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Order from Noise: Toward a Social Theory of Geographic Information

2006, Annals of The Association of American Geographers

Abstract
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In the Information Age, the definition of information remains vague, particularly within geographic information science (GIScience). Two opposing metaphors dominate the literature: one views information as a transportable entity, while the other sees it as part of a refinement hierarchy. This paper critiques these metaphors and argues for a social theory of geographic information, emphasizing the ethical and social dimensions that impact the use of geographic information technologies. Additionally, it calls for a deeper exploration of information concepts within GIScience to enhance user responsiveness.