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Concept maps and expert systems are both in the soft toolbar of knowledge modelling. We have spent nearly two decades developing our expert system shell "Doctus". Several years ago we have seen the first concept mapping solutions and started using them very soon. Frequently we have found ourselves using both tools in a particular research or consultancy project and started to wander how the two could be combined to achieve synergies. We came up with several ideas, typically when we have faced a situation which called for one of the potential synergies. In this paper we present the first of these ideas in elaborated form of a conceptual model and we also mention few additional ideas as our plans for future research. In this first idea we combine different kinds of concept maps and our expert system in order to map organisational knowledge. The expert system here is used in machine learning mode, i.e. the resulting concept map will be capable of learning -this is our intelligent concept map.
Knowledge mapping is one of the most popular techniques used to identify knowledge in organizations. Using knowledge mapping techniques; a large and complex set of knowledge resources can be acquired and navigated more easily. Knowledge mapping has attracted the senior managers' attention as an assessment tool in recent years and is expected to measure deep conceptual understanding and allow experts in organizations to characterize relationships between concepts within a domain visually. Here the very critical issue is how to identify and choose an appropriate knowledge mapping technique. This paper aims to explore the different types of knowledge mapping techniques and give a general idea of their target contexts to have the way for choosing the appropriate map. It attempts to illustrate which techniques are appropriate, why and where they can be applied, and how these mapping techniques can be managed. The paper is based on the comprehensive review of papers on knowledge mapping techniques. In addition, this paper attempts to further clarify the differences among these knowledge mapping techniques and the main purpose for using each. Eventually, it is recommended that experts must understand the purpose for which the map is being developed before proceeding to activities related to any knowledge management dimensions; in order to the appropriate knowledge mapping technique .
This work is a literature review on Concept Mapping. In this work, I discussed the meaning of a concept map and concept mapping. I also briefly x-rayed the history of concept mapping. Drawing from literature, I also discussed the philosophy of concept mapping in this work, how to build one and when to use one. Also in this work, you will find the characteristics of a concept map, its advantages and disadvantages.
2015
Concept maps are useful in many disciplines for the representation and communication of structured knowledge. This article contains a description of concept mapping and knowledge modeling based upon concept maps that are used for a variety of purposes. It describes applications of concept mapping and knowledge modeling for education, for knowledge preservation and sharing, for knowledge creation, as an efficient means of creating documentation, and for the creation of knowledge formalisms from informal knowledge representations. Examples are drawn from several different knowledge domains.
Knowledge intensive processes such as research and development, innovation, new product development, design and product design are often driven and constrained by the mental model of experts. Often, this knowledge is not explicit but tacit. In order for the knowledge sharing to happen, it requires communicating tacit knowledge. CM functions as an externalization tool to facilitate this transformation and support knowledge construction. It has demonstrated best in domain knowledge construction and elicitation process during conceptual design. CM too functions as a storytelling and guide ideation process. In the same way, as Personal Knowledge Management tool, CM encourage individual to externalize their knowledge and contribute to collective intelligence across community of practice.
2014
Major industrial countries gradually developed from industrialised economies to information- and knowledge-based economies, where people became the most valuable asset to companies due to their abilities and valuable tacit knowledge. Unfortunately tacit knowledge is contained in people’s minds, is difficult to access and therefore needs to be captured so it can be shared amongst employees. Concept maps are such a tool that can gather knowledge from individuals and groups, facilitate the knowledge creation process, function as a discussion and communication tool, and assist in the distribution of knowledge and learning processes within an organisation. In order to evaluate the value of concept map technology, to gain detailed information about the company’s current knowledge management system, the technical infrastructure, and to acquire insight about the possibilities and problems of concept maps, a survey was conducted at a banking and insurance company to determine the employees ’...
KPI Science News, 2020
Background. The hypermedia environment, which has received a powerful technical infrastructure thanks to the WWW, has led to the study and emergence of new forms and tools of information and educational content presentation. Various methods and means of visualization of educational information increase clarity and facilitate the process of new knowledge perception. Such tools include a wide range of concept maps that have become widespread in many areas related to information technology and education. The challenge here is to find comprehensive solutions that will reduce computing and labor costs for the multifunctional use of concept maps in information and learning systems. Objective. The work is focused on the review of concept maps, research of preconditions for their origin, analysis of their types and purposes of application in the educational process and learning systems. The main task is to analyze the requirements for interactive concept maps in ontology-oriented information systems to support lifelong learning. Methods. The use of concept maps in educational systems is based on knowledge modeling, graph theory, ontological modeling of educational content and methods of adaptive e-learning systems. The paper reviews and analyzes the application of concept maps and requirements for them within the information and learning systems. Results. Concept maps have significant foundation in cognitive and educational psychology, computational linguistics, knowledge engineering and have widespread application in computer supported learning. Concept maps are used as a means of meaningful learning when constructed by students, used to assess knowledge, as well as a means of navigating information resources. Concept maps in educational systems are used to present knowledge to users and serve as interfaces in the process of exploratory search and review of study areas. Information systems provide enrichment of concept maps by means of interactivity, which allows diversifying and expanding its use. Conclusions. The key requirements for interactive concept maps in information and learning systems are formed, including automation of interactive concept map construction, availability of wide navigation capabilities together with cognitive load control, implementation of interdisciplinary links, media annotation of map elements, complex application of graph interfaces for different parts of the system and adaptation to mobile devices.
2005
For one and the same domain several alternative concept maps may exist, originating from different world views or purposes. Some of these concept maps may be valid, however not all of them. Thus, strategies for empirically and objectively validating concept maps in the respective context are necessary. We outline two methodological approaches for empirically validating concept maps, one for giving evidence of content validity and one for application validity. One procedure is to validate a given concept map with concept maps systematically generated by others. As a second method we suggest to observe the behaviour and the performance in a relevant situational context as a validation criterion. In this scope, a method for predicting persons' problem solving behaviour by using a given concept map is outlined. In general, the purpose and ultimate use of a given concept map has to be taken into consideration for choosing a validation procedure and interpreting its results.
2006
The intent of the article is to provide experience-based, basic, practical observations regarding expert knowledge elicitation with concept maps. This article contains a description of techniques for the interactive, collaborative construction of concept maps by a domain expert and a facilitator (who is typically not a domain expert) and the selection or creation of accompanying resources. After a brief review of relevant literature, this article provides a description of the value of and approaches to advance preparations for concept mapping sessions, strategies and tactics that help sessions to get off to a good start, the process of creating hierarchical organizations of concept maps, making decisions regarding what to capture in concept maps and what to capture by accompanying resources, and the refinement and verification of knowledge models.
2002
creativity, cognition, modelling, collaborative leaming, assessment Concept mapping has been a subject of investigation especially since the introduction of computer based tools, which have simplified the creation and modification of concept maps. In education, concept maps can be used in many different ways: as planning tools, reflection support, creative support, assessment tool, teaching and leaming tools. This professional group will identify and explore the range of applications for concept maps currently undertaken in the countries/systems/institutions of the participants and discuss issues surrounding the effective implementation of such strategies. D. Watson et al. (eds.
2004
Resumo: Concept maps are a graphical representation of a person's (or group of persons') understanding of a domain. As such, it can be considered a knowledge representation scheme. However, the Artificial Intelligence (AI) community frowns on the use of the term “knowledge representation” to refer to concept maps, because they cannot be readily translated to a formal representation for inference or other AI techniques.
2015
Abstract. Information visualization has been a research topic for many years, leading to a mature field where guidelines and practices are well established. Knowledge visualization, in contrast, is a relatively new area of research that has received more attention recently due to the interest from the business com-munity in Knowledge Management. In this paper we present the CmapTools software as an example of how concept maps, a knowledge visualization tool, can be combined with recent technology to provide integration between knowl-edge and information visualizations. We show how concept map-based knowl-edge models can be used to organize repositories of information in a way that makes them easily browsable, and how concept maps can improve searching algorithms for the Web. We also report on how information can be used to complement knowledge models and, based on the searching algorithms, im-prove the process of constructing concept maps. 1 Introduction: Information and Knowledge V...
Applied Concept Mapping, 2011
2002
We have developed a JAVA prototype of a templatebased Concept Mapping Tool, the CM-ED tool, that supports the above mentioned applications. In this paper we will show how CM-ED can be used within an Intelligent Tutoring System authoring tool, the IRIS authoring tool, to represent the domain knowledge. In this paper, the authors show the benefits of using a concept mapping tool for gathering the domain knowledge in the computer-aided learning area. Concretely, we show how CM-ED is used integrated in the IRIS Intelligent Tutoring System authoring tool. First, the paper describes the structure of the domain knowledge in IRIS. Then, the main characteristics of CM-ED are listed. Finally, the new concept map based interface for domain acquisition in IRIS is presented.
Proc. of the Sixteenth FLAIRS, 2003
Successful knowledge management may depend not only on knowledge capture, but on knowledge construction-on formulating new and useful knowledge that was not previously available. Electronic concept mapping tools are a promising method for supporting knowledge capture and construction, but users may find it difficult to determine the right knowledge to include. Consequently, knowledge-based methods for suggesting relevant information are desirable for supporting the knowledge modeling process. We are developing methods to aid concept mapping by suggesting relevant information to compare, contrast, and possibly include in knowledge models represented as concept maps. This paper presents two specific methods we are developing for this task, both of which automatically identify topics related to a concept map in order to guide the retrieval of related information. The first, DISCERNER, automatically organizes concept map libraries into a hierarchical structure of topic categories and subcategories that are used as indices for efficient access to relevant stored concept maps. The second, EXTENDER, characterizes the topics of concept maps under construction, applies clustering techniques to the resulting information, and performs incremental web-mining for new but related, topics. It suggests these topics as potential areas for extending the existing concept map or to include in new maps to increase current knowledge coverage.
cmc.ihmc.us
There are different versions of concept mapping. The purpose of this paper is to compare some of them and to explicate the main differences. Proper concept mapping methods include all methods of knowledge graphic presentation that are clearly based on the seminal writings of Novak and his research group from 1981 to 2002. Some writers may use the term concept mapping, although one of the most basic requirements is not fulfilled: No meaningful propositions are produced out of linked concepts. Sometimes no links at all are present, only concepts spread in a conceptual space. In "the Novakian Standard Concept Mapping Format" there are some unnecessarily complex rules. Critical reflection on alternative ideas about concept mapping may suggest alternative and better ideas in the future.
Proceedings of the Fourteenth …, 2001
Knowledge management depends on effective methods for capturing knowledge in useful forms and making it available when needed. Electronic concept maps provide a promising representation for knowledge models that can be developed directly by the experts themselves, but the flexibility of concept mapping raises questions of how to support the knowledge modeling process and to standardize its results, in order to facilitate future examination and reuse. We describe ongoing research on the use of case-based reasoning methods to support the knowledge modeling process through proactive retrieval of relevant prior concept maps, in order to provide suggestions to aid the concept map generation process. The selection of relevant concept maps relies on an algorithm that combines textual and topological analysis. We describe the algorithm and present an example that illustrates concept suggestion procedures in the Mars exploration domain.
2014
This conference reflects the maturity of the concept mapping community from around the world, which for the third time gets together to share research and experiences. We are confident the community will continue to consolidate and work together, and hope that we take advantage of this meeting to get stronger as a group, taking concept mapping to users all around the world and to all domains of knowledge. This year we have a strong program that covers a variety of topics and we welcome participants from countries that had not participated in previous conferences. The Program Committee had a tough time selecting the papers that would be presented orally and as posters from a large number of high quality submissions. We thank the members of the Committee for their effort and hard work. And of course, the conference would not take place if it were not for all the authors that are willing to share their work with the concept mapping community. The high quality of papers is complemented by outstanding invited speakers: Joseph D. Novak, Ian Kinchin and Otto Silesky. Panels that we expect will generate a lot of discussion among the participants complete the Program. Organizing a Conference that moves between two countries and across the Gulf of Finland takes an outstanding Local Organization Committee and we were fortunate to count with such a group. The Universities of Tallinn and Helsinki have also gone out of their way to make sure the Conference is a success. Finally, we thank the sponsors whose support was crucial in making the Conference a reality.
AJ Cañas, JD Novak, …, 2004
This paper describes a community of practice on concept mapping that has been established in Turin, Italy by DSCHOLA. The main purpose of the community is to differentiate the various forms of knowledge representation from each other and to recover the general function of the knowledge representation connected with the learning environment. As a starting point, the community defined and shared a set of founding documents, which includes the Manifesto and the Documentation template. The community aims at structuring and organizing selective criteria in order to produce and make available documentations dealing with good practices on concept mapping.
Journal of Entrepreneurship,Management and Innovation, 2017
The purpose of this article is to present a mental model of knowledge as a concept map as an input to knowledge management (KM) investigations. This article's extended knowledge concept map can serve as a resource where the investigation, development, or application of knowledge would be served with a broad mental model of knowledge. Previously unrelated concepts are related; knowledge concepts can sometimes be expressed as a range, i.e., certainty related states: view, opinion, sentiment, persuasion, belief, and conviction. Extrathesis is identified as a potential skill level higher than synthesis, and associated with the concepts: discovery, institution, insight (the event), revelation, or illumination that precedes innovation. Qualitative methods were used to gather and document concepts. System engineering and object analysis methods were applied to define and relate concepts. However, the theoretical sampling and theoretical saturation methods applied do not guarantee all a...
1987
: How does a decision support system (DSS) designer identify the kernel(s) or key decision elements of a problem, from the user's perspective, and develop a design for a DSS from them? The problem arises because DSS adaptive design says start small and grow, but there are no suggestions on where to start. This thesis addresses the primary challenge by developing the tool, concept mapping, as a means to identify kernels in a decision process. This is a descriptive process that defines the problem space, describes the decision process, and identifies the key steps of the decision process as potential kernels. Beyond this initial challenge is the challenge of integrating concept mapping into the adaptive design process. This thesis effort will take the technique of concept mapping and use it to extract the information about a problem from the decision maker himself. The result of this extraction should be a well defined problem space, a sufficiently described decision process and a...
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