Biodiesel Production From Rapeseed Oil With Waste Frying Oils

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2004

Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) show large potential applications as diesel substitutes, also known as biodiesel fuel. Biodiesel fuel as renewable energy is an alternative that can reduce energy dependence on petroleum as well as air pollution. Several processes for the production of biodiesel fuel have been developed. Transesterification processes under alkali catalysis with short-chain alcohols give high yields of methyl esters in short reaction times. We investigated transesterification of rapeseed oil to produce the FAMEs. Experimental reaction conditions were molar ratio of oil to alcohol, concentration of catalyst, type of catalyst, reaction time, and temperature. The conversion ratio of rapeseed oil was enhanced by the alcohol:oil mixing ratio and the reaction temperature.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, 2010

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2006

Biodiesel fuel is an alternative and renewable energy source, which may help to reduce air pollution, as well as our dependence on petroleum for energy. Several processes have already been developed for the production of biodiesel. Alkali-catalyzed transesterification with short-chain alcohols, for example, generates high yields of methyl esters in short reaction times. In this study, we have evaluated the efficacy of batch (one-and two-stage) transesterification of rapeseed oil in the production of rapeseed methyl ester. The conversion of rapeseed oil exhibited similar reaction patterns and yields in 30-and 1-L reaction systems. Approximately 98% of the rapeseed oil was converted at 400 rpm within 20 min, under the following conditions: 1% (w/w) KOH, 1:10 methanol molar ratio, and at 60°C. In the 30-L, two-stage transesterification process, approx 98.5% of the rapeseed oil was converted at a 1:4.5 molar ratio and 1% (w/w) KOH at 60°C for 30 min (first reaction condition), and at a 1:1 molar ratio and 0.2% (w/w) KOH at 60°C for 30 min (second reaction condition).

revistadechimie.ro

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2013

In the present work the alkali in-situ transesterification of rapeseed with methanol for the production of biodiesel fuel was studied. Experiments were designed to determine how variations in molar ratio of methanol to oil in seeds, amount of alkali catalyst, time and temperature affected the yield. Good results (90%) conversion of seed lipid to fatty acid methyl ester was obtained at 0.02 N catalyst concentration, 720/1 methanol to rapeseed oil molar ratio, 1 h reaction time and 65 1C reaction temperature. The results were in agreement with the values measured by 1 H NMR spectroscopy. A mass balance and a preliminary feasibility study were investigated. A techno-economic analysis of the process for production of biodiesel from rapeseed with a capacity of 50,000 t/yr was presented to investigate the profitability indicators of the production capacity. The techno-economic indicators showed that total capital investment of $16,065,000, gross profit/year of $14,630,300, and percentage simple rate of return (%SRR) was 79.

2012

Biodiesel is an alternative to petroleum-based fuels derived from a variety of feedstocks, including vegetable oils, animal fats, and waste cooking oil. At present, biodiesel is mainly produced from conventionally grown edible oils such as soybean, rapeseed, sunflower, and palm. The cost of biodiesel is the main obstacle to commercialization of the product. Biodiesel produced from edible oils is currently not economically feasible. On the other hand, extensive use of edible oils for biodiesel production may lead to food crisis. These problems can be solved by using lowcost feedstocks such as non-edible oils and waste cooking oils for biodiesel production. This paper reviews numerous options of non-edible oils as the substantial feedstocks, biodiesel processing, and effect of different parameters on production of biodiesel.

2015

Abstract. Biodiesel usually is produced by transesterification of various vegetable oils or animal fats with methanol. Unfortunately, methanol is highly toxic and harmful to human health. Application of bioethanol instead of methanol would lead to more environmentally friendly production technology which almost completely would be based on renewable resources. Currently in Europe there are no biodiesel producers using ethanol as a raw material, nevertheless FAEE (Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters) is used as biodiesel in Brazil. Mandate to CEN for standards for FAEE for use in diesel engines and heating fuels (M/393) was set in 2006. We established the optimal conditions for synthesis of rapeseed oil ethyl esters (REE) by transesterification of oil with bioethanol produced by distillery “Jaunpagasts Plus ” Ltd. from local wheat. The best results were reached, when molar ratio of oil to ethanol was 1:6 and KOH was used as a catalyst (1.5 wt % from the mass of oil). The ethanolic solution of KO...

Use of conventional diesel fuel causes serious problem of air pollution and effects on the environment leading to effect like green house, some factors in diesel fuel results in high emission in diesel engine. The stringent emission norms have been an important driving force to develop the CI engines more environment friendly. This recommends the intensive studies on the use of alternative fuels especially renewable ones like vegetable oils and alcohols. The use of vegetable oils as an alternative fuel for diesel engine is not a new concept. In fact early engines were demonstrated with vegetable oil. In a developing country like India where mass transportation plays an important role, the suitability of alternate fuels for a diesel fuel engine application has to be thoroughly investigated. Vegetable oils plays a prominent role in substituting diesel, since they are renewable and are easily produced in rural areas. Biodiesels such as Jatropha, Karanja, Sunflower and Rapeseed are some of the popular biodiesels currently considered as substitute for diesel.

Energies, 2023

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

2018

In situ transesterification (IST) can potentially reduce the cost of biodiesel production by avoiding the oil extraction and refining stages of conventional transesterification, through the direct reaction of the oilseed with alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. However, a large excess of alcohol is currently required in IST to achieve comparable yields to conventional transesterification. Hence, in this study, methods for improving in situ transesterification of rapeseed for biodiesel production have been investigated. The focal point of this study is to reduce or utilize the excess alcohol. Pre-soaking seeds in methanol and reactive coupling were subsequently attempted. The respective rationales are to reduce the excess methanol requirement, and convert/use the excess methanol in a secondary process. Pre-soaking involved a chemical pre-treatment of the oilseed prior to the transesterification reaction. Pre-soaking was performed with methanol to oil molar ratio (MOMR) of 360:1 at 60°C using a catalyst (NaOH) concentration of 0.1M. A two-level factorial design was used to determine the optimum conditions for pre-soaking. It was found that a biodiesel yield of 85% was obtained for pre-soaking at 360:1 MOMR while the 'un-soaked' biodiesel yield was 75% at 475:1 MOMR. The higher biodiesel yield with 24% reduction in methanol requirement could potentially translate to energy savings in the downstream separation of biodiesel from excess methanol. Reactive coupling (transesterification + a glycerol polymerisation reaction) should increase the equilibrium conversion of biodiesel, whilst generating valuable secondary products. It was carried out in a pressure vessel at 10 bar, 140°C in an inert atmosphere. Polyglycerol was identified in the reaction mixture using FTIR and 1 H-NMR. Using a MOMR of 375:1 with catalyst concentration (H2SO4) of 4.8 v/v% at 140°C, a biodiesel yield of 90% and polyglycerol (PG) yield of 10% were observed after 4 hours of reaction. Overall, the material balance indicated that at the end of the reaction, 19% of the unused methanol had been converted to dimethyl ether (DME). This would lead to energy savings in the separation of product. The Central Composite design of experiment for reactive coupling indicated that catalyst concentration was the most significant variable in biodiesel production, whilst molar ratio is significant for both polyglycerol and DME production. Moreover, the study demonstrates the practicality of FTIR online monitoring of IST, which could be valuable for on-line monitoring at industrial scales, where iii traditional off-line GC analysis is time-consuming and ineffective to correct immediate production problems. Furthermore, the online monitoring could be used for "fast IST" of rapeseed to biodiesel to detect the onset of saponification. This work has demonstrated co-production of valuable chemicals with biodiesel production via reactive coupling for the first time. This could be the initial step toward an integrated biodiesel-based bio-refinery.