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2004, Proceedings of the 2004 Winter Simulation Conference, 2004.
The application of the Extensible Mark-up Language (XML) enabled a new level of interoperability for heterogeneous IT systems. However, although XML enables separation of data definition and data content, it doesn't ensure that data exchanged is interpreted correctly by the receiving system. This motivates data management to support unambiguous definition of data elements for information exchange. Using a common reference model improves this process leading to "model based data management (MBDM)." The results can be used immediately to configure mediation layers integrating services into an overall service oriented architecture. For XML based services, the results of MBDM can be immediately applied in form of an auto-generated XSLT definition used to compose the service without additional modifications with other services. The paper uses the Command and Control Information Exchange Data Model (C2IEDM) -as an example for a common reference model for information exchange -and its potential use in the Global Information Grid (GIG) -as the military example for a service oriented architecture -to integrate web-enabled M&S applications as an example for applying this method.
2008
The application of the Extensible Mark-up Language (XML) and Web services enabled a new level of interoperability for heterogeneous IT systems. However, although XML enables separation of data definition and data content, it doesn’t ensure that data exchanged are interpreted correctly by the receiving system. This motivates data management to support unambiguous definition of data elements for information exchange. Using a common reference model improves this process leading to Model-based Data Engineering (MBDE). The results can be used immediately to configure mediation layers integrating services into an overall service oriented architecture. Ultimately, the objective must be to describe the information exchange requirements, contexts, and constraints of web services in metadata allowing intelligent agents to conduct these engineering steps without human support. This chapter describes the current state of the art of MBDE and how it relates to Service Oriented Architectures (SOA) in general and Web Services in particular.
… , an International Journal, 2005
With the need for electronic services to be developed and deployed more and more rapidly, it is imperative that concrete models of electronic services are developed, to facilitate systematic work of electronic service stakeholders, concrete semantics and coherent representations across services developed within an organisation. Using the XML language to develop such a model, offers a number of additional advantages, such as rich semantics, facilitation of data interchange, extensibility, high abstraction levels and possibility for mechanical processing. In this paper we present the design aspects of an XML model for electronic services, which has been used for building a repository of interlinked elements representing e-services. A webbased interface for the management of this repository and a tool for automatically compiling e-service descriptions into executable images have been developed alongside. The model has been evaluated by a mixture of electronic service stakeholders, and the results of this evaluation are also presented.
2010
XML data exchange has become ubiquitous in Business to Business (B2B) collaborations. Automating as much as possible the exchange of XML data between enterprise systems is a key requirement for ensuring agile interoperability and scalability in B2B collaborations. The lack of standardized XML canonical models or schemas in B2B data exchange, as well as semantic differences and inconsistencies between conceptual models of those that want to exchange XML data implies that XML data cannot be directly and fully automatically exchanged between B2B systems. We are left with the option of providing techniques and tools to support humans in reconciling the differences and inconsistencies between the data models of the parties involved in a data exchange. In this paper we introduce such a technique and tool for XML data exchange. Our approach is based on a lifting mechanism of XML schemas and instances to an object-oriented model, and the design and execution of data mediation at the object-oriented level. We use F-logic -an object oriented rule language -together with its Flora2 engine as the underlying mechanism for providing an abstract, object-oriented model of XML schemas and instances, as well as for specification and execution of the mappings at the model level. This provides us with a fully-fledged tool for design-and run-time data mediation, by focusing at the actual semantic models behind the XML schemas, rather than having to deal with the technicalities of XML in the data mediation process. Finally, we present the architecture of the current data exchange system and report on preliminary evaluation of our system.
2005
The Extensible Battle Management Language project has implemented XML based data mediation services to translate from legacy XML schemas into XML schemas, based on a common tag set generated from the Command and Control Information Exchange Data Model (C2IEDM). The C2IEDM was developed by NATO to enable interoperation among operational Command and Control (C2) systems of coalition forces. XBML's ability to exchange simulation information based on C2IEDM enables a major expansion in interoperability, in that C2 systems now can be coupled with modeling and simulation software. The benefit of our specific data mediation approach is that legacy systems are required only to provide information exchange interfaces based on XML, as the adaptation of such systems is done by configuring the layers of the recommended architecture. We present the architecture and operational principles used to achieve interoperation in this way.
2011
This paper describes how to use the Levels of Conceptual Interoperability (LCIM) as the theoretical backbone for developing and implementing an interoperability framework that supports the exchange of XML-based languages used by M&S systems across the web. The principles of Model-based Data Engineering (MBDE) are integrated within the framework to support the interactions between systems across the layers of the LCIM. We present a use case that shows how the framework supports the interoperability of heterogeneous military systems.
… Workshop, 05S-SIW- …, 2005
This paper shows how the ideas of web services and Model-Based Data Management (MBDM) are merged in two "C2IEDM Web Service" families realized by the VMASC team within the Battle Management Language (BML) group. Although being developed within the team for the prototype, the services can be used in other systems and projects easily, as they can be adapted and configured to serve alternative needs.
INCOSE International Symposium, 2001
To interoperate data sources that differ structurally and semantically particular problems occur, for example, problems of changing schema in data sources will affect the integrated schema. In this paper, conflict between heterogeneous systems is investigated and existing approaches to integration are reviewed. We propose XMInt, an XML Mediated Integration model which employs mediation and wrapping techniques as the main components for the integration of databases and legacy systems. With XMInt, a mediator acts as an intermediate medium transforming queries to subqueries, integrating result data and resolving conflicts. Wrappers then transform sub-queries to specific local queries so that each local system is able to understand the queries. This framework is currently being developed to make the integration process more widely accessible by using standard tools. An initial prototype is included to demonstrate the model.
The Journal of Defense …, 2006
Service-oriented architectures promise easier integration of functionality in the form of web services into operational systems than is the case with interface-driven system-oriented approaches. Although the Extensible Markup Language (XML) enables a new level of interoperability among heterogeneous systems, XML alone does not solve all interoperability problems users contend with when integrating services into operational systems. To manage the basic challenges of service interoperation, we developed the Levels of Conceptual Interoperability Model (LCIM) to enable a layered approach and gradual solution improvements. Furthermore, we developed methods of model-based data engineering (MBDE) for semantically consistent service integration as a first step. These methods have been applied in the U.S. in collaboration with industry resulting in proofs of concepts. The results are directly applicable in a net-centric and net-enabled environment.
IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 2010
Enterprise information integration (EII) requires an accurate, precise and complete understanding of the disparate data sources, the needs of the information consumers, and how these map to the business concepts of the enterprise. In practice, such integration takes place in context of any enterprise information system. In the paper we explain various approaches to EII, its architectures as well as its association to enterprise application integration. We justify why XML technology contributes to finding sufficiently powerful support for EII. We present some features of the XML technology, mainly its database part, and show how it is usable in EII.
Technologies for Business Information Systems, 2007
International Journal of Web Science, 2015
The interoperability of heterogeneous information systems via semantic web services keeps a real challenge. We propose a service oriented architecture for developing the interoperability mechanism in the information systems of companies. The core of this architecture is a web services semantic mediation infrastructure using a semantic model and the SAWSDL language for resolving mismatches. In the setting of this paper, we present our global approach then retail the data mediation and the semantic model which is based on the ontologies and the notion of context.
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Model-Driven Engineering and Software Development, 2016
Nowadays, enterprises have been pushed up the rate of industrial transformation to high level products and services. The capability to agilely respond to new market demands became a strategic pillar for enterprises survival. It leads to the necessity of create mechanisms to allow enterprises to combine forces to compete jointly in the market, in order to raise their own added value and to become specialist in niche activities. But to unite forces, enterprises must exchange information/knowledge between them. A semantic problem emerges when the same representation of a thing can have different meanings to different applications and enterprises. It can be a disabler for information exchange and its interpretation. The Semantic Web Service concept emerges as a solution to facilitate Web Services description and consequently discovery tasks, unifying the domain services. Moreover, the data integration between concepts can be achieved trough mappings establishment between Web Services elements. However, a solution that allows to map Web Service elements to semantic concepts represented using OWL is still missing. To face this issue, a model-driven approach supported by a mapping tool is here presented with the aim of facilitate the information exchange trough the establishment of mappings between enterprises services models and the domain reference lexicon.
System Sciences, 2001. Proceedings of the 34th …, 2001
This paper discusses the potential of using XML technologies as mediators for accessing and processing structured, relational data and semi-structured data over the Internet.
2004 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37507)
While the recent technologies for XML (Extensible Markup Language) Web Services are an important step towards the goal of application-toapplication (A2A) and business-to-business (B2B) integration, they do not address all management-related issues. Our Web Service Offerings Language (WSOL) enables formal specification of important management informationclasses of service (modeled as service offerings), various types of constraint (functional, QoS, access rights), and management statements (e.g., prices, penalties, and management responsibilities)-for XML Web Services. To demonstrate the usefulness of WSOL for the management of XML Web Services and their compositions, we have developed a corresponding management infrastructure, the Web Service Offerings Infrastructure (WSOI). WSOI enables monitoring and accounting of WSOL service offerings and their dynamic manipulation. To support monitoring of WSOL service offerings, we have extended the Apache Axis open-source SOAP engine with WSOI-specific modules, data structures, and management ports. To support dynamic manipulation of WSOL service offerings, we have developed appropriate algorithms, protocols, and management port types and built into WSOI modules and data structures for their implementation. Apart from provisioning of WSOL-enabled XML Web Services, we are using WSOI to perform experiments comparing dynamic manipulation of WSOL service offerings and alternatives.
2010 - MILCOM 2010 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010
Today's battlefield requires agility in a matter of minutes, not hours or days, but there is a critical data sharing gap at the tactical edge. Implementation of the DOD Net-Centric Data Strategy through XML-based data standards is essential to fixing this problem and providing an environment where interoperable data is available to the war-fighter wherever and whenever needed. To address these challenges, we are developing a collection of data components that provide semantics understood by all, and rules for composing them as needed into data exchange specifications. This effort is known as the C2 Core. Possibly the first major user of the C2 Core is the Tactical Edge Data Solutions (TEDS) Joint Capability Technology Demonstration (JCTD). The TEDS JCTD was initiated to work with the Services to overcome documented gaps in data sharing, and create a Joint approach to delivering data for use in a leader centric, net enabled future.
IEEE Data(base) Engineering Bulletin - DEBU, 2001
XML is fast becoming the intergalactic data speak alphabet for data and information exchange that hides the heterogeneity among the components of Loosely-coupled, distributed systems and provides the glue that allows the individual components to take part in the loosely integrated system. Since much of this data is currently stored in relational database systems, simplifying the transformation of this data from and to XML in general and from and to the agreed upon exchange schema specifically is an important feature that should improve the productivity of the programmer and the efficiency of this process. This article provides an overview over the features that are needed to provide access via HTTP and XML and presents the approach taken in Microsoft SQL Server.
Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, 2008
As the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) principles have gained importance, an emerging need has appeared for methodologies to locate desired services that provide access to their capability descriptions. These services must typically be assembled into short-term service collections that, together with code execution services, are combined into a meta-application to perform a particular task. To address metadata requirements of these problems, we introduce a hybrid Information Service to manage both stateless and stateful (transient) metadata. We leverage the two widely used web service standards: Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration (UDDI) and Web Services Context (WS-Context) in our design. We describe our approach and experiences when designing "semantics". We report results from a prototype of the system that is applied to mobile environment for optimizing Web Service communications.
International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 2017
The MISE approach (mediation information system engineering) aims at defining and designing a platform, dedicated to initiate and support any collaborative situation among potential partners. Collaborative situations may emerge from manufacturing contexts (industrial production partners), economic contexts (supply chain), social contexts (crisis management partners) and any other contexts in which a set of organisations should work altogether to reach common and individual goals, exploiting each others competencies. The MISE approach is based on a model-driven engineering vision (MDE) dedicated to designing a mediation information system (MIS) in charge of improving interoperability in emerging collaborative situations. This MIS is dedicated to supporting the collaborative behaviour of the collaborative network by dealing with exchanged data, shared services and collaborative workflows. The final objective is a mediator system able to manage the operational collaboration of partners, through there information system, without constraint (at least with as less constraint as possible). The MIS design crosses the different abstraction layers of design (business, logical and technological) and exploits the associated models at each level to build the models of the next level. This paper presents the models involved (dedicated to the computer independent model, platform independent model and platform specific model levels of the MDE approach) and the transition mechanisms between levels.
ACM SIGMOD Record, 1999
The MIX mediator system, MIX m , is developed as part of the MIX Project at the San Diego Supercomputer Center, and the University of California, San Diego. 1 MIX m uses XML as the common model for data exchange. Mediator views are expressed in XMAS ( XML Matching And Structuring Language ), a declarative XML query language. To facilitate user-friendly query formulation and for optimization purposes, MIX m employs XML DTDs as a structural description (in effect, a “schema”) of the exchanged data. The novel features of the system include: Data exchange and integration solely relies on XML, i.e., instance and schema information is represented by XML documents and XML DTDs, respectively. XML queries are denoted in XMAS, which builds upon ideas of languages like XML-QL, MSL, Yat, and UnQL. Additionally, XMAS features powerful grouping and order constructs for generating new integrated XML “objects” from existing ones. The graphical user interface BBQ ( Blended Browsing and Querying ) is...
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