The Native Mexicans Status in the Process of Time
Radoslav Hlusek
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Abstract
This article deals with the history of Mexico from the point of view of its original inhabitants. From this point of view of historical importance it is divided into four parts - Mexico before the conquest, colonial Mexico, Mexico after achieving independence and post-revolutionary Mexico. First chapter is focused to describe the social and political system of the Aztec empire as the hegemonic class at the time of the arrival of the Spaniards, and whose organization serves as an exemplary model. In the second chapter we are focusing on the change of social status of its inhabitants after the conquest of Mexico by the Europeans. The Indians have lost their indenpendence, the ruling elite their positions, although for the common Indians there was practically no change in their way of life. However, the existence of the Republic of the Indians, the Republic of the Spaniards and also the indigenous laws show that the natives, at least according to the legislation, were protected by the Spanish legislative system. This has changed substantially after the indenpendence and the birth of the Republic (chapter three) influenced by liberalism. At the time of the annulment of communal land ownership, the economic status of the indigenous people was weakened, caused marginalization and the situation of the indigenous people became a social problem. The deplorable situation of the indigenous communities began to be addressed only after the Mexican Revolution. With the agrarian reform through the ejidos, large extensions of land were returned to the natives. However, and in spite of other supports, the indigenous problem and their marginalization continues and has not been solved. It continues and even more, since the 90's, and thanks to the defeat of the agrarian reform, globalization and neoliberalism has intensified, which reflects negatively on their communities.
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