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This paper investigates the potential emergence of a new Cold War, focusing on the evolving geopolitical dynamics post-Cold War, particularly influenced by Russia's resurgence under Vladimir Putin. It highlights how factors such as energy politics, NATO's expansion, and Russia's strategic responses to Western influences are critical in understanding contemporary international relations. The analysis includes historical context, strategic implications, and the role of energy resources in redefining Russia's foreign policy.
Russia, Eurasia and the New Geopolitics of Energy, 2015
2009
This book examines Russia's new assertiveness and the role of energy as a key factor in shaping the country's behavior in international relations, and in building political and economic power domestically, since the 1990s. Energy transformed Russia's fortunes after its decline during the 1990s. The wealth generated from energy exports sparked economic recovery and political stabilization, and has significantly contributed to Russia's assertiveness as a great power. Energy has been a key factor in shaping Russia's foreign relations in both the Eurasian and global context. This development raises a host of questions for both Russia and the West about the stability of the Russian economy, how Russia will use the power it gains from its energy wealth, and how the West should react to Russia's new-found political weight. Given that energy is likely to remain at the top of the global political agenda for some time to come, and Russia's role as a key energy supplier to Europe is unlikely to diminish soon, this book sheds light on one of the key security concerns of the 21st century: where is Russia headed and how does energy affect the changing dynamics of Russia's relations with Europe, the US and the Asia-Pacific region. This book will be of interest to students of Russian politics, energy security, international relations and foreign policy in general.
Pakistan Horizon, 2022
Russia has re-emerged as an important global actor after the demise of the Soviet Union with a transformed foreign policy under the leadership of Vladimir Putin who does not believe in restricting Russia to a sphere of privileged interests in its immediate periphery and is refusing to accept the post-Cold War security order in Europe. Russian foreign policy has been building up to its present expansive stage for over two decades as a continuity of its history, geopolitical position and trends of the Soviet era which have withstood the test of time. The US and the West's refusal to accept Russia as a competitor in global affairs has turned into a systematic challenge to the primacy that the US and EU have enjoyed since the end of the Cold War. Russia, despite the prevalent economic challenges will continue to position itself as an independent centre of power on the world stage towards the development of a multipolar world, possibly even in the post-Putin era. This paper focuses on Russian history, foreign policy, leadership and its perceived uneasy relations with the West in the above-mentioned perspective and was written before the Ukraine war.
2020
This volume seeks to explore Russia’s perceptions of the changing international system in the twenty-first century and evaluate the determinants of Russian motives, roles and strategies towards a number of contemporary regional and global issues. The chapters of the volume discuss various aspects of Russian foreign policy with regard to key actors like the U.S., EU and China; international organizations such as the BRICS, Shanghai Cooperation Organization, Eurasian Economic Union and Collective Security Treaty Organization; and a number of regional conflicts including Ukraine and Syria. The contributors seek to understand how the discourses of “anti-Westernism” and “post-Westernism” are employed in the redefinition of Russia’s relations with the other actors of the international system and how Russia perceives the concept of “regional hegemony,” particularly in the former Soviet space and the Middle East.
Responding to a Resurgent Russia: Russian Policy and Responses from the European Union and the United States, 2011
Washington Quarterly, 2007
Given the deterioration of relations with the West, Russia is looking for alternative markets for its energy exports, as well as the possible development of an alternative governance system for international trade meant to compete with current international regimes that are dominated by the West.
Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 2010
The paper seeks to evaluate the scope and limits of the Russian state’s capacity to use oil and natural gas as strategic resources to revive Russia’s fortunes as a credible global power. It offers an analysis of the evolution of state-markets interactions in the energy sector from the late Gorbachev era to the present day. The paper briefly documents how Russian foreign policy became more assertive using energy as a strategic resource, particularly in crafting its relations with the European Union. Subsequently, the paper analyzes Russia’s limits of using energy as leverage in securing foreign policy objectives. Finally, it points to the impediments to normalizing a Russo-EU energy dialog.
The article comparatively investigates the foreign energy policy of Russia in terms of its strengthening diplomatic position on mutual energy dependence with the EU between years of 2000-2010. The research, hereby, emphasizes the key factors of changing foreign policy perceptions of the Russian Federation in explaining its energy based political tools in 31 energy clashes with 20 countries in the European energy diplomacy between those ten years. To widen scope of the research, the author also focuses on two interrelated policy scopes so as to support the main topic thesis. The first research question focuses on the reasons most often explain the changing, solidifying and constraining factors on Russia’s foreign energy policy toward the EU as reflection of its current statecraft policy. The question refers about how Russia has used its energy card as a political weapon in its foreign relations with the Union. The research starts from the hypothesis that refers to Russia, as a rising super energy power in international relations, has become the most influential and collimating political actor in European energy security through its geo-strategic and geo-politic progresses in its near-abroad thank to the leadership of Vladimir Putin. In order to address the theoretical framework of the research, some core elements of the Neo-Realist theory of Kenneth Waltz will be adapted and reflected into the case such as geo-politic and geo-strategic dimension of the Russian foreign energy policy, the interdependence dilemma of Russia’s energy demand security, Russia’s wider power seeking objectives in its near-abroad and Europe, and Russia’s efforts to re-become a polar in IR.
isara solutions, 2022
Since 1991, the relationship between the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Russian Federation has been the substantial barometer of Russia’s relations with west.. During the Cold War, the Alliance served primarily to deal with the ‘German question’ and to ward off the ‘Soviet threat.’ Following German reunification and the disappearance of the Soviet bloc, NATO lost a priori its justification.
Russia and Its Near Neighbours, 2012
In the contemporary era, one of the US government strategies is to prevent Russia could rise to the status of major global or even regional power. In practice, the US government wants to avoid facing the future of a reinvigorated Russia. On Russia, it is important to note that its strategic objectives are: 1) to defend itself from the threat to their territory represented by the United States and with NATO forces; and, 2) achieving world power status lost with the collapse of the Soviet Union. To defend against the threat to their territory represented by the United States and the NATO forces, the military strategy of Russia provides for the resetting of the Army and Navy with the use of conventional and nuclear weapons in response to an attack on the country. The worsening economic situation resulting from Russia's price drop of oil and the economic strangulation resulting of sanctions imposed by the US and European Union may radicalize the conflict with the United States making the Russian government decides on preventive military intervention in Ukraine that could further strengthen the power of Vladimir Putin in charge of Russia mobilizing the nation against foreign enemies. By contrast, the United States and NATO forces should act extending the siege of Russia starting a new Cold War.
In: Russian Energy Power and Foreign Relations: Implications for Conflict and Cooperation, ed. Jeronim Perovic et al. (London and New York 2009), 1-20., 2009
International Social Science Journal, 2005
This piece of work examines how Russia uses energy as a political weapon in its foreign policy with its neighbouring countries and its implications for the whole region of Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Russia uses energy as a tool in foreign policy in both terms: to reward its friends and punish its enemies. Further, it will put thorough light on major incidents of the European as well as Caspian states that suffered repercussions of this policy. Undoubtedly, Russia is one of the world's energy superpower, which possesses abundant natural gas reserves, second largest coal reserves and eighth largest crude oil reserves. Therefore, Putin's ambition is to transform Russia into a global energy superpower. Russian oil and gas resources have prominent role in the global energy market, especially in the Europe and Eurasia. Energy is a strategic resource for Russia and it had been quite instrumental to increase its influence in Europe, Central Asia, and the Caspian Sea region.
In: Energy and the Transformation of International Relations: Toward a New Producer-Consumer Framework, ed. Andreas Wenger, Robert Orttung, and Jeronim Perovic (Oxford 2009), 117-157., 2009
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