political and cultural. The extent and impact of globalisation on society is still under discussion, but three main theories of globalization have been identified: namely, traditionalism, globalism and transformationalism.
Key takeaways
- Economic globalisation denotes an increasing integration of the economy via the disassembly of trade barriers leading to footloose capital and the creation of a global market place for products and services.
- Similarly, political globalisation is characterised by an increasing connectivity of nation states and also a shift in the location of regulatory power to transnational institutions such as the World Trade Organisation (WTO) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
- and an increase of flows of global cultural products and practices.
- It is important to realise that to unravel the complexities and changing nature of globalising processes, it is necessary to understand how globalisation processes (i.e. increased flows of capital, tourists, knowledge etc.)
- On the one hand tourism is influenced by globalisation: The economic aspect of globalization is manifested in the rise of transnational corporations, such as hotel groups or integrated tourism corporations, due to an increasing level of international or global capital flows via foreign direct investment.
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Globalisation is a multidimensional process which is present in many spheres and which is defined in many ways: it has developed with different degrees of intensity since the end of the 19th century and took on a particular importance in the closing decades of the 20th centur. Globalisation creates both opportunities and threats for its participants. One of the tendencies that has been getting stronger in the world for at least a quarter of a century is a progressive socio-economic differentiation and the splitting of the world into two separate blocks: the world of poverty and the world of riches. The social structure is undergoing changes. The distances between the individual segments of the market and those who are left outside the market are growing. The benefits from economic growth are not being spread equally.
globalisation Globalization
Globalization or globalisation is the trend of increasing interaction between people or companies on a worldwide scale due to advances in transportation and communication technology, nominally beginning with the steamship and the telegraph in the early to mid-1800s. With increased interactions between nation-states and individuals came the growth of international trade, ideas, and culture. Globalization is primarily an economic process of integration that has social and cultural aspects, but conflicts and diplomacy are also large parts of the history of globalization. Economically, globalization involves goods and services, and the economic resources of capital, technology, and data. [1][2] The steam locomotive, steamship, jet engine, and container ships are some of the advances in the means of transport while the rise of the telegraph and its modern offspring, the Internet and mobile phones show development in telecommunications infrastructure. All of these improvements have been major factors in globalization and have generated further interdependence of economic and cultural activities. [3][4][5]
Globalization and its political, economic and cultural impacts on modern nation-state
From being an economic strategy to being the buzz word of the time, Globalization has grown and emerged in a speed almost as that of a social trend. But as ironic as it may sound, the term is more often than not associated with a diverse array of things making it an extremely contested concept, and essentially so. Academicians perceive globalization in various different ways depicting it as an ideology, a condition, a system of processes, a policy, a market strategy, a predicament and even an age or an era. With such diverse lenses breeds diverse nomenclature and hence, those referring to it as a social condition term it as 'globality', characterized by the existence of global economic, political, cultural and environmental interconnections and flows that make many of the existing territorial boundaries seem futile. Sticking strictly with the etymology of globalization brings forth the idea of it being a set of social processes that are thought to transform the prevailing societal condition into one of globality. Globalization, then, almost explicitly suggests some sort of dynamism best captured by the notion of development or unfolding along discernible patterns. Yet another term is 'Globalism' opted by those who view the concept as that of an ideology of globalization going by the age-old tradition of employing-ism suffix to signify the theories, values and assumptions working behind driving the process. Hence, scholars exploring the dynamics of globalization have rightly come up with characterizing it as a complex, multidimensional and multifaceted concept which, at any cost, cannot be boiled down to a single-simple phenomenon or theme. As Andrew Heywood rightly puts it-"the problem with globalization is that it is not so much an 'it' as a 'them': it is not a single process but a complex of processes, sometimes overlapping and interlocking but also, at times, contradictory and oppositional ones." Perhaps the best way one can try unraveling the complexity, then, is to look at how these scholars have defined globalization in their own ways and consequently work out some attributes that appear persistently even when viewed through varied lenses. "Globalization can thus be defined as the intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa." ~ Anthony Giddens, "The concept of globalization reflects the sense of an immense enlargement of world communication, as well as of the horizon of a world market, both of which seem far more tangible and immediate than in earlier stages of modernity." ~ Fredric Jameson
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2002
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Defining Globalisation
The World Economy, 2007
A clear and precise definition of globalisation is crucial to advance contemporary knowledge and policy. When taken to mean intemationalisation, liberalisation, universalisation or westernisation, ideas of globalisation reveal little new. Important novel insight is opened when globalisation is understood as the spread of transplanetary -and in recent times also increasingly supraterritorial -connections between people. That said, this conception needs to be carefully qualified in order to avoid globalist excesses.
Katona, K.--Arva. L. -- Schlett, A. (2013): Stages of Globalisation. Publisher: Kaligram, Praha
2013
Defining Globalisation is not easy, though it seems to be a simple notion widely used in the past decades. Although this wide usage is the very reason for the difficulty of defining Globalisation, as different authors have applied this notion to very different phenomena. Instead of giving new definitions for the Globalisation, the Authors of this book have started from the famous concept of the "Global Village" of Marshall McLuhan, and then have continued the presentation of different aspects of Globalisation. The book follows largely the logic of the American scholar, Suzanne Berger, who some years ago has written a book entitled: Notre premier Mondialisation (Our First Globalisation), comparing the Globalisation tendencies of the 19th century with those of our days. The authors of the book are convinced that Globalisation is not a unique phenomena, but already there were at least three wages of Globalisation, with serious draw-backs between. Who know how our present Globalisation will continue?
globalisation.doc
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Reviewing globalisation: Its challenge and impact
International journal of applied research, 2017
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COLLEGE OF SOCIAL WORK (Autonomous), NIRMALA NIKETAN, University of Mumbai , 2021
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To What Extent is Globalisation Nothing New?
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19 Globalization : Interconnected Worlds
2008
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Globalistics and Globalization Studies: Global Transformations and Global Future. Yearbook
2018
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Globalization: An Inexorable Phenomenal Force
International Journal of Humanities and Innovation (IJHI)
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Globalization: Against reductionism and linearity
Development and society, 2000
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