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2002, News & Notices, Volume 2, No. 5
This issue of News & Notices focuses primarily on ways in which the PSD Strategy would accelerate the private (and NGO) provision of basic services (e.g., health, education, water) on a commercial basis — that is, with cost-covering user fees. To shift service provision from the public sector to the private sector, the Strategy calls upon borrowing governments to delegate basic service provision to private firms (and NGOs) under contracts that tie provision of financial support to the outputs or services delivered. Early drafts of the PSD Strategy recommended that the majority of assistance to low-income countries should be provided through output-based aid (OBA) schemes. The final decision – that OBA schemes should be piloted – is somewhat disingenuous since a big part of the Bank’s PSD portfolio is already in the form of OBA.
2004
Output-based aid (OBA) projects delegate service delivery to ―third parties‖ under contracts that tie provision of financial support to the outputs or services actually delivered. OBA is not a new invention. The World Bank Group‘s Private Sector Development (PSD) Strategy2 states that OBA projects ―are simply variants on concession type arrangements or regulated utilities with the special twist that public funds are used to finance all or part of the payments when agreed results are achieved.‖3 Although this paper addresses OBA for utility services, donors and creditors, such as the World Bank Group, are increasingly turning to OBA to finance private delivery of a broad range of services, including health, education and transportation. In some cases, performance contracts include provisions for delivering below-cost services to poor people, in exchange for payments from government and/or donors.
2009
Canadian Journal of Development Studies / Revue canadienne d'études du développement
This article scrutinises the first four months of the World Bank Group's Covid-19 response and reveals a persistent prioritisation of private over public interests. The Group's private sector arm, the International Finance Corporation, and its financial sector clients, have prevailed in terms of emergency resource allocations. And, while support from the Group's public sector arms has been portrayed as aiming to strengthen public systems, recipient countries have been urged not to forego structural reforms in support of the private sector. This includes an enhanced focus on public-private partnerships to deliver ostensibly public services. The institution has seized the current crisis as an opportunity to intensify its "Maximising Finance for Development" approach. RÉSUMÉ Cet article examine les quatre premiers mois de la réponse du Groupe de la Banque Mondiale à la pandémie de COVID-19 et révèle la constante priorité que celui-ci a accordée aux intérêts publics. La filiale privée du Groupe, la Société Financière Internationale, ainsi que ses clients dans le secteur financier, ont pris le dessus dans l'allocation de ressources d'urgence. Et, tandis que le soutien apporté par les branche du secteur public du Groupe a été décrit comme ayant pour but de renforcer les systèmes publics, les pays receveurs ont été exhortés à ne pas abandonner leurs réformes structurelles en faveur du secteur privé. Cela inclut une attention particulière portée sur les partenariats public-privé qui visent à offrir des services ostensiblement publics. La crise en cours a de ce fait présenté à cette institution l'opportunité d'intensifier son approche visant à «Maximiser les financements pour le développement».
Policy Research Working Papers, 2008
IIIS Discussion Paper 437
The definition of Official Development Assistance (ODA) has for 40 years been the global standard for measuring donor efforts in supporting development co-operation objectives. It has provided the yardstick for documenting the volume and the terms of the concessional resources provided, assessing donor performance against their aid pledges and enabling partner countries, civil society and others to hold donors to account. Yet for all its value, the ODA definition has always reflected a compromise between political expediency and statistical reality. As such it is based on interpretation and consensus and therefore allows for flexibility. It has evolved over the decades, while preserving the original concepts of a definition based on principal developmental motivation, official character and a degree of concessionality. While agreement on a consensus definition was a major achievement, discussion of the appropriateness of this measure has never ended, with a growing debate about whether ODA covers either too many activities or too few. We agree that the ODA concept has limitations. But the essence of it deserves to be retained, albeit in an amended state. To address prevailing concerns and to inform the debate, we propose an alternative measure of Official Development Effort (ODE). Furthermore, given that aid will continue to be an important part of development finance for some time to come, we argue that ODE could be useful in framing the post-2015 development agenda.
World Bank Policy Research …, 2007
Abstract: Achieving the Millennium Development Goals by 2015 in many developing countries will require significant scaling-up of expenditures on social service delivery and an increase in foreign assistance. It will also require careful planning of public spending in terms of ...
2015
2015 will see renewed global commitments to sustainable human development. It is clear that there is much to be done, and that new challenges have emerged since the global agreement on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) back in 2000. But there is less clarity on what kind of effort is now needed to deliver lasting development, and there is a big danger that new international commitments will rely on 'more of the same'. Current projections suggest that if we continue along our current path, it will be decades-if not longer-before the world's most disadvantaged people have access to basic services of adequate quality. Meeting this challenge demands a radical departure from the MDG approach: extra funding will not be enough, and broad calls for 'good governance' or 'inclusive institutions' will miss the point. This report argues that if we are to avoid reproducing the pattern of uneven progress that has characterised the MDG campaign, there must be more explicit recognition of the political conditions that sometimes enable, but so often obstruct, development progress. In this context, domestic reformers and their international partners must pursue innovative and politically smart ways to tackle the most intractable problems. The report is, therefore, aimed at governments, domestic reformers and at the external actors (donor agencies, NGOs and others) that can support them better to do development differently. not necessarily represent the views of ODI.
IMF Policy Discussion Papers
The views expressed in this Policy Discussion Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Policy Discussion Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. This paper highlights the macro and microeconomic challenges associated with success of the effort to mobilize 0.7 percent of GNP for official development assistance (ODA). To promote achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, enhanced ODA must be as productive as possible. In weighing the distribution of enhanced ODA among countries, the paper emphasizes the need to limit potentially adverse "real transfer effects." It recommends a multi-pronged approach to ODA that includes, inter alia, in addition to direct bilateral transfers, enhanced use of trust funds and the financing of global public goods.
2008
Whereas 22 developed countries have pledged to contribute a paltry 0.7% of their GDP in form of Official Development Assistance (ODA) to developing countries, after 40 years of the commitment, only five countries have come close to that target. This paper argues that even then, the assistance is provided inefficiently since most of it is spent as unsolicited expensive Technical Assistance or repatriated in form of input purchase conditionalities. The paper also argues that ODA figures are artificially inflated by donors including forgiven debts as new assistance. It traces the recent history of development assistance from the Marshall Plan to the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness. It singles out aid conditionalities as "master-student arrogance". It also criticises endless postponement of deadlines for achieving human development goals as tantamount to goal-shifting. Finally, it concludes that external aid cannot deliver a country from poverty, since the amounts commi...
2011
bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Pu bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Pu bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Pu bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Produced by the Research Support Team
2009
ODI is the UK's leading independent think tank on international development and humanitarian issues. ODI Project Briefings provide a focused and specialised summary of a project, a country study or regional analysis. This and other ODI Project Briefings are available from www.odi.org.uk Project Briefing T he prospects for developing countries are shaped by a wide range of issues, some of which-such as politics-are, primarily, domestic, while others have important cross-border dimensions. These include aid, but go far beyond it. These 'Beyond Aid' issues include trade, migration, investment, environmental issues, security and technology. In the context of globalisation, it is these issues, rather than aid alone, that will shape the development prospects for many countries. The Beyond Aid agenda is about making sure that policies on these issues-which go beyond the remit of aid agencies alone-deliver for development. There are two aspects to the agenda. The first concerns efforts by developing countries to engage more effectively with these broader issues by putting in place appropriate, country-specific policies and institutions. The second aspect concerns efforts by powerful countries to ensure that their policies on Beyond Aid issues support, or at least do not undermine, progress towards the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), achieving win-wins between development and other issues. This aspect of the agenda-a major focus for the Center for Global Development's Commitment to Development Index-is part of what is referred to as Policy Coherence for Development (PCD). With support from both the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the UK Department for International Development (DFID), this Paper focuses on the PCD angle, while emphasising that progress on the Beyond Aid agenda requires action by both developing and developed countries, at global as well as national levels.
2001
Contracting for public services Output-based aid and its applications Edited by Penelope J. Brook and Suzanne M. Smith VWORLD BANK s 4I. i! Contents Acknowledgments vii Foreword ix Part 1 Output-based aid: precedents, promises, 3 and challenges Part 2 Chapter 1 Expanding rural telephony Output-based contracts for pay phones in Peru Chapter 2 Making water affordable 23 Output-based consumption subsidies in Chile Chapter 3 Easing tariff increases 31 Financing the transition to cost-covering water tariffs in Guinea Chapter 4 Maintaining roads 39 Experience with output-based contracts in Argentina Chapter 5 Extending rural electrification 47 A survey of innovative schemes Chapter 6 Educating mothers for health Output-based incentives for teaching oral rehydration in Bangladesh Chapter 7 Promoting preventive health care Paying for performance in Haiti Chapter 8 Improving primary health care Output-based contracting in Romania v Chapter 9 Pursuing output-based education 8 The evolution of contracts for schools in the United Kingdom Part 3 Designing output-based aid schemes: 91 a checklist From strategy to implementation 91 Clarifying the role and sustainability of public funding Deciding who will be eligible to receive services that attract public funding 95 Deciding who will be eligible to provide services 96
2000
R wanda is one of the pioneers of performance-based financing. Building on lessons from three donor-financed pilots, the government has assumed leadership for this approach and is scaling up a standardized model nationwide. Technical Cooperation), Bruno Meessen (Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp), and Robert Soeters (public health and financing specialist). Bruno Meessen also provided detailed comments and suggestions on earlier drafts.
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