Reading News Images in Japan (Ch4-5)

BACKGROUND:Practice nurses have a key role within UK general practice, especially since the 2004 GMS contract. This study aimed to describe that role, identify how professionally supported they felt and their career intentions. An additional aim was to explore whether they felt isolated and identify contributory factors.METHODS:A cross-sectional questionnaire survey in one large urban Scottish Health Board, targeted all practice nurses (n = 329). Domains included demographics, workload, training and professional support. Following univariate descriptive statistics, associations between categorical variables were tested using the chi-square test or chi-square test for trend; associations between dichotomous variables were tested using Fisher's Exact test. Variables significantly associated with isolation were entered into a binary logistic regression model using backwards elimination.RESULTS:There were 200 responses (61.0% response rate). Most respondents were aged 40 or over and were practice nurses for a median of 10 years. Commonest clinical activities were coronary heart disease management, cervical cytology, diabetes and the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Although most had a Personal Development Plan and a recent appraisal, 103 (52.3%) felt isolated at least sometimes; 30 (15.5%) intended leaving practice nursing within 5 years.Isolated nurses worked in practices with smaller list sizes (p = 0.024) and nursing teams (p = 0.003); were less likely to have someone they could discuss a clinical/professional (p = 0.002) or personal (p < 0.001) problem with; used their training and qualifications less (p < 0.001); had less productive appraisals (p < 0.001); and were less likely to intend staying in practice nursing (p = 0.009). Logistic regression analysis showed that nurses working alone or in teams of two were 6-fold and 3.5-fold more likely to feel isolated. Using qualifications and training to the full, having productive appraisals and planning to remain in practice nursing all mitigated against feeling isolated.CONCLUSIONS:A significant proportion of practice nurses reported feeling isolated, at least some of the time. They were more likely to be in small practices and more likely to be considering leaving practice nursing. Factors contributing to their isolation were generally located within the practice environment. Providing support to these nurses within their practice setting may help alleviate the feelings of isolation, and could reduce the number considering leaving practice nursing

All organisations, under competitive pressures, are increasingly seeking to examine their chain value in order to deliver products according to customer needs.

2007

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2011

ABSTRACT Since its inception, the venerable TREC retrieval conference has relied upon specialist assessors or participating groups to create relevance judgments for the tracks that it runs. However, recently crowdsourcing has been proposed as a possible alternative to traditional TREC-like assessments, supporting fast accumulation of judgments at a low cost. 2010 was the first year that TREC experimented with crowdsourcing.

8 social welfare. The migrant labour system defined the incorporation of labour in South Africa and remains an important feature of the labour market. Gender ideology impacts in this realm, and households often already make decisions about issues such as the education and socialisation of children, and whether they are burdened with household chores.

… for Search and Data …

This paper reports useful observations made during the design and test of a crowdsourcing task with a high “imaginative load”, a term we introduce to designate a task that requires workers to answer questions from a hypothetical point of view that is beyond their daily experiences. We find that workers are able to deliver high quality responses to such HITs, but that it is important that the HIT title allows workers to formulate accurate expectations of the task. Also important is the inclusion of free-text justification questions that target specific items in a pattern that is not obviously predictable. These findings were supported by a small-scale experiment run on several crowdsourcing platforms.

2006

Released By -James A. Riedel