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The arrival of new media and of the Internet in particular, has completely transformed the classical interactions between politicians, voters and the media. For politicians, creating the appropriate networks meant to keep on exercising an influence over the debates is now vital: the applications of Web 2.0 are, for this purpose, a new opportunity. Facebook, Twitter, social networks allow politics to be also done on the Internet. A new essential type of media after the European referendum of 2005 has shown to what extent it should henceforth count on this new democratic space. A space of anonymity and free speech is born, which disrupts the habits of elected officials and often undermines elaborate communication strategies. And, of course, this is on the verge of attracting the hostility of some political figures and communicants. The goal of this paper is to examine the connection between Romanian politics and the use of social media, and give suggestions on how the use of social media in political marketing could be further advanced.
The phenomenon of social media has drawn the attention of the specialists from the political marketing because it contributes quickly and efficiently to the increase of the political product’s visibility and appeals to its supporters for content creation and viral promotion of the political messages. In addition, the candidate can communicate directly with the citizens and may involve them in creating virtual communities. In our study we briefly present the way in which social media was used, timidly at first, during the campaign for the 2008 parliamentary elections, for the 2009 presidential elections and for the 2012 local and parliamentary elections. The importance of social media increased during the 2012 Romanian presidential impeachment referendum and contributed decisively to rallying voters to go to the polls and, implicitly, to the Klaus Iohannis’s victory in the 2014 presidential elections. We have focused especially on Facebook, as social network, because it has managed t...
Global Media Journal – Pakistan Edition (Vol VI, Issue I, Spring 2013), Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Pakisan, ISSN – 2070-2469
The study aims to examine the extent to which parliamentary parties from Romania are using Social Media to promote their image and political messages, but also the level of participation of supporters in social networks. Another objective of this paper aims to identify similarities between the hypothetical percentages of supporters of political parties in Social Media, electoral percentages of accessing the Romanian Parliament and the current political configuration of the Romanian Parliament. The research is focused on comparative analysis of the "de facto" representation of the parliamentary parties in the Romanian community and the degree of representation in social networks. Through this study we have tried to show that there are similarities between the degree of support for parties in the real world, relative to the virtual environment.
Facebook was first used by the political candidates in a presidential campaign in Romania in 2009. Social media and web 2.0 changed the way people were interacting, so the politicians had to adapt their communication to these social changes. Politicians reacted mechanically to the fact that in the past years more and more Romanians started to use social media. The aim of the article is to explain how the Romanian politicians acted in response to what happened in the online communication: did the left wing or the right wing candidates use social media to convey electoral messages? Did the left wing or the right wing radicals communicate using social media? To analyze the political speech, the content analysis method was applied on the posts in the electoral campaign on the personal blogs and on the official Facebook accounts of the candidates. This study answers the question on whether the Romanian left wing or right wing adapted its communication faster to the online environment during 2009 presidential campaign.
Developing a real network-society, the political communication through Social Media is no longer performing unidirectional, the political actors and the journalists do not have the same influence on the masses, as they had in the classic systems of political communication and the online opinion leaders have become key-factors in all this equation. In this sense, the main purpose of online campaign staff is to empower fans to interact with the posts of the candidate. Thus, any kind of feedback - like, comment or share – decentralizes the political message in social groups of fans, where he has a greater influence than the political actor. Once the message is discussed in social groups, strong ties (friends) of the fans are persuaded to become, in their turn, fans of the political actor and the conversion rate increase and this process will continue as long as interaction rate is high. In this paper, we aim to analyse the communication process through Facebook in the electoral campaign for the 2014 Romanian Presidential Elections and to compare the level of support for candidates on Facebook and for the real vote.
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2013
While the social media optimists believe online political communication implies a bigger participation of the audience, this study shows that politicians are preoccupied with their political image and less concerned of building a dialogue with their voters. Our hypothesis is that politicians use online communication to build a certain image and they use social media less for developin g a relationship with their target audience. The content analysis method was applied on the Facebook accounts and on blogs belonging to the leaders of the Romanian parliamentary parties at two different moments
2014
This paper, mainly accepting that web 2.0 has a contribution to the development of citizenship culture, examines the uses of Facebook by Turkish political parties and their leaders during the 2011 Turkish General Elections. By examining the relationship through the discursive practices of social media interface, this study reveals the possible converting effects of those practices of political parties by the usage of social media in the process of political communication. During the study, 9 Facebook accounts have been recorded for 3 months and analyzed by means of the quantitative and qualitative content analysis technique. Qualities of the accounts, such as customizations, information shared on the accounts, and the numbers of posts, have been examined for each account; topics, themes, styles, linguistic practices etc. have been examined for each post. Hence, this paper focuses on the opportunities offered by web 2.0 that have been used for election campaigning in Turkey, the mutual and interactive communication between the party and/or the candidate and the voters forming during the campaigning period, and the qualities of the online communications between the candidate and his/her competitors throughout the analysis of Facebook usage by both the party and the leaders.
Technium Social Sciences Journal
In an era of communication, technology and dependence on online social networks, Social Media are communication tools that public administrations and especially political actors must learn to use efficiently. Our objective are: (1) analysis of key performance indicators (KPIs) that facilitate the communication on Facebook of the PSD candidate, Viorca Dăncila, Coparativ with the PNL candidate, Klaus Werner Iohannis, during the presidential election campaign, (2) identify and analyze messages that generate high commitment rate from the utiizers, (3) analyzing the dominant emotions generated by the online audience.
In recent years social networking websites, and especially Facebook, have attracted millions of new users. For that reason, politicians seek to use this interactive space more and more intensively for their goals, most often during the period of election campaigns. This article analyzes the processes of political communication via social networking sites, and discusses the benefits and some negative aspects of these communicational activities. As well, the article presents the analysis of the use of social networking websites during the presidential campaign of 2009 in the Republic of Lithuania. It also presents the results of the municipal councils election campaign of 2011, which reveal various aspects of the use of social networking websites by the candidates. Finally, the article presents the results of the logistic regression model, which allows forecasting the use of social networking websites by politicians during elections.
2015
The aim of this research is to analyze how political parties use social networks for the political marketing of their respective parties. This phenomenon has been practiced specifically in United Stated of America for many years since 2008 when Barack Obama, the President Candidate of Democratic Party started using widely social media platforms. On the other hand, this phenomenon is new in Albania. This research paper will be focused mainly on the political marketing campaign on social media platforms of Albania Socialist Party of Albania in 2013. 2013 Campaign was a total success and Socialist Party came to power after eight years through a big victory. Case of RILINDJE.net revealed the power of social networks and their importance in communicating with audiences. This research is based on the case abovementioned and the methodology in conducting is based on analyzing this case and the data obtained from it. Afterward, based on analysis extracted from the collected data authors provide suggestions for further studies regarding this topic.
SWS Journal of SOCIAL SCIENCES AND ART
In the context of the processes of professionalization and modernization of political communication and mediatization of politics, the aim of the article is to show how to use social media in strategies for communicating of party leaders on the Polish political scene. The research questions concerned attempts of the politicians to use social media to implement communication marketing strategies, in particular in the aspect of engaging and mobilizing Internet users not only in the periods of electoral campaigns, but also in the long-term perspective. The messages disseminated by politicians in social media (mainly on Facebook and Twitter) were analysed primarily from the point of view of their effectiveness (measured by the popularity of entries and their media visibility). It was important to pay attention to the ways of presenting and creating the political reality by politicians through the media. The empirical research covered the years 2015-2017 and were of the longitudinal natu...
Annales UMCS, Politologia, 2015
The civic and political participation is considered to be central to the concept of democracy and it is particularly relevant in the context of contemporary democracies. The participation of citizens in civic or political activities has been a constitutive element of democracy since ancient times. Any dis-cussion of participation needs to acknowledge the space within which the citizens engage. This article will focus on the online engagement and online civic and political participation. The existing studies in literature focus on the analysis of the online election campaigns [Klotz 2005; Xenos, Foot 2005], on the study of the characteristics of the individuals who engage in on-line and off-line activities [Rice, Katz 2004; Weber 2003] or on the identification of the role of the media as a main information source for the voters [Ramie 2005]. This article aims to analyze the main features of the use of new media in political life and the relation between new media and civil society in...
Central European journal of communication, 2020
Politicians and political campaigns are not inadvertent to the development of social media platforms as environments that allow access to a larger audience. Not relying solely on the traditional media as a mouthpiece for their messages and taking matters into their own hands off ers new segues for analyzing political communication. However, not all elections are of equal interest, both for the electorate and for the candidates, as second-order election theory suggests (Reif & Schmitt, 1980; Hix & Marsh, 2004). Th is paper investigates the area situated at the intersection of these two research directions. Th is quantitative study aims to analyze how Romanian political parties and candidates used Facebook in the electoral campaign for the European Parliament, in May 2019. Th e study follows the correlation between Facebook metrics, like frequency of posts and the popularity of the pages, and the political agendas refl ected in each party’s Facebook posts. Th e conclusions are consist...
Central and Eastern European eDem and eGov Days, 2020
Social media, as interactive technologies, have given people unprecedented possibility to access information about elections and electoral contestants, to publicly express their opinions, interact with candidates, and get actively involved in electoral campaigns. This disruptive set of tools that allows and encourages individuals to engage in all stages of the political process, has become a powerful mechanism for political campaigns, in building and enhancing communication strategies. The use of social media in politics dramatically changed the way campaigns are run. Social media provide useful platforms for electoral contestants, inclusively for those with limited resources, to present their agenda and mobilise a larger support base for their causes, at substantially lower costs. They offer the possibility for creation of shareable content that candidates and supporters can use to increase awareness, engage the targeted groups, and appeal for votes. However, the changes in the pro...
„Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne” , 2015
Marketing activity in the field of social media has seemed to be more professional for few years. This communication channel (web 2.0) is established and frequently used on the market of products and services. Social media services are also in progress. They are focused of big data, sale support or profiling offers at an angle of brand fan`s behavior in social media. Collaterally, similar activities in the field of politics appear. The objective of this article is answering the question: what is the attitude of the Internet users to promotion activities like this? It seems to be important from the effective and specific point of view in political communication of social media. Thus, we conducted research described in this text that is going to verify if social media services are the source of knowledge about politics in Poland. What is more, we wanted to check in which way the Internet users find information about politics and what is their level of engagementàround`politiciansònline activity.
Tripodos, 2014
From year to year, from country to country, political marketing seems to take a greater and greater part in political communication, implying astronger and stronger professionalization of modern political communication which politicians need to master. But the surge of digital media, able to reach so many so quickly, and to allow down to top communication (the form), and increase the depoliticization and personalization of politics (the content) are working closely to change the politic all and scape which even questions the basis of the democratic process. Through digital media are quite helpful for political campaigns, politicians should also realize that they now constitute a permanent menace, through their capacity to become uncontrollable rumor mills. Any rere any, pais a pais, el marqueting politic sembla abastar una part cada vegada mes important de la comunicacio politica, de la qual cosa es deriva una creixent professionalitzacio de la comunicacio politica moderna que els p...
Transylvanian review of administrative sciences, 2023
The present study is one of the few studies that examine the social media communication of the Romanian governmental institutions from a systematic perspective accounting for three categories of messages that enhance the goals of open governance, transparency, participation, and collaboration. Our research contributes to developing the research methodology in the field, given the methodological tool we used based on previous literature on social media communication of public institutions with relevant elements added from political communication. The research focuses on the official Facebook pages of the following Romanian governmental institutions: the Romanian Government, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of National Defense, the Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure, the Ministry of Education, and the Ministry of Health. Moreover, based on content analysis of N = 2,484 Facebook posts, we examined how different social media content generates differences in citizen engagement. Findings showed that the Romanian governmental institutions we analyzed frequently used Facebook posts. However, we observed significant differences between the institutions regarding message types. Our results align with previous research conducted in other Western countries showing that public institutions mostly used social media for impression management and transparent communication and less for participation and collaboration.
This article aims to explore the interrelations between social media technology and users in order to assess whether and how actors drive innovation. I am interested in understanding how social media technology configures users, how users reconfigure technologies to meet their needs and what users do with social media technology. The mainstream perspective on politicians who use social media has been based on the premise that social media technology is, by nature, an innovative tool and that politicians are not using it to its full potential. However I argue that technology is not innovative by nature and further that emerging practices are actually accompanying the use of social media by political actors but that those practices are related to the collaborative production of speech and rearrangement of editorial rules in political communication. Thus the bulk of the paper is devoted to showing that, through the use of social media technology, media and political communication are converging. The article builds upon examples from the use of social media technology by Members of the European Parliament (MEPs). I provide empirical insights into how Members of the European Parliament and their staff adapt to social media technology while using it in a creative way and how uses contribute to changes in the technology itself. This article is empirically grounded and aims at providing examples to highlight the role of actors in defining and developing innovation in the field of media technology. The argument of the paper is that innovation in media technology takes place at the level of practices. Yet new and old practices are The Journal of Media Innovations 1.2 (2014) 98
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