Maltreatment of Children With Disabilities

2015

and trademarked by the American Academy of Pediatrics, 141 Northwest Point Boulevard, Elk

International Review of Research in Mental Retardation, 2008

Contents 1. Introduction 252 2. Definitional and Methodological Issues 253 2.1. Definitional issues 253 2.2. Methodological issues 258 3. Demographics of Child Abuse in Children with Disabilities 263 3.1. Prevalence studies of abuse of children with disabilities 263 3.2. Abuse and neglect among specific disabilities 265 4. Going Beyond More or Less Abuse 269 4.1. The ecology of child abuse: Theoretical issues 269 4.2. Characteristics contributing to child abuse among typically developing children 271 4.3. Characteristics contributing to abuse among children with disabilities 273 5. Remaining Issues for Research 278 5.1. Correlates or antecedents? 279 5.2. Same or different amounts of each risk factor? 279 5.3. What percentage of the variance is accounted for by each risk factor? 280 5.4. How should screening and intervention be performed? 281 6. Conclusion 282 Acknowledgments 283 References 283

Pediatrics, 2017

BACKGROUND: Children with disabilities are at increased risk of child maltreatment; however, there is a gap in the evidence about whether all disabilities are at equal risk and whether risk factors vary according to the type of disability. METHODS: A population-based record-linkage study of all children born in Western Australia between 1990 and 2010. Children with disabilities were identified by using population-based registers and risk of maltreatment determined by allegations reported to the Department for Child Protection and Family Support. RESULTS: Although children with disabilities make up 10.4% of the population, they represent 25.9% of children with a maltreatment allegation and 29.0% of those with a substantiated allegation; however, increased risk of maltreatment was not consistent across all disability types. Children with intellectual disability, mental/behavioral problems, and conduct disorder continued to have increased risk of an allegation and substantiated allegat...

JAMA, 2016

Children with disabilities are at increased risk for maltreatment, 1,2 and neglect accounts for the majority of such cases. 3 Although most cases of suspected neglect are unsubstantiated at the time of the initial report to child protective services (CPS), 4 meaning there is insufficient legal evidence of maltreatment, these children are at risk for subsequent maltreatment. 5

Child Abuse & Neglect, 2003

Objective: Children with special health care needs are known to be at increased risk of all forms of child maltreatment when compared to children without such needs. We describe a health care team's experience providing medical evaluations for suspected child maltreatment to children with special health care needs. Method: Consecutive cases seen as outpatients in the Abuse Referral Clinic for Children with Disabilities were abstracted and analyzed. Mail and telephone follow-up contact was attempted after the medical evaluation to determine adherence with treatment recommendations. A subsample of cases for which complete financial information was available was reviewed to determine a reimbursement rate. Results: During the study, 49 children received complete outpatient evaluations. Ages ranged from 3 to 16 years old, and 54% were males. Special needs spanned a wide range of physical, developmental/ cognitive and behavioral conditions. The largest number of referrals came from child protective services (42%) followed by referrals from physicians (27%). After the team's comprehensive evaluation, 18% of the children were found to have a history or physical examination that was diagnostic for child maltreatment, 13% were thought to be at high risk, 25% were thought to be at low risk and 44% were thought to have non-abusive etiologies. The collection rate was 14% for an average reimbursement of $38 per case. Only 29 caregivers could be found at follow-up and 22 remembered the recommendations made by the team. Of the 25 cases that were referred for outpatient mental health counseling, 12 (48%) complied. Conclusion: Children with a wide range of special health care needs were evaluated in an outpatient special health care needs clinic that offered comprehensive medical evaluations for possible child maltreatment. Medical evaluation services for this group of children were poorly reimbursed. Mental health services were frequently recommended but often not accessed. Child maltreatment teams seeking to serve children with special health care needs will need to plan for service delivery to a potentially ଝ

Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 2012

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 1994

Objective: The goals of this study were (1) to determine the prevalence of child maltreatment in hospitalized children and adolescents with developmental disabilities and concomitant psychiatric disorders, and (2) to identify the contribution of specific mother and child characteristics to the use of more severe disciplinary practices by mothers. Method: One hundred thirty-eight psychiatrically hospitalized children and adolescents with developmental disabilities and mothers were assessed using a semistructured interview (Child Abuse and Neglect Interview Schedule) examining factors associated with risk of child maltreatment, and questionnaires measuring maternal and child functioning. The Child Abuse and Neglect Interview Schedule and hospital charts were then used to derive ratings on the prevalence and severity of child maltreatment. Results: Findings revealed that 61% of children had experienced some form of severe maltreatment by a care provider in their lifetime. Regression analysis indicated that interactions between high levels of social functioning and disruptive/oppositional behaviors and younger age in children, and low levels of social support and increased anger reactivity in mothers, were most predictive of mothers' use of severe disciplinary practices. Conclusions: Maltreatment in psychiatrically hospitalized children and adolescents with disabilities is very prevalent, and it warrants careful clinical assessment. In the psychiatric setting, families in which the child is younger, higher functioning, and behaviorally disruptive, and where mothers have little social support and exhibit increased anger reactivity, are at especially elevated risk.

2009

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2011

This article explores the prevalence and characteristics of children with disabilities within the child welfare system using administrative data from the State of Minnesota. This study finds that more than a fifth (22%) of children with substantiated maltreatment are labeled in administrative records as having a disability, and more than one quarter of children (27.9%) over age five. The most common type of disability among children with substantiated maltreatment was emotional disturbance, while other common disabilities included intellectual and developmental disabilities and learning disabilities. Using logistic regression, this study finds that children with substantiated maltreatment with disabilities were about two times more likely to be in out of home placement than children with substantiated maltreatment without disabilities. Prevalence of children with disabilities in the child welfare system