An Overview of Rural Electrification in Bangladesh

There is growing concern over the unprecedented increase in demand for electric power to elicit the sort of development in Bangladesh, not just one. But it is also part of the world except the power requirements for industrial development much to be desired also to meet the energy in the current 75% of Bangladeshi people living in rural areas, but only 10. % Access grid this is more than a distraction that revolting people in rural and remote areas, Bangladesh is a major victim. Condition of lack of energy hot justifies the economic and social disparities between urban and rural local level. By analyzing the documents are needed to quickly change current patterns of energy exploitation in Bangladesh to cope with poor access to energy. This paper is an example of renewable energy (RE) distributed generation (DG) and micro grid (MG) for the purpose of rural electrification. It also highlights some of the key issues relating to the implementation of effective DG, which will become effective in design and in rural energy planning process. Finally, some discussion of concepts related to RE generation, distribution and integration of MG to explain. Bangladesh, the country is divided into 7 units (area), 88 ° and 93 ° E., and is located in South Asia, located at 20 degrees and 27 degrees north latitude, is longitude. Khulna region has a total area of 87 319 villages more than 64 coastal districts of 147 570 km from the Bay of Bengal, made of the most populous countries in the world, is 66 400 kilometers away from 140.6 million population of Bangladesh. The Bangladesh Rural Electrification (RE) projects that have been set by presidential decree in October 1977, just 80% of the total population, the rural establishment of the power board (REB) is a quasigovernmental agency. Independent reports of Energy and Mineral Resources to save energy is the responsibility of rural Bangladesh. Since the beginning, the goal of this project is the improvement of standards is seen as a way to create an opportunity to improve the strengthening of economic and social development of agricultural production and rural areas, the use of electricity, is. For living and quality of life of the diverse and dynamic nature of the rural people focus of modern development, demand for energy continues to increase every day in Bangladesh. By publishing this dependence on a single fossil fuel, we will continue to improve rural energy planning and management of the problem is not sustainable in Bangladesh. Progress in the energy sector of Bangladesh does not move as fast as expected. This is due to poor strategic planning, many other factors, including a basic understanding of the role of energy, in general, not only in Bangladesh, not only developing countries, energy born of the turning point of access, and enough that it explains. In response to these basic challenges, the concept of micro-grid (MG) for integrating Distributed Generation (DG) system is fast becoming significan for reliable and sustainable renewable energy (RE) exploitation. In ideal situation, this

Transactions on Environment and Electrical Engineering

This paper represents the overall electrical energy profile and access in Bangladesh. In the recent past, Bangladesh has been experiencing the shortage of electricity, and about 42 % of the population no access to the electricity. The electricity consumption has rapidly increased over last decade. The demand and consumption will intensify in the remote future as overall development and future growth. To set "vision 2021" of Bangladesh; the government of Bangladesh has devoted to ensuring access to affordable and reliable electricity for all by 2021. In the modern time, energy is the vital ingredient for socioeconomic growth in the developing country i.e., alleviating poverty. Along with electricity access in Bangladesh strived to become the middle-income country by 2021. Bangladesh has experienced that energy consumption inclines to increase rapidly when per capita income reaches between US$ 1,000 and US$ 10,000, and a country's growth momentum through reliable energy supply and consistent energy supply ensured by the sustainable energy. As increasing population in Bangladesh, the electric energy generation is an important dispute through the sustainable way.

APCBEE Procedia, 2012

Bangladesh is a small developing country with a huge potential but with limited natural resource. It is facing daunting energy challenges that are merely likely to deteriorate over the next few years. One of the reasons that hinder its progress is limited and unreliable access of electricity to mass people. Increase of availability and accessibility of quality electricity at an affordable price is a key precondition for the socio-economic development of a country. Bangladesh is mainly dependent on mono-fuel for the generation of electricity. We need to create diversity in the use of natural resource for the generation of electricity. Then we can look for a better Bangladesh-a sustainable Bangladesh.

Development plans of Bangladesh has identified rural electrification as one of the major components of overall infrastructure, implementation of which, it is held, can accelerate the pace of economic growth, employment generation, alleviation of poverty and improve living standard. A well planned and organizational rural electrification program was however, not existed till 1970s. The electrification program as carried out by the Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB) was mainly limited to urban centers and at best to their peripheries. At that time, the Government of Bangladesh engaged two consulting firms of USA to carry out a comprehensive feasibility study on rural electrification in Bangladesh. The firms studied all related issues in depth and put forward recommendation towards a sustainable and viable rural electrification program. In addition to the new institutional framework, the study emphasized for Area Coverage and Co-operative concept. It is against this backdrop, Rural Electrification (REB) was created by the Government of Bangladesh (GOB) in late 1970's through REB ordinance LI of 1977. The Board is a statutory Government organization primarily responsible for implementing countrywide rural electrification.

There is a progressive use of electricity everywhere for it is considered as the catalyst for socio-economic development of a country. The figure about per capita energy consumption has become an indicator not only for the comparison of the living standard of the people of a country but also the measurement of the level of economic growth of the country. The per Capita electricity consumption in Nepal at present is about 40 kWh which is far more less than the Asian countries in the region. Therefore, electric distribution system is one of main infrastructure to be developed in rural areas for socio-economic upliftment of the rural people.

2014

Since its inception in 2003, Bangladesh's solar home system program has installed about three million electrification systems in rural households, two-thirds of them in the last three years. The program is the most dynamic off-grid electrification program in the world, benefitting more than 15 million people and contributing about 130 MW in renewable energy generation capacity.

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) of any project is essential for understanding the sustainability of the project. For sustainable development of hill tracts, electricity is inseparable. Like other parts of Bangladesh hill tracts districts felt increasing demand of electricity. In this paper an attempt has been taken to present the existing environmental condition and analysis the future environmental condition after implementation of project. Electrification will extend the length of the active day. Electrification will improve security (people's perception of safety and security) at the region. The elements of the project identified as components for analysis are chosen based on DOE's guideline. The study showed that 87% people say that they feel safer at night since being electrified. Impacts are classified on the basis of EPA's scaling and DOE, university's teachers, NGOs expert's opinions. Value more than 10 is classified significantly affected element of the project. In this paper advantages and disadvantages of the Electrification Project has been presented.

Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institut für Agrar- und Gartenbauwissenschaften eBooks, 2009

L'intégration des approches participative et gender dans un projet du développement rural régional-le cas de l'ODAI,

This paper presents a local level study of a village off-grid system in Bangladesh. It applies an integrated methodology that identifies the demand in the off-grid village context using alternative scenarios. The techno-economic analysis of the optimal off-grid system architecture is then presented using HOMER software. Three energy resources are considered, namely solar energy, wind and diesel fuel. The optimal configuration suggested for the scenarios consists of diesel generators for the basic level of demand and PV-diesel hybrid for higher demand and reliable supply scenarios. The cost of electricity per kWh remains high for the basic level of supply and decreases as the system size increases. However, the capital and asset replacement costs increased considerably for bigger systems. The business case is then analysed for each scenario and it was found that it is practically impossible to reach grid price parity even with full capital cost subsidy, indicating significant amount of operating cost subsidy requirement that makes the larger systems financially unsustainable. Moreover, the small mini-grid system for the basic level of supply emerges as a cheaper option than providing the consumers with solar home systems. But the monthly electricity bill will become unaffordable for most consumers when demand restrictions are removed. Accordingly, the paper suggests a mini-grid based electricity supply to provide the basic level of provision alongside productive energy use during off-peak hours as the starting point. If the business develops and the demand improves, the system can be expanded subsequently using appropriate technology combinations.

Renewable Energy, 2015

a b s t r a c t This paper presents a local level study of a village off-grid system in Bangladesh. It applies an integrated methodology that identifies the demand in the off-grid village context using alternative scenarios. The techno-economic analysis of the optimal off-grid system architecture is then presented using HOMER software. Three energy resources are considered, namely solar energy, wind and diesel fuel. The optimal configuration suggested for the scenarios consists of diesel generators for the basic level of demand and PV-diesel hybrid for higher demand and reliable supply scenarios. The cost of electricity per kWh remains high for the basic level of supply and decreases as the system size increases. However, the capital and asset replacement costs increased considerably for bigger systems. The business case is then analysed for each scenario and it was found that it is practically impossible to reach grid price parity even with full capital cost subsidy, indicating significant amount of operating cost subsidy requirement that makes the larger systems financially unsustainable. Moreover, the small mini-grid system for the basic level of supply emerges as a cheaper option than providing the consumers with solar home systems. But the monthly electricity bill will become unaffordable for most consumers when demand restrictions are removed. Accordingly, the paper suggests a mini-grid based electricity supply to provide the basic level of provision alongside productive energy use during off-peak hours as the starting point. If the business develops and the demand improves, the system can be expanded subsequently using appropriate technology combinations.

International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education, 2018

The rural and remote sector of Bangladesh economy, where 85% of the population lives, is characterized by an abundance of open and disguised unemployment, high Man-land ratio, alarmingly large numbers of landless farmers, extremely inadequate economic and social facilities, low standard of living and a general environment of poverty and deprivation. Larger energy supplies and greater efficiency of energy use are thus necessary to meet the basic needs of a growing population. It will therefore, be necessary to tap all sources of renewable energy and to use these in an efficient converted form for benefit of the people. Primarily this will be done in remote inaccessible un- electrified area in a standalone system where grid expansion is expensive. This energy conversion will reduce pressure on the national power demand. This will not only save excessive grid expansion cost but will also keep environment friendly. Bangladesh is endowed with plentiful supply of renewable sources of ener...

This paper highlights the present scenario and prospects of the power and energy sector in Bangladesh. The purpose of this study is to provide a general overview of power and energy sector in Bangladesh. In Bangladesh the contribution of power sector to GDP was 1.45 percent at constant price in FY 2011-12. The total power produced in the country is not enough to ensure adequate access to electricity. Some of the major findings of this work are fuel consumption analysis for power generation, different sources of alternative energy and distribution system loss in power sector. This study also indicates the demand and supply gap of electricity and urges the necessary implementations which can reduce the gap. Also this paper shows some prospective power generation projects which will facilitate to fill up the ever increasing demand for electricity. These findings have significant implications with respect to energy conservation and socio-economic development.

International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, 2012

Abstract- Bangladesh is a densely populated country located at the South-East corner of Asia. Only 48.5% of people here have access to the grid electricity. This paper provides a comprehensive study of the contemporary renewable energy scenario in Bangladesh in terms of distribution, research and infrastructural development in the country. Renewable energy is the smartest solution of increasing energy crisis caused by using fossil fuels. But sometimes it faces question of reliability which can be overcome by using various renewable power sources which would also be cost effective for developing and under developed countries like Bangladesh. This is the ultimate solution to shorten power crisis instead of depending only on the national grid supply which is mostly run by fossil fuel. Especially in rural areas there is a scarcity of water during harvesting period and our proposed scheme is a great solution to overcome this problem which would led to an economic development of Banglade...

Rural electrification is the process of bringing electrical power to rural and remote areas. Electricity is used not only for lighting and household purposes, but it also allows for mechanization of many farming operations, such as threshing, milking, and hoisting grain for storage. In areas facing labor shortages, this allows for greater productivity at reduced cost. According to IEA (2009) worldwide 1.456 billion people (18.0 per cent of the world's population) do not have access to electricity, of which 83.0 per cent live in rural areas. Currently, some 60.0 per cent of villages in India have been electrified with a further goal of providing complete electrification by 2025. Per capita energy consumption in India is still low 614 kgoe, as more than 50.0 per cent of the population does not have access to electricity (UNDP, Human Development Report 2013). In this context, the Government of India (GoI) launched a several new schemes under rural electrification Programmes such as The Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM), Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY), Pradhan Mantri Gram Vidyut Yojna (PMGVY) to fasten the pace of electrification and diversify the procedure. these programmes have positive and negative effects and they are; adding electric-powered wells for clean water can prevent many water-borne diseases, e.g. dysentery, by reducing or eliminating direct contact between people (hands) and the water supply. Refrigerators increase the length of time that food can be stored, potentially reducing hunger, while evening lighting can lengthen a community's daylight hours allowing more time for productivity. Among the main issues that have to be considered in rural electrification are the potential conflicts with water-land use and their impact on the rural environments. In these context, several macro energy policies along with implementation of wide range of programmes on Renewable Energy Technologies (RETs), have make significant contribution in progress and achievement in rural electrification in india

Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2024

Bangladesh’s economic development is largely dependent on the power sector, which promotes sustainability and growth. The country’s future energy security, however, is seriously threatened by the natural gas reserves running out by 2028. As a result, the current energy mix has to be modified right away to ensure Bangladesh’s sustained economic growth. This research paper offers a thorough analysis of Bangladesh’s power sector’s current state. With a focus on important metrics like installed capacity, electricity generation, and distribution infrastructure, the study seeks to provide insights into the sector’s opportunities, challenges, and strengths. The research highlighting the importance of energy security and forecasting the projected energy demand in Bangladesh. The study also looks at current projects and advancements that have shaped Bangladesh’s power industry. This research also provides an ideal energy option that supports Bangladesh's sustainable growth. This analysis offers significant insights into the dynamics of the power industry in Bangladesh, elucidating it is present trajectory, the challenges it encounters, and the potential avenues for achieving a more sustainable and resilient energy future.