SPACE AND TIME VARIABILITY OF GRAPEVINE PHENOLOGY IN EUROPE

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is cultivated in Europe since five thousand years and during this long period it was exposed to a wide climatic variability with conditions ranging from hot phases (e.g. the Roman optimum) to cold ones (e.g. the Little Ice Age). This work aims to evaluate the effects of European climate variability and change on grapevine cv Chardonnay phenology along the recent period (1981-2012) which was characterized by two homogeneous thermal phases divided by an abrupt shift occurred at the end of the 80s. This goal was pursued applying the operational phenological model of the Iphen project to daily European thermal fields and analyzing the deriving behavior of grapevine phenology (cv Chardonnay) . Since 2006 the Iphen Project (http://cma.entecra.it/iphen/index_EN.html) periodically produces and broadcast Italian maps of phenological analysis and forecasts for grapevine and other relevant natural and cultivated plants such as Olive tree, Cypress, and Locust tree....