Introduction to Computer Networks

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology -IJRASET, 2020

Computer networks have become increasingly everywhere. In today's world, a computer network is much more than a collected works of interconnected devices. Computer networks are a system of interconnected computers for the purpose of transferring digital information. Networking not only helps in communication the data but also to share the available resources, to share the information, to send and receive emails, to update and analyses the data to reduce the cost and so on. The computer network enables to analyze, organize and disseminate the information that is essential to profitability. This paper provides information about different types of network. In this review paper we are presenting the basic concepts of network, network architecture and network type's i.e. LAN, MAN and WAN with its advantages and disadvantages.

Computers are used to generate information. Generated information is not useful in itself. The information must be delivered to the right person at the right time. Often information must be transmitted from one location to another. This process is called data communication. Here, we will be concerned with the hardware, software and procedures used in data communication.

Springer International Publishing eBooks, 2022

Computer networking is an exciting and fascinating field of study. It is the fastest growing technology in our society. A computer network is a connection of two or more autonomous computers and other devices so that they can communicate and share information. It enables sharing of files, data, and devices such as printers. It facilitates interpersonal communications and allows users to communicate via various means: email, instant messaging, chat rooms, telephone, video telephone calls, and video conferencing. Computer networking relies on the related discipline of electrical engineering, computer engineering, and computer science. Earlier, computer networks consisted of mainframes in a building. Computers became more powerful, smaller, and less expensive, to the point that the typical desktop PC is equivalent to an early mainframe. This led to the need to network those devices within the workplace to form a local area network (LAN) that will allow PC users to share access to hosts, databases, printers, etc. The growth of computer networks from local area networks (LANs) to the Internet has been rapid. Right now, we have many different types of computer networks. They are often classified in terms of their geographical coverage: • Local area network (LAN), which covers a building or campus • Metropolitan area network (MAN), which covers a city • Wide area network (WAN), which can cover a nation, continent, or anywhere on Earth The most popular computer network is the Internet, which is a WAN. Global Internet enables its users to access enormous amount of information worldwide. Computer networks have emerged as the integration of technologies in computer and communication, and their evolution is tightly related to the advances in these two areas. Our modern society has been greatly affected by computer networks, especially the Internet. Computer networks have changed how we live, educate, entertain, and do business. Within a short time, computer communication networks have become an indispensable part of business, industry, and entertainment.

This paper contains basic introductory ideas on computer systems and how they work relative to a network and the internet. It breaks down the computer system into the hardware and software components and explains how they function and interact with one another as a system.

1] Computer Network | Prepared by: Ashish Kr. Jha [2]

Microelectronics Reliability

During the last twenty five years the fields of computer networks and data communications advanced rapidly in diverse parts of communications and computer industry, covering a wide spectrum that encompass local area networks, wireless networks, satellite communications, high-speed data transfer networks, etc. Two decades ago, few people had access to a network. Nowadays, computer communication has become an essential part of our infrastructure. Almost, every business enterprise, large or small, schools, at all grade levels from elementary to postgraduate , federal, state, and local-government offices, and even the entire industry, is using computer networks in order to provide the users with instantaneous access to information located in all places around the world. Today, the Internet has grown into a production communication system that reaches millions of people in all countries of the world. Doubtlessly, data communications and networking represent the fastest growing technologies nowadays. This book gives a broad view of the basic principles in data communications and networking. The authorÕs intention was to present the fundamentals of computer networks organization and data transfer principles rather than enter into more superficial discussions of modern networks design. The material is divided into seven parts, with a total of 31 chapters, 11 appendices, a list of frequently used acronyms, glossary of technical terms, and an extensive index. The book covers the following subjects: Part I-Overview of Data Communications and Networking (chapters 1 and 2) is just an introduction. Chapter 1 (Introduction, pp. 3-25) addresses four issues: data communications, networks, the Internet, and protocols and standards. Chapter 2 (Network Models, pp. 27-44) concentrates on a general idea of the layers of network and discusses the function of each. Part II-Physical Layer (chapters 3 to 9) deals with the physical layer of the Internet model. Chapter 3 (Signals, pp. 49-84) discusses the advantages and disadvantages of digital transmission over analog transmission.