Land Planning Authorities and Sustainable Tourism in Zanzibar

The National Land Use Plan (NLUP) sets out the physical planning framework with a perspective to the year 2015. The NLUP also provides a spatial framework for public as well as private sector investment programmes and serves as a basis for environmental protection. The Zanzibar Vision 2020 on the other hand aims to achieve sustainable economic growth averaging 9-10% by the year 2020 by diversifying the economy with the tourism industry which will provide employment opportunities of around 50% compared to 20% in agriculture. Starting from planning permission and ending with enforcement powers, the land planning authorities can therefore, as per the NLUP and Vision 2020, play a significant role in the implementation of sustainable tourism development such as in setting the land use framework in a way that fits the tourism industry. Nevertheless, confrontation between the authorities as well as economic, political and social interference has never escaped the planning system. The same applies between public interest against public participation. In terms of economic growth, sustainable tourism industry has a direct role in revenue and employment. Yet, the tourism industry has faced criticism on environmental damage which is a move away from sustainable tourism industry. In analyzing the Zanzibar’s practicalities revealing successes and failures of the land planning authorities in the implementation of sustainable tourism development, this study concludes that Zanzibar favors economic sustainability in comparison to ecological sustainability. Hence Zanzibar is recommended to recognize the importance of not only rationalizing the use to which land is put in sustainable tourism development, but even more importantly ensuring that land and resources are stewarded ecologically for present and future generations.

Journal of Human Ecology

Sustainable tourism (ST) development in Zanzibar is considered as one of the vital activities that could generate income for day-today management of protected areas through benefit-sharing. This paper examines the potential of benefit-sharing from sustainable tourism in the Kiwengwa-Pongwe tourism zone (KPTZ) in Zanzibar from two major routes: water services and tourist attractions from Kiwengwa-Pongwe forest reserve (KPFR). Nine (9) out of thirteen (13) hoteliers and 35 tourists participated in a willingness to pay (WTP) survey conducted in August 2006. Data were obtained through questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions and field observations. Great potential exists for the Kiwengwa-Pongwe tourism zone in Zanzibar to generate significant economic benefits from tourism business. However, the inexistence of an appropriate benefit-sharing mechanism makes the attainment of this goal difficult. If a benefit-sharing mechanism is properly instituted to allow an equitable economic, social and environmental benefit-sharing, tourism stakeholders and the surrounding communities would be able to generate enough revenue for financing a number of local sustainable development initiatives.

Sociological Jurisprudence Journal

Sustainable Tourism often watches videos and is echoed by tourism experts around the world. The aims of this research are to discuss the use of Land, Investment, Tourism, Local Wisdom and Globalization and to find out the problem of the availability of land in Bali. This study uses a normative research method by combining land and tourism regulations. The result of this research shows that Tourism activities require the conversion of land, land and resources. In the context of globalization, the presence of investors from one country to another is a necessity. The current problems related to land are exacerbated by the emergence of: (a) Globalization, (b) Socio-cultural changes, (c) orientation of shifting values towards materialistic (d) Changes in patterns and lifestyles increasingly towards consumerism, (e) Individualistic and hegemony personal.

2009

2017

Understanding drivers of tourism is important in transforming actors’ perceptions and ultimately the industry for sustainability. Motives, historical forces shaping tourism policy, legislations and their actual implementations is less researched. This paper exposes drivers of tourism in Zanzibar. It explains how the contested natural, cultural heritage, revolutionary regime, neoliberal structural adjustment, legislations and policy changes in the archipelago shape our understanding of tourism theory and practices overtime and space. It is generally founded that enduring political instability, conflicting institutional power struggles and variable interests have created unique unsustainable tourism practices and trends in the island. Overall, the paper contributes to an understanding of the use of post structural critical theory and political ecology approach in rethinking the future of tourism policy and legislations with references to island destinations in developing economies.

2018

Sustainable development is becoming more relevant to be applied in various development sectors. As a matter of fact, Nusa Tenggara Barat Province also implemented this model to develop its tourism sector through a good planning. This phenomena occurred due the complexity in the correlation between tourism and sustainable development which has not yet reached a consensus. As the implication, sustainable development implemented for tourism sector in NTB (particularly Lombok Island) has managed to achieve only economic targets, while it often gave negative impacts for the environment. Therefore, this research was necessary to conduct in order to evaluate the planning of the Sustainable Tourism Master Plan Lombok 2015-2019. This research employed a qualitative method which data were analyzed using an interactive data analysis and SWOT analysis. KEY WORDS Development planning, sustainable development, sustainable tourism, Lombok Island.

This study sought to assess the viability of sustainable tourism in Tanzania. The research objectives of the study were: To investigate the benefits of sustainable tourism, to examine the role of the government in sustainable tourism and to evaluate and identify the best practices for sustainable tourism. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The population of the study was drawn from local communities, tour operators, local government agencies and other potential stakeholders who total up 970. This study utilized a sample size of 120 acquired using a stratified random sampling technique. Data was collected using questionnaires and structured interviews. Analysis of quantitative data was done using SPSS for measures such as means, deviations and ranges. Qualitative data collected was analyzed using content analysis and pattern matching. Presentation of qualitative data was done using case descriptions while quantitative data was presented using tables and figures. This study found that sustainable tourism had various positive benefits to various stakeholders including, the community, the government, the environment and the tourists. The community benefit through increased job opportunities, incomes and economic growth in their locations. The government benefited from increased revenue and income, peace and cohesion in the society, foreign exchange gains, employment generation and environmental management. The environment benefit through increased publicity and awareness, increased financing of environmental projects and increased revenue for environmental protection as well as better environmental management. The government had a policy development role, planning and implementation role in the sustainable tourism framework. Further, the government performed well in the development of policies, structures, rules, regulations and systems for sustainable tourism in addition to developing appropriate health structures and systems. On the other hand, the government performed poorly in implementing these policies and rules. NGO’s and the private sector also had a role in sustainable tourism to create awareness, undertake research and undertake environmental assessments and audits. The principles of sustainable tourism identified included community participation, economic empowerment, resource sharing, environmental conservation and management and ecological sustainability and conservation. In addition, sustainable tourism must enhance conservation of the culture of the community. This study concluded that the government, community and the environment are the major stakeholders within the sustainable tourism framework. The government and community benefited from incomes, jobs and social responsibility programs. The environment benefitted through increased publicity, financing and environmental management. Secondly, this study concluded that the government has a role in ensuring the success of sustainable tourism. The roles were policy development, policy implementation and planning for key services e.g. infrastructure and health systems. The major principles of sustainable tourism were: community participation, economic empowerment, sharing of benefits, impact on the environment, ecological sustainability and protection and conservation of the culture of the community. This study recommended that the stakeholders in the sustainable tourism should undertake massive education programs for the identification of stakeholders within the framework. this study recommended that all the stakeholders should work together and in-conjunction to ensure the success of sustainable tourism. This study recommended that the government should not just develop structure and systems in policy, rather, the government should implement the policies and systems. To enhance success of sustainable tourism in Tanzania, this study recommended that the stakeholders should develop a sustainable tourism strategic plan to provide, direction, vision and strategic alternatives to the systems.

The African Review 4, 2020

The promulgation of the Environmental Management Act, 2015 of Zanzibar is a relatively new development. It has ushered optimism in the environmental management and protection realm in Zanzibar. The Act repeals and replaces the framework Environmental Management and Sustainable Development Act of 1996. Ostensibly this development seeks to reflect the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar's (RGZ) concerted effort to address the rampant environmental degradation on the Isles by taking into account a number of developments at the international and local levels. The article provides a critical analysis of the new Act by, inter alia, making some comparisons with the repealed framework law. Its main thesis posits that although the intention of the RGZ is plausible, the new law is not an inviolable recipe for addressing the major challenges of environmental degradation facing the Archipelago. Keywords Environmental management and protection law and policy-Zanzibar

2013

Tourism has become World’s largest and fastest growing industry with employment of 260 million people and contribution to 9% of world’s GDP. In today’s scenario Sustainable tourism is a responsible tourism intending to generate employment and income along with alleviating any deeper impact on environment and local culture. “Tourism destroys Tourism”-has been observed through many case studies like Shimla and Mussoorie. That’s why the need of the hour is that balance must be found between limits and usage so that continuous changing, monitoring and planning of the tourism projects ensures management of tourism for the longer run and for the generations and generations . Economic, social and environmental aspects of sustainable development must include the interests of all stakeholders including local people or communities, visitors, industry and government. In this paper it is aimed to understand the awareness of the planners and other stakeholders about sustainable development. Furt...

International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research, 2019

Tourism, which is a significant opportunity for increasing competitiveness, becomes an important aim of development when it is integrated with sustainability and protectionism principles. The association of the tourism sector, which has developed all over the world with the globalization process, with the conservation policies and environment centered approaches is a crucial practice in terms of protecting universal values. However, this process has to be integrated with the management and planning policies. Conservation and sustainability principles should be the fundamental strategy of the local actors in the tourism planning for the protection and promotion of social values. In this way, economic development goals may be integrated with the protection policies. This study aims to make visible the necessity of an environment-centered perspective in tourism management and its contribution to sustainable development. In this study, it is put forward that the tourism principles which are planned with an environment centric sense of management, prevents the spatial problems and sprawl to emerge in consequence of the decisions and applications regarding the use of land and the role thus the importance of these principles in the sustainable development process are underlined.