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The provision of state funded and democratically accountable care services represents one of the most potentially transformative advances in gendered social relations and equality for women by ‘defamilizing’ care and providing paid work. But the cost of providing these services, which women have access to them and how they should be provided are always at the forefront of debate, especially during economic crises. Socially funded and publicly accountable care services are therefore a key site of feminist activity, but also the frontline for spending cuts and 'reform' during times of austerity. Gender Equality in Public Services analyses how gender equality work in British public services is changing in response to factors including: equality legislation; the erosion of local democracy, privatisation of public services and new forms of feminist activism and leadership. It also assesses the challenges and opportunities for promoting women’s equality in producing and using publ...
The starting point of the conference organised by the Friedrich Ebert Foundation on 3 October 2016 was the idea that care for children, the sick and elderly is an integral part of human life and indispensable for social reproduction. Housework and care are not just issues of work–life balance but prerequisites of taking part in the labour market and of the functioning of the economy. It is not enough to encourage men to take their fair share in these responsibilities, we also need social systems that recognize the importance of care at their full value, and the growing pressure on our societies in relation to care.
Transforming Care Conferece. Milano, 28/06/2017, 2017
In this paper, we present partial findings from research carried out in Catalonia (Spain) on men as care workers in municipal social care services. We focus on the analysis of local policies of care, examining the role of men care workers. Our starting point is twofold. First, the implementation of the Dependency Act has been severely affected by significant cuts in public spending. This has had a direct impact on families, as they are once again primarily responsible for the provision of care. Second, gender discrimination based on the sexual division of labour persists in our society, with women bearing the responsibility for care work. Taking this duality into account, we examine how local governments attend to the care needs of the public at a time of economic crisis. We also explore the role attributed to male care workers in the design of policies, as an essential factor in achieving gender equality and addressing the growing needs for the provision care, as well as meeting the specific demands created by recipients of care. Our data was collected from focus groups conducted with several Catalan municipal councils. Technical staff responsible for care services and training participated in these focus groups. Our preliminary conclusions can be summarised in two main areas. First, local care services are the main partners of families in meeting their care needs. Men have not been included as active agents in local policies, which are generally related to training and occupation, and framed within gender equality policies focusing on women. Second, local authorities play an important role in conferring dignity on the figure of the care worker, which is essential to end the gender-based division of labour. Networks and community structures must play a more significant role in order to achieve a care system that is based on the values of democracy, dignity and equality.
Care is performed at the intersections of various social differentiations in which its gendering appears tenacious. This article delineates four thematic clusters that variously focus on the work, relations, practices and politics of care, and elaborates on some organising concepts, studies and arguments. These framings overlap and question each other: the sexual division of labour, mothering, the economic and social value of women's domestic work and the work/care regime; gendered critiques of welfare regimes and a care regime; the care economy, a sharpening care crisis and care deficit with neo-liberal policies and demands for a work-life balance; and the rationalities, biopolitics and governmentalities of the social organisation and morality of care. Discussions diverge and converge in debates on the making of gender relations in work and political economy. Taking the labour of care seriously in the struggle against women's subordination and gender inequalities appears inescapable.
Social Inclusion
Healthcare has long been a gendered enterprise, with women taking responsibility for maintaining health and engaging with service providers. Universal healthcare provision notwithstanding, women nonetheless undertake a range of healthcare work, on their own account and on behalf of others, which remains largely invisible. As part of a multi-method comparative European study that looked at access to healthcare in diverse neighbourhoods from the point of view of people’s own health priorities, the concept of ‘healthcare bricolage’ describes the process of mobilizing resources and overcoming constraints to meet particular health needs. Bricolage mediates between different kinds of resources to meet particular challenges and describing these processes makes visible that work which has been unseen, over-looked and naturalised, as part of a gendered caring role. Drawing on 160 semi-structured interviews and a survey with 1,755 residents of highly diverse neighbourhoods in Germany, UK, Swe...
2013
Introduction: the importance of unpaid care 1.1 Rationale for the thematic review 1.2 Objectives and main research questions 2 Approach: theoretical perspectives and review methods 2.1 Theoretical framework 2.2 Methodology 3 Results 3.1 Social protection 3.1.1 Types of intent on unpaid care-social protection 3.1.2 The political economy of incorporating unpaid care into statements of intent-social protection 3.1.3 Evaluating implementation and outcomes of intent on unpaid care-social protection 3.2 Early childhood development (ECD) 3.2.1 Types of intent on unpaid care-ECD 3.2.2 The political economy of incorporating unpaid care into statements of intent-ECD 3.2.3 Evaluating implementation and outcomes of intent of unpaid care-ECD 4 Conclusions and future directions 4.1 Key findings 4.2 Analysing gaps in knowledge 4.3 An agenda for the future Annexe A: Methodology Annexe B: List of social protection policies covered in the review Annexe C: List of social protection policies that address unpaid care concerns Annexe D: List of early childhood (ECD) policies covered in the review Annexe E: List of ECD policies that address unpaid care concerns Annexe F: Declining trends (ECD) Annexe G: Conflicting discourse (ECD)
Current neo-liberal measures in the context of service provision combined with recent austerity-dictated cuts to public services are having a negative impact on women's grassroots organisations, in that the joint effect of these changes jeopardises women's organisations' ability to provide targeted services to a range of women in vulnerable situations. There is a growing concern that gender equality in the UK will be seriously affected by this process Women's Resource Centre, 2013). feminist review 109 2015 (180-189) © 2015 Feminist Review. 0141-7789/15 www.feminist-review.com
Vulnerability and the Legal Organisation of Work, 2017
This chapter suggests that the vulnerability of “community” is impacted by the gendering of labour law. Its assessment draws on interview research I conducted with homecare workers in England, women who are employed to provide essential support to older and disabled people living in their own homes. Central to the discussion is the narrative of a research participant to whom I have given the pseudonym “Sophie.” Like many other homecare workers with whom I spoke, Sophie was just days away from losing her job. The public-sector local authority for which she had worked for almost a decade was closing down its homecare department and transferring work to almost fifty separate private-sector organisations with which it had entered into service delivery contracts following a process of cost competitive tendering. Sophie’s story, set out in the following section, sheds light on what it means for an individual homecare worker and her service-user to physically experience the relocating of care services from the public to the private-sector. It draws attention to the apparent ease with which care services can move from one paradigm to another through the legal metaphor of contract, and its dissonance with the human experience of deep trauma as a consequence of service transfer.
This paper revisits Jewson and Mason's seminal theoretical framework on liberal and radical approaches to equal opportunity policy and practice by applying it to our research on the implementation of the Gender Equality Duty in UK local government. Conducted at the height of Thatcherism, Jewson and Mason's research offers a useful platform for assessing equality initiatives in local government during periods of political hostility to equality underpinned by cuts to public services, which in more recent time is ascribed to austerity. Drawing on qualitative research in five case study local authorities, this paper assesses strategies for protecting and promoting gender equality practices and policies in the face of change within public services. We analyse three types of politics of equality (political philosophy, organizational politics and party politics) that feature in Jewson and Mason's analysis. In line with recent feminist research, our data indicate that equality specialists continue to use both liberal and radical discourses in instrumental ways to promote equality and resist change as described by Jewson and Mason, but these were more clearly framed within business case arguments influenced by the modernization agenda of the 1990s. Our data indicate that even business case arguments have been unable to protect equality initiatives from the 2010 coalition government's austerity and cuts agenda.
1998
26 2.2.3 Care of older people 2.2.4 Care of the handicapped/disabled Chapter 3: Identifying countries' strategies 3.1 National care strategies towards children 3.2 National care strategies towards older people
The article revisits comparative research on gender relations and the welfare state through the lens of the tensions between paid work and care. It discusses how these tensions shaped the intellectual enterprise of gendering welfare state analysis and women’s political activity in the welfare state, and the emergence of normative perspectives to overcome divisions between care and paid work. It concludes by identifying three challenges for future research posed by intersectionality, immigration and gender implications of long-term welfare state change. Nonetheless, the greatest cross-cutting challenge remains the need to balance care and paid work in feminist analysis of welfare states.
The current attack on public sector unions is the latest step in a long-term effort to “end big government” through a three–pronged strategy that falls heavily on women. The strategy targets three public sector groups: service users, workers, and unions. Yet most of the prevailing analysis focuses on one group or another and thus misses the whole story and the strategy’s wider impact, particularly on white women and women of color—the people who comprise the majority of public sector program users, workers, and union members.1 This is largely a result of the gender division of labor that still assigns most “care work” to women,I ncluding the type of care work that remains embedded in many public sector jobs.
European Journal of Politics and Gender
2017
ISSUE 130 • MARCH 2017 Globally, paid care work, such as care for children or the elderly is a fast-growing sector of the market economy. Yet, it remains undervalued by governments and citizens in both monetary and societal terms which has damaging implications for women's economic empowerment and gender relations more broadly. In order to shape new political responses to the Sustainable Development Goal 5's targets on unpaid care and domestic work, it is critical to make the connections between paid and unpaid care work and its impact on gender equality and women's rights. Without reinforcing care work as 'women's work', such responses should promote decent work for women and men in the care sector, invest in care workers, and acknowledge the global dimension of care work.
Australian Feminist Studies, 1999
Feminist services have played a major role in the life of Australian human service sector in the past twenty years. They have ventured into areas that others have thought too difficult, provided agency models linking the personal to the political and forced mainstream services to take women's needs seriously. Within this context feminist services have experienced a range of conflict that has occurred internally and with other human services. This paper focuses on the nature of that conflict within feminist services in one region and in particular how it has changed in recent years with the impact of economic rationalism. This current environment exacerbates existing conflicts and creates new ones by:
Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy, 2021
There is a long-established link between care policies and gender equality outcomes, and much modelling of welfare state typologies look at care provision as a distinguishing feature. However, to date, little research has been done which has systematically and critically examined those links by examining the policies and the way they operate, how and why they affect gender equality, and the governance of care policies in a comparative way. This paper draws on evidence from a recently completed comparative study looking at long-term care and gender equality. A CQA (Comparative Qualitative Analysis) approach was used to identify case studies, and further analysis carried out which focussed on: overall, how the policies and the way they operated to achieve gender equality; the governance and design of policies that led to good gender equality outcomes; the level of policy making; the role of the state, the family, the community and the nonstatutory civic sector in designing and deliver...
2013
The UK coalition government is bound by equality duties to have regard to the impact of its policies on various groups, including women. This article investigates how far this legislative commitment is influencing debates about current welfare reforms, especially plans for 'universal credit' (a new means-tested benefit). The authors draw on findings from recent studies of within-household distribution from a gender perspective, including their own qualitative research. A major aim of this research was to facilitate more nuanced analysis of the effects of welfare reforms in terms of gender roles and relationships within the household. This article therefore examines how far findings from qualitative studies, in conjunction with the key principles they develop for assessing the gender impact of welfare reforms, can be used to examine 'universal credit'; and to what extent these influenced the UK government's proposals and analysis in the light of its commitment to equality duties.
2018
The purpose of this thesis was to examine the impact of the Public Sector Equality Duty ('the Duty') on the lives of single mother, local authority service users, focusing on their experiences 'on the ground'. The discourse surrounding lone mothers has long been highly politicised, entrenched in a paradigm of dependency. This in-depth, qualitative study, undertaken between February 2013 and May 2015, used an alternative perspective of gender equality through considering the positive rights of this group. Using Bristol and Bristol City Council (BCC) as a case study, a socio-legal approach was utilised through desktop, analytical work to explore the theoretical underpinning of the Duty as 'reflexive' law, assess local policy and decision-making processes, and ascertain the services available to single mothers. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 single mothers and 11 stakeholders to support a contextualised understanding of the way these services were used. Based on the analysis and findings of this research, BCC had established significant structures to deliver the Duty, effectively engaging local actors to improve organisational mechanisms and support equality. The Duty was identified as having a positive impact on single mother service users, potentially supporting their participation in public life. However, organisational mechanisms stimulated by the Duty were identified as vulnerable to ongoing austerity measures. This study contributes to knowledge in three respects. Firstly, it addresses a gap in evidence identified in the 2013 Governmental review of the Equality Duty, by showing how the Duty underpins transparent decision-making processes and, through localised, reflexive mechanisms informs service delivery that better meets the needs of service users. Furthermore, the systematic and detailed sociological study of the Duty's mechanisms explores its operation 'on the ground' from a novel perspective. Finally, through positioning single mothers as knowledgeable social actors, it offers an alternative paradigm to existing work that portrays them as passive recipients.
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