ABC of Heart failure

ACTA Medica Transilvanica

The increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases among adults causes interests in the study of pathologies of this functional system. In this context, it is envisaged that cardiovascular diseases, in addition to the clinical aspect, draw attention from a medical standpoint to the involvement of other organs belonging to other apparatus and systems. From this perspective, this study highlights the imagistic and structural aspects of cardiovascular disease and structural aspects of the disease prior to its installation, focusing on the organs involved with cardiovascular diseases. This study refers specifically to the conventional imagistic features that suggest heart failure and its evolution with possible decompensation. In order to extend this study, references to the normal structural aspects were made, regarding the organs and systems involved in the pathology of previously mentioned pathology, with their integrity before the onset of the disease.

International Journal of Cardiology, 2020

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CENTRAL ASIAN JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & APPLIED SCIENCES, 2022

Relevance of the topic. Chronic HF is a disease with a complex of characteristic symptoms (shortness of breath, fatigue and decreased physical activity, edema, etc.) associated with inadequate perfusion of organs and tissues at rest or during exercise and often with fluid retention in the body. Decompensation of CHF often leads to death, which becomes a socio-economic problem for the state. The problem of preventing decompensation and creating the basis for a stable course of CHF is one of the main tasks of the cardiological medical community [4].Although there have been many advances and achievements in medicine in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, the prevalence of CHF is steadily increasing, ranging from 1.5 to 2.0% in the general population, and among people over 65 years of age it reaches 6-17%. Among the causes of disability and mortality of the population, CHF occupies a high level. More than 70% of men and 63% of women with CHF die within 6 years after the first clinical manifestations of the disease. According to some researchers, CHF will become the main problem of cardiology that society will have to face in the next 50 years [1, 7].CHF is a pathophysiological syndrome in which, as a result of one or another disease of the cardiovascular system or under the influence of other etiological causes, there is a violation of the ability of the heart to fill or empty, accompanied by an imbalance of neurohumoral systems (RAAS, sympatho-adrenal system, natriuretic peptide system, kinin -kallikrein system) with the development of vasoconstriction and fluid retention, which leads to further dysfunction of the heart (remodeling) and other target organs (proliferation), as well as to a mismatch between the provision of organs and tissues of the body with blood and oxygen with their metabolic needs.

Background: Heart failure (HF) is one of the most common global public health concerns and a leading cause of death with the steadily increasing prevalence and substantial impact on quality of life. The objective of the article is to analyze various components of HF and discuss its determinants.

European Heart Journal, 1997

Diagnosis of heart failure-the link to management The proper diagnosis of heart failure has several prerequisites. These are the correct recognition of the presence of heart failure, the assessment of the physiological abnormalities, the underlying aetiology, the detection of concomitant diseases which may interfere with its management, and the estimation of the severity. The European Guidelines for the Diagnosis of Heart Failure' 11 concluded with a management outline (Table 1).

Heart Failure Reviews, 2006

With the current epidemic of heart failure (HF), the practicing clinical cardiologist is faced with an overwhelming amount of new information regarding drugs, technologies and emerging concepts aimed at improving the rather dismal outlook traditionally associated with HF patients. The challenge regarding HF patients highlights a vital requirement: that progress achieved by basic researchers must be early and effectively implemented by clinicians in order to translate into results which will be of practical significance for the patient population. In this context, two clinically oriented cardiologists have undertaken to moderate a special issue of Heart Failure Reviews focused on the interaction between basic scientists, clinical researchers, HF experts and general cardiologists. The issue begins with a discussion of the challenge of diagnosis of heart failure in primary care and this is addressed by Candida Fonseca. The author very pertinently points out the "the management of the syndrome in primary care has been hampered by perceived difficulties in diagnosis and in starting and monitoring effective treatment," alluding to the

Italian Journal of Medicine, 2013

The heart failure (HF) is one of the greatest problems of public health with increasing epidemiological importance. In the present study we analyzed a population of 299 patients, consecutively admitted to hospital, whose diagnosis of HF was verified retrospectively. In our analysis we considered underlying heart diseases, comorbidities, ejection fraction, presence of atrial fibrillation and pleural effusion, values of NT pro-BNP and causes of destabilization precipitating HF. The mean age of our population was 81 years. Patients with preserved systolic function were 145 (61% of the total, 59 male and 86 female). 166 patients (69% of the total) had hypertensive heart disease and 211 had hypertension (88% of the total). Patients with pleural effusion were 108 (46% of total). In the total population 102 patients (43%) had from 3 to 5 comorbidities, 169 patients (71%) had at least 2 comorbidities and only 4 patients (1.7%) had no comorbidities. The collected data highlight the complexit...