IMPROVED METHOD OF DRYING FISH USING SOLAR DRIER

Journal of Krishi Vigyan, 2020

Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Udalguri, Assam Agricultural University carried out an experiment on modification over traditional solar tent dryer for better drying and lesser the infestation of flies using the fish Puntius sophore during September October, 2019 in Chanbari and Jhargaon village under Bhergaon and Rowta Agricultural Developmental Block of Udalguri District, Assam. The fishes were dried experimentally under modified solar tent dryer and same species of fish were dried traditional solar tent dryer. Organoleptic evaluations showed no physical damage, no discolouration and no insect infestation of fishes under modified solar tent dryer but in case of traditional solar tent dryer insect infestation were observed. The study reveals that the modified solar tent dried fish products are hygienic compared to that of traditional solar tent dryer dried products of same species.

Solar drying is a common method of preserving the fish products. This study was carried out to investigate the influence of solar drying on quality of fish. To this consequence, some biochemical and microbial characteristics (moisture, ash, protein, lipid, TVB-N, PV, TBA, and APC) were determined for fresh and solar dried fish of three species (Mystus gulio, Puntius sophore and Gudusia chapra). Results showed that moisture content varied between 72.55 ± 1.03 to 74.76 ± 1.01 g/100g for fresh fish and between 9.84a ± 0.61 and 13.06a ± 0.65 g/100g for sun dried fish. With regard to protein contents, fresh had lower amount between 16.24% and 18.21% while sun dried fish products had the protein contents between 63.25% and 64.69%. The entire three fresh fish sample showed lower fat contents compared to that of sun dried fish sample. The microbiological quality i.e. aerobic plate count appeared to be of less than its cut off value. Introduction Considerable quantities of dried fish are consumed in developing countries like India. Natural drying by exposure to sun and wind is widespread and is possibly the first method used for preserving seafood. This is still applied to a large extent to preserve fish and squid (Sikorski et al., 1995) [1]. Conventional air drying at relatively higher temperature is detrimental to fish muscle, because, as a result of evaporation, more moisture and salts are diffused to the surface resulting in increase in salt concentration and changes in pH which affect solubility and water binding properties (Zyas, 1997) [2]. Extensive work on biochemical and nutritional changes during heating at higher temperature (100 0 C and above) has been done by many workers and only a few reports are available on biochemical and nutritional changes during drying (Raghunath et al., 1995) [3]

Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Cachar, Assam Agricultural University was carried out an experiment to compare the effect of solar tent drying and open sun drying on the qualities of Puntius spp. during September-October, 2016 in Dakshin Saidpur village under Sonai Agricultural Developmental Block of Cachar District, Assam. Proximate composition of small variety dried fish products Puntius spp. were determined. The fishes were dried experimentally under solar tent dryer and same species of dried product were dried through open sun drying method. The results of proximate analysis showed significant difference (p<0.05) between the two techniques. Organoleptic evaluations showed no physical damage and no discolouration of fishes under solar tent dryer but in case of open sun drying condition dust and insect infestation were observed. The study reveals that solar tent dried fish products are hygienic compared to that of open sun dried products of same species.

Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development (MIJRD), 2022

The University of the Philippines Visaya has developed a Modified Solar Dryer (MSD) facility for improving the quality of dried fish and the technology was extended and transferred to Partido State University. The effectiveness of the dryer was compared to Open Air Dry (OAD), a traditional method of drying. Drying characteristics studies on Split Mullet Fish (Mugil cephalus) brine and different concentrations were conducted using MSD and OAD. The Split fish were dried for 2 days or 16 hours or until the required recommended moisture content of dried fish is reached. The temperature obtained inside and outside the MSD during drying ranges from 31.4 -41.60C and29.7-35.50C respectively. Dryers and brining methods had a significant (p<0.05) on moisture loss and sensory attributes. Brines fish at 10% concentration dried in MSD showed moisture loss (59.23%) It was found that only 12 h of drying is required to bring down to the recommended moisture content of 18-20% for the dried split fish at 10% brine concentration and received highest overall acceptability in the sensory evaluation study.

African Journal of Food Science, 2015

In spite of the high global demand for fish which is a major source of animal protein, nearly 10% (13 million tons) of the world's total fish production is lost through spoilage due to inadequate cold storage and poor marketing/distribution channels. Fish is a highly perishable product that is processed by freezing, canning, salting and drying. About 40% of fish landings in developing countries are preserved through traditional processing methods (smoking, drying and salting) organized at artisanal level. As a result of increased trade and cooperation among neighboring African countries over the past years, processed products from the artisanal sector now form a significant part of the small pelagic fish products traded intra-regionally. Lake Victoria provides about 95% of the total fish landings in Kenya, with Rasrineobola argentea (one of the pelagic species) being the second commercially important fish. It is harvested in very large quantities and is readily available at affordable price and widely used for both domestic and industrial purposes. Open-sun drying is the main preservation method employed by the fish farmers and involves spreading the fish on open ground where it is exposed to contamination, infestation and adverse weather conditions. It is estimated that post harvest losses of between 20 and 50% occur especially during rainy seasons. Although, the landings of R. argentea are higher as compared to other fish species, the value of the catch is often very low due to these huge losses. In an effort to curb these losses, a model of an indirect forced convection solar dryer was developed and tested for thin layer drying of R. argentea fish. The fish, in 10 kg batches were loaded onto the dryer and the moisture content reduced from an initial value of 73% (w. b.) to between 16 and 20% (w. b.) after 11 h of drying at average air flow rate of 0.017 kg/s, where open sun drying took 18 h. The mean efficiencies of collector and drying systems were 9.36 ± 3.95% and 11%, respectively. The drying rate constants of the fish in dryer were found to be: 0.146, 0.206 and 0.148 for the fish in the top, middle and bottom trays, respectively.

International journal of multidisciplinary and current research, 2014

Solar drying experiments of bayad (Bagrus bayad) fish flakes using a natural convective solar drier were conducted at Food Research Centre (FRC), Agricultural Research Corporation, Shambat, Sudan. During June-August, 2008 and MayJune, 2009. Tthe objectives of the present study were to investigate the effect of solar drying using a natural convective solar drier on bacterial load and the percentages (%) of chemical composition of bayad fish flakes. These are percentages of fats, protein, fibers and ach contents .The results showed that, there was a considerable decrease in bacteria present in the dried fish compared to the fresh one from the same fish. this could be attributed to the increase in temperature inside the solar collector of the drier . The total viable count of bacteria decreased from (1.13×10 8 cfu⁄g) in fresh fish to (2.16×10 6 cfu ⁄g) in solar dryed fish. This means that, solar drying of fish affected bacterial load considerably due to the elevated temperature inside ...

2020

Solar drying experiments of bayad (Bagrus bayad) fish flakes using a natural convective solar drier were conducted at

Journal of food engineering, 2007

The drying behavior of prawn and chelwa fish (Indian minor carp) has been studied under open sun drying (OSD). The drying rate curves contained no constant rate period and showed a linear falling rate throughout the drying process. An asymptotic regression precisely represents the open sun drying behavior with the coefficient of determination and mean square of deviation as 0.9996 and 0.33 · 10 À4 for prawn and 0.9993 and 0.58 · 10 À4 for chelwa fish, respectively. Effective moisture diffusivity values were estimated from Fick's equation. The hourly effective moisture diffusivity has an exponential relation with the hourly mean moisture content of fish. The average effective moisture diffusivities were 11.11 · 10 À11 and 8.708 · 10 À11 m 2 s À1 for prawn and chelwa fish drying, respectively.

The Scientific World Journal, 2014

A solar drying was investigated as one of perspective techniques for fish processing in Cambodia. The solar drying was compared to conventional drying in electric oven. Five typical Cambodian fish species were selected for this study. Mean solar drying temperature and drying air relative humidity were 55.6°C and 19.9%, respectively. The overall solar dryer efficiency was 12.37%, which is typical for natural convection solar dryers. An average evaporative capacity of solar dryer was 0.049 kg·h−1. Based on coefficient of determination (R2), chi-square (χ2) test, and root-mean-square error (RMSE), the most suitable models describing natural convection solar drying kinetics were Logarithmic model, Diffusion approximate model, and Two-term model for climbing perch and Nile tilapia, swamp eel and walking catfish and Channa fish, respectively. In case of electric oven drying, the Modified Page 1 model shows the best results for all investigated fish species except Channa fish where the two...

Nature and Science of Sleep

Kainji Solar Tent Dryer (KSTD) was constructed as an improvement of Doe&#39;s tent and the two solar tent dryers were used to dry fish. The fish used for the study was Bagrus bayad of high quality which was divided into two portions and each of the solar tent dryers was used to dry each portion. After drying the indices for comparison were based on the performance of the two dryers, materials used for construction and conditions for fish drying such as temperature, relative humidity as well as the number of occurrences of flies in the tent. Results from each dryer was computed and analysed using one-way analysis of variance followed by the least significant difference (LSD) for comparisons among means. KSTD was better in operation; it recorded the least number of flies that gained access to the dryer, Temperature recorded for both dry and rainy seasons were higher and consequently a lower humidity. Finally for the KSTD, organoleptic study show that the output of fish dried in KSTD w...

‫ﺧﻼﺻـﺔ‬ : ‫اﻟﺴﺎردﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻷﺳﻤﺎك‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺠﻔﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎوئ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ) ‫اﻟﻌﻮﻣﺔ‬ ( ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ، ‫اﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻔﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع‬ ‫ﺛﻼث‬ ‫وﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎردﻳﻦ‬ ‫أﺳﻤﺎك‬ ‫ﻰ‬ . ‫أداء‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻮدة‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺠﻔﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪل‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻴﺎس‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻔﻔﺎت‬ . ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻔﻔﺎت‬ ‫آﺎﻧﺖ‬ : ‫ﺻﻨﺪوق‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺸﻮف‬ ‫رف‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة‬ ‫أرﻓﻒ‬ ‫ذو‬ ‫ﺑﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ‬ ‫وﺑﻴﺖ‬ ، ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻠﻖ‬ . ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻴﺎس‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻮدة‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺖ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫أﻋﺪاد‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺮوآﺴﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺒﻜﺘﻴﺮﻳﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻔﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺨﻤﻴﺮة‬ " L, a, b " ‫ﻟﻠﻮن‬ . ‫ﺗﺒﺎﻳﻦ‬ ‫هﻨﺎك‬ ‫آﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻮدة‬ ‫وﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺠﻔﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮظ‬ . ‫أن‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺪو‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺠﻔﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺪوق‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫أﻋﻼﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺠﻔﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪل‬ ‫آﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أآﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫إﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪدة‬ ‫اﻷرﻓﻒ‬ ‫ذو‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺪﻻت‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﻷﺧﺮى‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻔﻔﺎت‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻔﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺳﻤﺎك‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺠﻮدة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺠﻔﻴﻒ‬ . ‫اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة‬

This paper evaluates the traditional and solar fish drying systems in Nigeria. The results reveal that traditional methods still remain the predominant fish processing and drying methods employed in the country. The paper also discusses the advantages of using direct application of solar thermal energy employing some means of collecting solar radiation with the result that elevated temperatures and, in turn, lower relative humidity is achieved for drying fish in developing countries, like Nigeria. The use of solar dryer is an important step toward improving the traditional fish drying technology. Solar dryers can produce well-dried and dust free products. The contact between fish and flies which is virtually impossible to eliminate under traditional technique of fish smoking could be considerably eliminated if solar dryer are used. Three different types of solar dryers for drying fish were reviewed. Emphasis is based on the product quality and the economics of a suitable choice of design of the dryer, for improved drying of the important local fish species; over the local traditional sun-drying and smoking methods in Nigeria.

Animal Research International (2010) 7(2): 1169 – 1175, 2010

The sun and solar drier were evaluated for their drying effectiveness with three species of freshwater fish; Gymnarchus niloticus, Heterotis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus. The highest mean temperature that could be attained in the solar dryer was 700C at time 14.00 hour while the ambent temperature and insulation were 33.5 i 0C and 857.6 w/m2 respectively. Proximate and organoleptic characteristics of the sun and solar dried products were carried out. It was found out that quality of the fish products dried in the solar drier were superior to those sun-dried. Organoleptic characteristics of the solar dried were better, especially the odour and moisture reduction was more in solar than in sun dried products. It took only three days for the fish to be completely dried in the solar drier compared with sun dried fish products which took seven days to dry.

Fresh sardines obtained from local fishermen at Uzaiba was dried using four different solar dryers and by traditional sun drying method. The internal dryer temperatures and mass of fish samples were monitored during drying operation. In addition ambient air temperature was also measured. Solar drying methods produced a better quality dried sardines compared to that of sun drying due to reduced insect infestation. In solar dryers the losses in dried product quantity due to dog, cats, rats and bird are also reduced significantly.

Nigerian Journal of Technology

The performance evaluation of Mixed-Mode Passive Solar Dryer for drying codfish (Gadusmorhua) was conducted. The dryer is comprised of among other things, materials for sensible heat storage to discharge heat during the off-sunshine period. The drying chamber is integrated with a suction device to aid the convective airflow to avoid reversible reaction during the discharge of accumulated moisture. The solar dryer was evaluated with fresh codfish samples at the initial moisture content of 79% (wet basis). The samples were divided into sets. A set was treated with Moringa Oleifera and the second set with salt solution. The results showed that, for Moringa and salt treatments, the moisture content of the codfish was reduced to 16.03% and 13.33% (wet basis) respectively using the solar dryer while 19.55% and 13.46% respectively under ambient condition in six days. Laboratory tests showed that bacteria and fungi count for Moringa and salt treated codfish under solar dryer were below cons...