Endoscopic Brow Lifts

British Journal of Plastic Surgery, 2002

The senior author's experience of using the endoscopic brow lift for rejuvenation of the upper third of the face is presented. One hundred patients underwent endoscopic brow elevation. In 98 cases this was done in combination with other aesthetic procedures. Patient follow-up ranged from 4 months to 53 months (mean: 17 months). No major complications were experienced, although a patient questionnaire identified a number of troublesome but transient minor complications. Levels of patient satisfaction were found to be high. The continuing evolution of this technique is reviewed, particularly relating to methods of brow fixation.

Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 1999

Background: The endoscopic brow lift procedure is gaining acceptance as an effective aesthetic procedure. Although several authors have described their techniques, none have objectively quantified their result at 1-year follow-up. Objective: The purpose of this study was to objectively evaluate the outcome after an endoscopic brow lift with a minimum of 1 year follow-up. Methods: The amount of brow elevation at three points along the brow, the outcome of corrugator ablation, changes in corrugator and frontalis furrows, sensory changes, temporal branch function, and patient satisfaction in 20 consecutive patients were evaluated. The average time at follow-up was 15 months, with a range of 12 to 23 months. Results: The brow at the lateral canthus was elevated 2.1 ± 2.8 mm (P < .001), 1.9 ± 2.5 mm (P < .001) at the lateral limbus, and 2.4 ± 3.0 mm (P < .001) at the medial canthus. The frontalis furrows improved significantly (P = .002). Eighty-five percent of the patients had normal sensation, and 15% had abnormal sensation. Seventy-five percent had no alopecia or scarring, and 25% had small areas of spot alopecia and scarring. No patients had a temporal branch nerve injury. Conclusions: This study confirms that the endoscopic brow lift procedure is effective and that the results can be objectively quantified at 1-year postoperative follow-up. The procedure had complications including spot alopecia and some sensory changes persistent at 1 year. A high (95%) patient satisfaction rate was noted in our study.

American Journal of Otolaryngology, 2012

The presence of male pattern baldness poses a significant challenge when attempting to optimize treatment of the upper third of the face. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate and discuss results of the endoscopic forehead lift in patients with male pattern baldness. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective case series done in an academic medical center. Eleven patients with male pattern baldness (Norwood class IV-VII) underwent endoscopic forehead lift for forehead creases and brow ptosis. Results: All patients achieved smoothing of the forehead and elevation of the brow with no scalp anesthesia at 1 month postoperatively. All patients were pleased with the healing of their incisions in midline, paramedian, and temporal regions. Alloplastic fixation devices used were visible postoperatively in 2 patients initially. Conclusions: The endoscopic forehead lift is a suitable approach for treating the upper third of the face in the presence of male pattern baldness. The use of alloplastic fixation devices may be used in this patient population, but other fixation methods should be considered.

Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 2013

Brow ptosis is a common aesthetic concern in aging patients, contributing to the perception of an angry, sad, or tired face. 1,2 A surgical browlift addresses the drooping brow and rejuvenates the upper face. The goal is to produce a long-lasting and aesthetically pleasing browlift with minimal complications.

Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, 2013

Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal

Background: Over the past few years, other methods have been replaced by endoscopic forehead rejuvenation. In many cases, it is the treatment of choice and it is widely used for the rejuvenation of the upper third of the face, especially to raise eyebrows. Objectives: Due to the growing number of cosmetic surgeries and particularly endoscopic surgeries, awareness of the effectivity and longevity of endoscopic surgery appears necessary due to relatively high costs and complications that the patient imposes. There is still ambiguity about changes which appear during aging in the forehead area, however, almost all forehead rejuvenation surgeries are based upon the fact that forehead aging causes eyebrow dropping. Methods: All patients, who had endoscopic brow lift surgery at Amir Aalam hospital in 2013, were considered in this study. The surgeries were performed at Amir Aalam hospital of Tehran, Iran, by a plastic surgeon and usually on an outpatient basis (day-care basis) and by means of the standard procedures during 1 year. All patients had sub-periosteal endoscopic brow lift surgery, which was performed by 5 separate incisions. Standard photography was performed for all patients with standard views before and after surgery. Complications and surgical techniques were described for the patients in an understandable (simplified) manner. To evaluate the position of the brows before and after surgery, photography was performed before and after the surgery. Results: Twenty-five patients had an endoscopic brow lift surgery at Amir Aalam hospital, during year 2013. The information and the photography of 20 patients were evaluated. The average age of the patients was 54 years old. Eighteen patients were female and 2 were male. All patients were Iranian. The photographic comparison before and after surgery clearly showed elevation of the brows. On the medial side, the average elevation was 5.25 mm and on the lateral side that was 4.5 mm. In all cases, there were statistically significant differences (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, we could conclude that endoscopic forehead rejuvenation surgery, which is used for the rejuvenation of the upper third of the face, has had a clear brow elevation with complete satisfaction in Iranian patients. Most patients (95.2%) were satisfied and only encountered slight side effects.

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2008

Background: Endoscopic brow lift has become widely accepted as a method for rejuvenation of the upper third of the face, mainly to achieve eyebrow elevation. In this study, the authors quantified eyebrow elevation after videoendoscopic subperiosteal technique and followed up the heights of the eyebrows at different postoperative intervals. Methods: Seventy-two patients were submitted to endoscopic subperiosteal brow lift, and photographic evaluation was performed preoperatively and at different intervals postoperatively. From an interpupillary line, three different measurements on each side were obtained up to the superior border of both eyebrows. The distance between the medial eyebrows was also measured. Results were analyzed statistically by using the t test. Results: Comparing preoperative values and those obtained at 5 months postoperatively, significant augmentation in medial, central, and lateral height of both eyebrows was noted (p Ͻ 0.05). Analyzing a group of 38 patients with mean postoperative times of 8.5 and 3.5 months, it was noted that there is spontaneous and significant augmentation in the medial height of both eyebrows (p Ͻ 0.05). A third group (24 patients) was analyzed at mean postoperative times of 3.5 and 24 months. The later follow-up showed continuous and significant elevation of the medial, central, and lateral height of both eyebrows (p Ͻ 0.05). The distance between medial eyebrows did not show any statistical difference. Conclusion: Subperiosteal endoscopic brow lift showed clinical and statistical effectiveness in correcting eyebrow ptosis, promoting also a spontaneous and progressive elevation of eyebrows, without enlarging the interbrow distance.

Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 2001

Rejuvenation surgery of the upper one-third of the face can be accomplished by a number of well-known techniques and approaches. The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine if endoscopic-assisted forehead lifts achieve the same degree of correction as the coronal/pretrichial forehead lifts, (2) to assess the effect of concurrent blepharoplasty on brow elevation, and (3) to evaluate long-term results of coronal/ pretrichial forehead lifts. The study was a retrospective blinded comparison of pre-and postoperative photographs of patients who underwent forehead lifts. In order to control for the differences in photographs, ratios of distances were measured utilizing standard anthropometric sites of the brow, medial canthus, and subnasale. All reviewed cases were operated on by the same surgeon (S.W. Perkins, M.D.). A total of 140 patients having undergone forehead lift procedures and with 12-month postoperative photographic documentation were included in the study. Of these 121 patients had coronal forehead lifts and 19 had endoscopic-assisted forehead lifts. Results revealed that at 1 year follow-up both methods achieved brow elevation without a significant difference in the approach. Concomitant blepharoplasty had no statistical effect on brow position. Additionally, long-term follow-up on the coronal/pretrichial lifts revealed a gradual drop in brow position over 5 years. We conclude that both endoscopic and coronal/pretrichial forehead lifts provide for comparable elevation at 1-year follow-up. Concomitant blepharoplasty has minimal to no significant effect on brow position. Brow elevation in coronal/pretrichial forehead lifts may be temporary.

Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery, 2011

Objective: To examine patients who have undergone midforehead brow-lift to assess the resulting brow position, symmetry, and final scar and overall appearance based on objective evaluations by masked plastic surgeons and laypersons.

Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 2012