ANALYSIS OF VIDEO COMPRESSION IN MPEG-2 STANDARD

IBM Journal of Research and Development, 2000

The motion-estimation search range required for interframe encoding with the MPEG-2 video compression standard depends on a number of factors, including video content, video resolution, elapsed time between reference and predicted pictures, and, just as significantly, pragmatic considerations in implementing a cost-effective solution. In this paper we present a set of experimental results that provide a probabilistic characterization of the size of motion vectors for different types of video, from well-known standard test sequences to fast-paced sports sequences to action movie clips. We study the impact of search range on compression efficiency and video quality. Finally, and on the basis of these results, we conclude with recommendations for target search ranges suitable for highquality compression of standard and highdefinition video.

Communications of The ACM, 1991

The Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) standard addresses compression of video signals at approximately 1.5M-bits. MPEG is a generic standard and is independent of any particular applications. Applications of compressed video on digital storage media include asymmetric applications such as electronic publishing, games and entertainment. Symmetric applications of digital video include video mail, video conferencing, videotelephone and production of electronic publishing. Design of the MPEG algorithm presents a difficult challenge since quality requirements demand high compression that cannot be achieved with only intraframe coding. The algorithm's random access requirement, however, is best satisfied with pure intraframe coding. MPEG uses predictive and interpolative coding techniques to answer this challenge. Extensive details are presented.

H.264 is the advanced video coding standard. Video is the sequence of images played with respect to time. The successive images are highly correlated with each other. Video compression algorithms take the advantage of this fact. Only the residual information is transmitted using the technique called as block based motion estimation and motion compensation[2]. Work on the emerging " Advanced Video Coding " (AVC) standard now known as ITU-T(International Telecommunication Union) Recommendation H.264 and as ISO 14496(International Organization For Standards) (MPEG-4) Part 10 has dominated the video coding standardization community. The work has been stimulating, intense, dynamic, and all consuming for those of us most deeply involved in its design. The time has arrived to see what has been accomplished. The new H.264/AVC standard is designed to provide a technical solution appropriate for a broad range of applications, including broadcast over cable, satellite, cable modem, t...

Signal Processing: Image Communication, 1995

We address the problem of compressing IO-bits per pixel video using the tools of the emerging MPEG-2 standard, which is primarily targeted to &bits per pixel video. We show that an amplitude scalable compression scheme for IO-bit video can be developed using the MPEG-2 syntax and tools. We experimentally evaluate the performance of the scalable approach and compare it with the straightforward non-scalable approach where the lo-bit input is rounded to 8 bits and usual b-bit MPEG-2 compression is applied. In addition to general performance evaluation of scalable and non-scalable approaches, we also evaluate their multi-generation characteristics where the input video undergoes successive compression-decompression cycles. We show that it is possible to quantitatively analyze the multi-generation characteristics of the non-scalable approach using the theory of generalized projections. Enhancement Bit-stream c Deco&d Video (lo-bit) Decoded Video (a-bit, lower Bit-stream Store spat. res.) Fig. 2. Spatio-amplitude scalable IO-bit decoder.

2010

This paper presents an overview of the video compression standards related to the MPEG family. MPEG-7 and MPEG-21 are specially covered including its latest standard. MPEG-7 is mainly used for object descriptions and MPEG-21 is for DRM (Digital Rights Management). Keyword: MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, MPEG-7, MPEG-21, MPEG-A, MPEG-D I.INTRODUCTION MPEG is the “Moving Picture Experts Group”, working under the joint direction of the international Standards Organization (ISO) and the International Electro Technical Commission (IEC). This paper will provide an overview of the recent standards in the MPEG family. MPEG-7 is developed for Multimedia content description interface ,it uses XML to store metadata, and can be attached to timecode in order to tag particular events, or synchronise lyrics to a song. MPEG-21 is an open framework for multimedia delivery and consumption. It can be used to combine video, audio, text and graphics. The other latest version in MPEG like MPEG-A, MPEG-D is also...

2013

Nowadays, we cannot imagine our life without video content and without devices that enable us to acquire and display such content. According to recent research, in 2012, the video content transfer over the Internet was around 60% of the overall Internet data transfer, and the overall video transfer (including the Internet) could reach 90% during the next four years. The TV sets supporting only full high-definition (HD) resolution (i.e., 1080p) are already considered to be outdated due to a dramatic demand for the ultra-HD resolution that often refers to 3840 × 2160 (4K) or 7680 × 4320 (8K) resolutions. So, what are the key factors for such tremendous progress? If you are reading this special section on video compression technology, we are sure that you know the answer.. . This Optical Engineering special section attempts to provide an overview of the recent achievements in video compression technology, with articles written by professionals and experts in this field. Particularly, this special section consists of eight articles, which can be divided into four groups. The first group of articles consists of three papers and addresses various issues related to the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC video coding standard, particularly with regard to the video decoding process. The article "Optimal complexity scalable H.264/AVC video decoding scheme for portable multimedia devices" by H. Lee et al. presents a complexity-scalable H.264/MPEG-4 AVC-based video decoding scheme, thereby enabling control over decoding computational complexity in a scalable manner. Also, the article "Enhanced low bitrate H.264 video coding using decoder-side super-resolution and frame interpolation" by H. F. Ates offers a decoderside super-resolution (SR) and motion-compensated frame interpolation (MCFI) algorithms for improving the H.264/ MPEG-4 AVC coding efficiency. In addition, a fast decoding method is proposed for the context-adaptive variable length coding (CAVLC) by D. W. Ki and J. H. Kim in the article "Fast multiple run_before decoding method for efficient implementation of an H.264/AVC context-adaptive variable length coding decoder." The second group contains an article titled "Spatial and interlayer hybrid intra-prediction for H.264/SVC video" by C.-S. Park, which relates to the scalable extension of the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC video coding standard, i.e., to the scalable video coding (SVC) standard. In his work, Park aims to improve the intra-prediction performance by adaptively Ofer Hadar received BSc, MSc (cum laude), and PhD degrees from the Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, in 1990, 1992, and 1997, respectively, all in electrical and computer engineering. The prestigious Clore Fellowship supported his PhD studies. His PhD dissertation dealt with the effects of vibrations and motion on image quality and target acquisition.

Optical Engineering, 2013

Nowadays, we cannot imagine our life without video content and without devices that enable us to acquire and display such content. According to recent research, in 2012, the video content transfer over the Internet was around 60% of the overall Internet data transfer, and the overall video transfer (including the Internet) could reach 90% during the next four years. The TV sets supporting only full high-definition (HD) resolution (i.e., 1080p) are already considered to be outdated due to a dramatic demand for the ultra-HD resolution that often refers to 3840 × 2160 (4K) or 7680 × 4320 (8K) resolutions. So, what are the key factors for such tremendous progress? If you are reading this special section on video compression technology, we are sure that you know the answer.. . This Optical Engineering special section attempts to provide an overview of the recent achievements in video compression technology, with articles written by professionals and experts in this field. Particularly, this special section consists of eight articles, which can be divided into four groups. The first group of articles consists of three papers and addresses various issues related to the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC video coding standard, particularly with regard to the video decoding process. The article "Optimal complexity scalable H.264/AVC video decoding scheme for portable multimedia devices" by H. Lee et al. presents a complexity-scalable H.264/MPEG-4 AVC-based video decoding scheme, thereby enabling control over decoding computational complexity in a scalable manner. Also, the article "Enhanced low bitrate H.264 video coding using decoder-side super-resolution and frame interpolation" by H. F. Ates offers a decoderside super-resolution (SR) and motion-compensated frame interpolation (MCFI) algorithms for improving the H.264/ MPEG-4 AVC coding efficiency. In addition, a fast decoding method is proposed for the context-adaptive variable length coding (CAVLC) by D. W. Ki and J. H. Kim in the article "Fast multiple run_before decoding method for efficient implementation of an H.264/AVC context-adaptive variable length coding decoder." The second group contains an article titled "Spatial and interlayer hybrid intra-prediction for H.264/SVC video" by C.-S. Park, which relates to the scalable extension of the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC video coding standard, i.e., to the scalable video coding (SVC) standard. In his work, Park aims to improve the intra-prediction performance by adaptively Ofer Hadar received BSc, MSc (cum laude), and PhD degrees from the Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, in 1990, 1992, and 1997, respectively, all in electrical and computer engineering. The prestigious Clore Fellowship supported his PhD studies. His PhD dissertation dealt with the effects of vibrations and motion on image quality and target acquisition.

Digital video compression technologies have become part of life, in the way visual information is created, communicated and consumed. Some application areas of video compression focused on the problem of optimizing storage space and transmission bandwidth (BW). The two dimensional discrete cosine transform (2-D DCT) is an integral part of video and image compression, which is used in Moving Picture Expert Group (MPEG) encoding standards. Thus, several video compression algorithms had been developed to reduce the data quantity and provide the acceptable quality standard. In the proposed study, the Matlab Simulink Model (MSM) has been used for video coding/compression. The approach is more modern and reduces error resilience image distortion.