Tooth derived stem cells Update and perspectives

TheScientificWorldJournal, 2010

The development of biological and biomaterial sciences profiled tissue engineering as a new and powerful tool for biological replacement of organs. The combination of stem cells and suitable scaffolds is widely used in experiments today, in order to achieve partial or whole organ regeneration. This review focuses on the use of tissue engineering strategies in tooth regeneration, using stem cells and stem cells/scaffold constructs. Although whole tooth regeneration is still not possible, there are promising results. However, to achieve this goal, it is important to understand and further explore the mechanisms underlying tooth development. Only then will we be able to mimic the natural processes with the use of stem cells and tissue engineering techniques.

International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy

The regeneration potential of human tissue is very limited. With time and continuous research, science has reached a new level where we are almost capable of regenerating lost tissue. Adult stem cells are multipotent and can be induced experimentally to differentiate into various cell lineages. Hence, such cells play a role in achieving the promise of tissue regeneration. As of now, tests and trials are happening worldwide, but this advancement is still to be implemented in everyday practice. This article is our attempt to bring together all the relevant facts about stem cells, their use in tissue engineering and its application; through reviewing the key articles published so far on this topic so as to gather all the needful information about this utterly vast and complex matter. This review will also update the existing and current stem cells application in engineering tissue structures and its future prospects in the field of dentistry.

The Open Dentistry Journal, 2013

Tooth loss or absence is a common condition that can be caused by various pathological circumstances. The replacement of the missing tooth is important for medical and aesthetic reasons. Recently, scientists focus on tooth tissue engineering, as a potential treatment, beyond the existing prosthetic methods. Tooth engineering is a promising new therapeutic approach that seeks to replace the missing tooth with a bioengineered one or to restore the damaged dental tissue. Its main tool is the stem cells that are seeded on the surface of biomaterials (scaffolds), in order to create a biocomplex. Several populations of mesenchymal stem cells are found in the tooth. These different cell types are categorized according to their location in the tooth and they demonstrate slightly different features. It appears that the dental stem cells isolated from the dental pulp and the periodontal ligament are the most powerful cells for tooth engineering. Additional research needs to be performed in or...

2008

Tooth development results from sequential and reciprocal interactions between the oral epithelium and the underlying neural crest-derived mesenchyme. The generation of dental structures and/or entire teeth in the laboratory depends upon the manipulation of stem cells and requires a synergy of all cellular and molecular events that finally lead to the formation of tooth-specific hard tissues, dentin and enamel. Although

Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, 2012

The creation of teeth in the laboratory depends upon the manipulation of stem cells and requires a synergy of all cellular and molecular events that finally lead to the formation of tooth-specific hard tissues, dentin, and enamel. This review focuses on the different sources of stem cells that have been used for making teeth in vitro. The search was performed from 1970 to 2012 and was limited to English language papers. The keywords searched on medline were 'stem cells and dentistry,' 'stem cells and odontoblast,' 'stem cells and dentin,' and 'stem cells and ameloblasts.'

Dentistry Journal, 2016

Various treatment approaches for restoring missing teeth are being utilized nowadays by using artificial dental crowns/bridges or the use of dental implants. All aforementioned restorative modalities are considered to be the conventional way of treating such cases. Although these artificial therapies are commonly used for tooth loss rehabilitation, they are still less conservative, show less biocompatibility and fail to restore the natural biological and physiological function. Adding to that, they are considered to be costly due to the risk of failure and they also require regular maintenance. Regenerative dentistry is currently considered a novel therapeutic concept with high potential for a complete recovery of the natural function and esthetics of teeth. Biological-cell based dental therapies would involve replacement of teeth by using stem cells that will ultimately grow a bioengineered tooth, thereby restoring both the biological and physiological functions of the natural tooth, and are considered to be the ultimate goal in regenerative dentistry. In this review, various stem cell-based therapeutic approaches for tooth organ bioengineering will be discussed.

Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 2011

The accelerated pace of research in the stem cell field in recent decades and the accumulated body of knowledge has spurred the interest in potential clinical applications of stem cells in all branches of medicine including regenerative dentistry. In humans, embryonic and adult stem cells are two major groups of cells that can serve as a donor source in tissue engineering strategies based on ex-vivo cellular expansion. It has been shown that adult stem cell populations are present in all examined living tissues of the organism, thus being a crucial source of tissue homeostasis and regeneration, and offering a target population for in situ stimulation of extensive tissue regeneration. Experimental findings indicate that in the complex structure of the tooth organ, both periodontal and endodontic tissues harbour adult stem cells with characteristics peculiar to early stages of cellular differentiation. Myriad of strategies incorporating both embryonic and adult stem cells for the regeneration of a particular tooth structure or the whole teeth were proposed; however their successful application to solve real problems encountered in the clinical practice of dentistry remains an elusive and challenging objective.

PubMed, 2009

Recent studies have revealed the existence of stem cells in various human tissues including dental structures. We aimed to establish primary cell cultures from human dental pulp and periodontal ligament, to identify multipotential adult stem cells in these cultures, and to study the differentiation capacity of these cells to osteogenic and to neuronal fates. Dental pulp and the periodontal ligament were isolated from extracted human wisdom teeth. The extracellular matrix was enzymatically degraded to obtain isolated cells for culturing. Both dental pulp and periodontal ligament derived cultures showed high proliferative capacity and contained a cell population expressing the STRO-1 mesenchymal stem cell marker. Osteogenic induction by pharmacological stimulation resulted in mineralized differentiation as shown by Alizarin red staining in both cultures. When already described standard neurodifferentiation protocols were used, cultures exhibited only transient neurodifferentiation followed by either redifferentiation into a fibroblast-like phenotype or massive cell death. Our new three-step neurodifferentiation protocol consisting of (1) epigenetic reprogramming, then (2) simultaneous PKC/PKA activation, followed by (3) incubation in a neurotrophic medium resulted in robust neurodifferentiation in both pulp and periodontal ligament cultures shown by cell morphology, immunocytochemistry and real time PCR for vimentin and neuron-specific enolase. In conclusion, we report the isolation, culture and characterization of stem cell containing cultures from both human dental pulp and periodontal ligament. Furthermore, our data clearly show that both cultures differentiate into mineralized cells or to a neuronal fate in response to appropriate pharmacological stimuli. Therefore, these cells have high potential to serve as resources for tissue engineering not only for dental or bone reconstruction, but also for neuroregenerative treatments.

The Scientific World Journal, 2014

In dental practice there is an increasing need for predictable therapeutic protocols able to regenerate tissues that, due to inflammatory or traumatic events, may suffer from loss of their function. One of the topics arising major interest in the research applied to regenerative medicine is represented by tissue engineering and, in particular, by stem cells. The study of stem cells in dentistry over the years has shown an exponential increase in literature. Adult mesenchymal stem cells have recently been isolated and characterized from tooth-related tissues and they might represent, in the near future, a new gold standard in the regeneration of all oral tissues. The aim of our review is to provide an overview on the topic reporting the current knowledge for each class of dental stem cells and to identify their potential clinical applications as therapeutic tool in various branches of dentistry.

International Healthcare Research Journal, 2017